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Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-093 Revised 23-Jul-08
Aflatoxin B1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-093-M001   1 mg 28.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-093-M005   5 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O6
MW: 312.3
CAS NUMBER: 1162-65-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 180
RTECS: GY1925000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (20mg/ml) or methylene chloride (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description
Naturally occuring mycotoxin produced by many species of Aspergillus. Metabolized by the liver to the reactive intermediate aflatoxin M1. Exposure may produce acute necrosis, cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver. Induces DNA damage.
Product Specific Literature References
Molecular dosimetry of aflatoxin exposure: contribution to understanding the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with particular reference to hepatitis B virus: C.P. Wild, et al.; Environ. Health Perspect. 99, 115 (1993) Abstract
A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People's Republic of China: G.S. Qian, et al.; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 3, 3 (1994) Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 induced lacI mutation in liver and kidney of transgenic mice C57BL/6N: effect of phorone: H. Autrup, et al.; Mutagenesis 11, 69 (1996) Abstract
Activation and detoxication of aflatoxin B1: F.P. Guengerich, et al.; Mutat. Res. 402, 121 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Hyperplasia, partial hepatectomy, and the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1: B.D. Roebu; J. Cell. Biochem. 91, 242 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Aflatoxin B1-induced DNA damage and its repair: L. L. Bedard & T. E. Massey; Cancer Lett. 241, 174 (2006), (Review) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-103 Revised 04-Sep-08
Aflatoxin B2
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-103-M001   1 mg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-103-M005   5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O6
MW: 314.3
CAS NUMBER: 7220-81-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 180
RTECS: GY1722000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (5mg/ml), DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Aflatoxin B2: Chemical Identity and Biological Activity: S.B. Chang, et al.; Science 142, 1191 (1963) Abstract
Accumulation of only aflatoxin B2 by a strain of Aspergillus flavus: H.W. Schroeder & W.W. Carlton; Appl. Microbiol. 25, 146 (1973) Abstract
In vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B2 by animal and human liver: B.D. Roebuck, et al.; Cancer Res. 38, 999 (1978) Abstract
Interaction of aflatoxin B2 with rat liver DNA and histones in vivo: J.D. Groopman, et al.; Carcinogenesis 2, 1371 (1981) Abstract
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Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-104 Revised 24-Sep-08
Aflatoxin G1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-104-M001   1 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-104-M005   5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O7
MW: 328.3
CAS NUMBER: 1165-39-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 181
RTECS: LV1720000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml), methylene chloride (5mg/ml) or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Mutagenic effect of aflatoxin G1 in comparison with B1: M.M. el-Zawahri, et al.; J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 10, 45 (1990) Abstract
Identification of an aflatoxin G1-serum albumin adduct and its relevance to the measurement of human exposure to aflatoxins: G. Sabbioni & C.P. Wild; Carcinogenesis 12, 97 (1991) Abstract
Effects of sterigmatocystin, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin G1 on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro: X.M. Sun, et al.; Biomed. Environ. Sci. 15, 145 (2002) Abstract
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Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-106 Revised 20-Jun-08
Aflatoxin G2
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-106-M001   1 mg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-106-M005   5 mg 600.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O7
MW: 330.3
CAS NUMBER: 7241-98-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 181
RTECS: LV1700000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (5mg/ml), DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Combining Ability for Resistance to Field Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize Grain: D.P. Gorman, et al.; Plant Breeding 109, 296 (1992)
Mutagenicity of aflatoxins related to their metabolism and carcinogenic potential: J.J. Wong & D.P. Hsieh; PNAS 73, 2241 (1976) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis
 
 
ALX-630-114 Revised 13-Jun-08
Aflatoxin M2
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SYNONYMS 4-Hydroxyaflatoxin B2
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-114-MC01   0.1 mg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O7
MW: 330.3
CAS NUMBER: 6885-57-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 182
RTECS: GY1720000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC, TLC)
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin. Metabolite of aflatoxin B2. DNA-damaging agent.
Product Specific Literature References
Milk of mammals fed an aflatoxin-containing diet.: H. De Iongh, et al.; Nature 202, 466 (1964) Abstract
Isolation and structure of aflatoxins M1 and M2: C.W. Holzapfel, et al.; Tetrahedron Lett. 25, 2799 (1966) Abstract
Acute toxicity of aflatoxins M1 and M2 in one-day-old ducklings: I.F. Purchase; Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 5, 339 (1967) Abstract
Occurrence of aflatoxins M(1) and M(2) in milk commercialized in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil: N.S. Garrido, et al.; Food Addit. Contam. 20, 70 (2003) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters
 
 
ALX-630-095 Revised 29-Oct-08
Aflatoxin M1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-095-MC01   0.1 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O7
MW: 328.3
CAS NUMBER: 6795-23-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 182
RTECS: GY1880000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (1mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin. Hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1. Maximum absorbance (λmax) at 228, 264 and 360nm.
Product Specific Literature References
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against aflatoxin M1: N.A. Woychik, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48, 1096 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Comparative binding and sequence interaction specificities of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin M1, and aflatoxicol M1 with purified DNA: K. Marien, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7455 (1987) Abstract; Full Text
Presence of aflatoxin M1 in commercial ultra-high-temperature-treated milk.: J.L. Blanco, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1622 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Distribution and stability of aflatoxin M1 during processing, ripening and storage of Telemes cheese: A. Govaris, et al.; Food Addit. Contam. 18, 437 (2001) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-139 Revised 18-Feb-08
Alternariol
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SYNONYMS AOH
3,7,9-Trihydroxy-1-methyl-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-350-139-M001   1 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C14H10O5
MW: 258.2
CAS NUMBER: 641-38-3
RTECS: HP8757000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Alternaria sp.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by MS, 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Mycotoxin contaminant of fruit and cereal products. Exhibits antifungal and phytotoxic activity. Cholinesterase inhibitor.
Product Specific Literature References
Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 90. Alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, metabolic products of Alternaria tenuis: H. Raistrick, et al.; Biochem. J. 55, 421 (1953) Abstract; Full Text
Studies in the biosynthesis of fungal metabolites. 2. The biosynthesis of alternariol and its relation to other fungal phenols: R. Thomas; Biochem. J. 78, 748 (1961) Abstract; Full Text
Effect of substrate on metabolite production of Alternaria alternata: R. Burroughs, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31, 685 (1976) Abstract; Full Text
Light inhibits the production of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in Alternaria alternata: K. Soderhall, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36, 655 (1978) Abstract; Full Text
Toxicity of the Alternaria metabolites alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, altenuene, and tenuazonic acid in the chicken embryo assay: G.F. Griffin and F.S. Chu; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46, 1420 (1983) Abstract; Full Text
Alternariol, a dibenzopyrone mycotoxin of Alternaria spp., is a new photosensitizing and DNA cross-linking agent: F. DiCosmo and N.A. Straus; Experientia 41, 1188 (1985) Abstract
Nitrogen inhibition of mycotoxin production by Alternaria alternata: M. Orvehed, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 2361 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Evaluation of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium: V.M. Davis and M.E. Stack; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 3901 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
The inhibitory effect of extracts from Fructus lycii and Rhizoma polygonati on in vitro DNA breakage by alternariol: D.S. Xu, et al.; Biomed. Environ. 9, 67 (1996) Abstract
Total synthesis of alternariol: K. Koch, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 70, 3275 (2005) Abstract
Mutagenicity of the mycotoxin alternariol in cultured mammalian cells: E.M. Brugger, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 164, 221 (2006) Abstract
Estrogenic and clastogenic potential of the mycotoxin alternariol in cultured mammalian cells: L. Lehmann, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 398 (2006) Abstract
Further examination of the effects of nitrosylation on Alternaria alternata mycotoxin mutagenicity in vitro: T.J. Schrader, et al.; Mutat. Res. 606, 61 (2006) Abstract
Novel oxidative in vitro metabolites of the mycotoxins alternariol and alternariol methyl ether: E. Pfeiffer, et al.; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51, 307 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Antifungal Agents
 
 
ALX-380-058 Revised 20-Oct-08
Citrinin
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SYNONYMS Antimycin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics Other Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M001   1 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M010   10 mg 105.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M025   25 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H14O5
MW: 250.3
CAS NUMBER: 518-75-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2327
RTECS: DJ2275000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium citrinum.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, dioxane, pyridine or dichlormethane; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: Solutions change color with changes in pH from yellow (pH 4.6) to red (pH 9.9).
HAZARD: TOXIC.
MELTINGPOINT: 110-112°C

Product Description
Antibiotic. Induces mitochondrial permeability pore opening and inhibits respiration by interfering with complex I of the respiratory chain. Mycotoxin. Acts as nephrotoxin in all species in which it has been tested. Has been implicated as a cause of Balkan nephropathy and yellow rice fever in humans. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Mechanism of citrinin-induced dysfunction of mitochondria. III. Effects on renal cortical and liver mitochondrial swelling: G.M. Chagas, et al.; J. Appl. Toxicol. 15, 91 (1995) Abstract
Mycotoxins: J.W. Bennett & M. Klich; Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16, 497 (2003) Abstract
Citrinin induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via activation of the mitochondrial pathway: F.Y. Yu, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 161, 143 (2006) Abstract
Citrinin induces apoptosis via a mitochondria-dependent pathway and inhibition of survival signals in embryonic stem cells, and causes developmental injury in blastocysts: W.H. Chan; Biochem. J. 404, 317 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Respiratory Chain Other Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Mycotoxins
 
 
ALX-350-023 Revised 03-Jun-08
Cyclopiazonic acid
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SYNONYMS CPA
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - ATPase Inhibitors
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ALX-350-023-M005   5 mg 42.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-023-M025   25 mg 145.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-023-M100   100 mg 460.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H20N2O3
MW: 336.4
CAS NUMBER: 18172-33-3
RTECS: UY8587000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium griseofulvum.
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (50mg/ml), methylene chloride or methanol (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Mycotoxin. Cell permeable, reversible inhibitor of Ca2+-ATPases.
Product Specific Literature References
Cyclopiazonic acid is a specific inhibitor of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum: N.W. Seidler, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17816 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Acetylcholine Ca2+ stores refilling directly involves a dihydropyridine- sensitive channel in dog trachea: J.P. Bourreau, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 261, C497 (1991) Abstract
Discrimination of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum from actomyosin-type ATPase activity of myofibrils in skinned mammalian skeletal muscle fibres: distinct effects of cyclopiazonic acid on the two ATPase activities: N. Kurebayashi & Y. Ogawa; J. Muscle Res. Cell Motility 12, 355 (1991) Abstract
Coupling between intracellular Ca2+ stores and the Ca2+ permeability of the plasma membrane. Comparison of the effects of thapsigargin, 2,5-di- (tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone, and cyclopiazonic acid in rat thymic lymphocytes: M.J. Mason, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 20856 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Cyclopiazonic acid depletes intracellular Ca2+ stores and activates an influx pathway for divalent cations in HL-60 cells: N. Demaurex, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2318 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
Cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)- pump, reduces Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents in guinea-pig smooth muscle cells: M. Suzuki, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 134 (1992) Abstract
Effects of cyclopiazonic acid, a novel Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, on contractile responses in skinned ileal smooth muscle: Y. Uyama, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 106, 208 (1992) Abstract
Effects of cyclopiazonic acid and ryanodine on cytosolic calcium and contraction in vascular smooth muscle: F. Abe, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 118, 1711 (1996) Abstract
Natural and in vitro coproduction of cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxins: M.L. Martins & H.M. Martins; J. Food Prot. 62, 292 (1999) Abstract
Recent advances in analytical methodology for cyclopiazonic acid: J.W. Dorner; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 504, 107 (2002), Review Abstract
Cyclopiazonic acid reduces the coupling factor of the Ca2+-ATPase acting on Ca2+ binding: F. Martinez-Azorin; FEBS Lett. 576, 73 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Ca2+-ATPase / Related Products • Neurotoxins • Mycotoxins
 
 
ALX-380-057 Revised 03-Apr-08
Cytochalasin A
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics for Cytoskeletal Research
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ALX-380-057-M001   1 mg 50.00 USD