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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-430-130 Revised 09-Nov-06
HQNO
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SYNONYMS 2-n-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Respiratory Chain Other Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-430-130-M010   10 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-130-M050   50 mg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C16H21NO2
MW: 259.3
CAS NUMBER: 341-88-8
RTECS: VC5890000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥99% (1H-NMR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or chloroform; very slightly soluble in water, pH>7.0.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: -20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Hygroscopic. Protect from light.

Product Description
Naturally occurring antagonist of dihydrostreptomycin. Potent inhibitor of the respiratory chain binding to the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein. Inhibits NADH oxidase (NADH) and Na+-dependent NADH-quinone reductase (NQR).
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of cytochrome system of heart muscle and of Staphylococcus aureus by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, an antagonist of dihydrostreptomycin: J.W. Lightbown & F.L. Jackson; Biochem. J. 58, 15 (1954)
Structure of a naturally occurring antagonist of dihydrostreptomycin: J.W. Cornforth & A.T. James; Biochem. J. 63, 124 (1956)
Binding of HQNO to beef-heart sub-mitochondrial particles: G. Van Ark & J.A. Berden; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 459, 119 (1977) Abstract
Inhibitor studies of a new antibiotic, korormicin, 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide and Ag+ toward the Na+-translocating NADH-quinone reductase from the marine Vibrio alginolyticus: Y. Nakayama, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 22, 1064 (1999) Abstract
FTIR spectroscopic evidence for the involvement of an acidic residue in quinone binding in cytochrome bd from Escherichia coli: J. Zhang, et al.; Biochemistry 41, 4612 (2002) Abstract
A stable isotope dilution assay for the quantification of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures: F. Lepine, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1622, 36 (2003) Abstract
Sulfite-oxido-reductase is involved in the oxidation of sulfite in Desulfocapsa sulfoexigens during disproportionation of thiosulfate and elemental sulfur: T.M. Frederiksen & K. Finster; Biodegradation 14, 189 (2003) Abstract
Enzymatic properties of the membrane-bound NADH oxidase system in the aerobic respiratory chain of Bacillus cereus: M.S. Kim & Y.J. Kim; J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37, 753 (2004) Abstract
Involvement of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase in sulfur oxidation of an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NASF-1: S. Wakai, et al.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68, 2519 (2004) Abstract
Physiological roles of three Na+/H+ antiporters in the halophilic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus: T. Kuroda, et al.; Microbiol. Immunol. 49, 711 (2005) Abstract
Quinone reduction by Rhodothermus marinus succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase is not stimulated by the membrane potential: A.S. Fernandes, et al.; BBRC 330, 565 (2005) Abstract
Purification and characterization of succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase from Corynebacterium glutamicum: T. Kurokawa and J. Sakamoto; Arch. Microbiol. 183, 317 (2005) Abstract
 
 
ALX-270-447 Revised 11-Jul-08
4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-447-M001   1 mg 91.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-447-M005   5 mg 407.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H16O3
MW: 172.2
CAS NUMBER: 7439-43-2
CONCENTRATION: 10mg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in acetone.
SOLUBILITY: 30mg/ml soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol; 0.5mg/ml soluble in a 1:6 solution of ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (dilute the ethanol solution with PBS).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -80°C. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Precursor compound of (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (Prod. No. ALX-270-245) formed from the cleavage of the ω-6 hydroperoxides 9(S)-HpODE and 13(S)-HpODE.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the acetone under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-480-090 Revised 25-Jul-08
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
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SYNONYMS 8-OHdG
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Guanosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-090-M001   1 mg 91.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H13N5O5
MW: 283.2
CAS NUMBER: 88847-89-6
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (15mg/ml) or DMSO (12mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
8-Substituted guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine derivatives as potential inducers of the differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells: T.S. Lin, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 28, 1194 (1985) Abstract
Assay of excised oxidative DNA lesions: isolation of 8-oxoguanine and its nucleoside derivatives from biological fluids with a monoclonal antibody column: E.M. Park, et al.; PNAS 89, 3375 (1992) Abstract
Assays of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: M.K. Shigenaga, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 16 (1994) Abstract
Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery & J.M. Carney; Brain Pathol. 9, 133 (1999) Abstract
Distinct repair activities of human 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase for formamidopyrimidine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: K. Asagoshi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4956 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Efficient repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine in human and hamster xeroderma pigmentosum D cells: E. Cappelli, et al.; Biochemistry 39, 10408 (2000) Abstract
Urinary 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine--source, significance and supplements: M.S. Cooke, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 32, 381 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products • DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-480-091 Revised 28-Nov-07
8-Hydroxyguanine
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SYNONYMS 8-Oxoguanine
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine
8-oxoG
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nucleobases
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ALX-480-091-M010   10 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H5N5O2
MW: 167.1
CAS NUMBER: 5614-64-2
PURITY: ≥90% (contains <10% acetic acid)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in conc. sodium hydroxide. May be further diluted and neutralized with water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in human lung cancer: P. Jaruga, et al.; FEBS Lett. 341, 59 (1994) Abstract
Assays of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: M.K. Shigenaga, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 16 (1994) Abstract
DNA strand breakage and base modification induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment of human respiratory tract epithelial cells: J.P. Spencer, et al.; FEBS Lett. 374, 233 (1995) Abstract
DNA base modifications and membrane damage in cultured mammalian cells treated with iron ions: T.H. Zastawny, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 18, 1013 (1995) Abstract
Oxidative denitrification of the antitumour drug hydroxyguanidine: S.A. Everett, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24, 1 (1998) Abstract
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanine as biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage: H.J. Helbock, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 300, 156 (1999) Abstract
Leukemic cell line, KG-1 has a functional loss of hOGG1 enzyme due to a point mutation and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine can kill KG-1: J.W. Hyun, et al.; Oncogene 19, 4476 (2000) Abstract
Peroxynitrite-induced secondary oxidative lesions at guanine nucleobases: chemical stability and recognition by the Fpg DNA repair enzyme: N.Y. Tretyakova, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, 658 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products • DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-405 Revised 14-Jul-08
(E)-4-Hydroxyhexenal
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SYNONYMS 4-HHE
(E)-(±)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Lipid Peroxidation
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M001   1 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M005   5 mg 199.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M010   10 mg 354.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C6H10O2
MW: 114.1
CAS NUMBER: 160708-91-8
CONCENTRATION: 10mg/ml 
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or acetonitrile.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C.

Product Description
Lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaneoic acid.
Product Specific Literature References
4-Hydroxyhexenal: a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized docosahexaenoic acid: F.J. Van Kuijk, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1043, 116 (1990) Abstract
Quantitative measurement of 4-hydroxyalkenals in oxidized low-density lipoprotein by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: F.J. van Kuijk, et al.; Anal. Biochem. 224, 420 (1995) Abstract
Induction of endothelial iNOS by 4-hydroxyhexenal through NF-kappaB activation: J.Y. Lee, et al.; Free Radic Biol. Med. 37, 539 (2004) Abstract
NF-kappaB activation mechanism of 4-hydroxyhexenal via NIK/IKK and p38 MAPK pathway: J.H. Je, et al.; FEBS Lett. 566, 183 (2004) Abstract
Induction of endothelial apoptosis by 4-hydroxyhexenal: J.Y. Lee, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 1339 (2004) Abstract
Specific markers of lipid peroxidation issued from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids: M. Guichardant, et al.; Biochem. Soc. Trans. 32, 139 (2004) Abstract
4-Hydroxyhexenal is a potent inducer of the mitochondrial permeability transition: B.S. Kristal, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 6033 (1996) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
 
 
ALX-480-092 Revised 11-Dec-06
Hydroxymethyl uracil
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SYNONYMS 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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ALX-480-092-G001   1 g 43.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H6N2O3
MW: 142.1
CAS NUMBER: 4433-40-3
RTECS: YR0513000
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystallline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol; also soluble in PBS, pH 7.2.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at –20 °C. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in human lung cancer: P. Jaruga, et al.; FEBS Lett. 341, 59 (1994) Abstract
DNA strand breakage and base modification induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment of human respiratory tract epithelial cells: J.P. Spencer, et al.; FEBS Lett. 374, 233 (1995) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-245 Revised 14-Feb-07
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal
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SYNONYMS 4-HNE
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
Ordering Information
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ALX-270-245-M005   5 mg 128.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H16O2
MW: 156.2
CAS NUMBER: 128946-65-6
RTECS: RA8510000
PURITY: ≥85% (HPLC) (precursor diethylacetal)
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in n-hexane.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (washed with nitrogen) or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Store solutions on ice and use within 6 hours of preparation.
HANDLING: Protect from light and oxygen. Keep under inert gas. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Product Description
Among the aldehydes formed, 4-HNE is the major product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been suggested to play a major role in liver toxicity associated with lipid peroxidation. Prevents NF-κB activation and TNF expression by inhibiting IκB phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis.
Product Specific Literature References
Suggested mechanisms for the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal from the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: W.A. Pryor & N.A. Porter; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 8, 541 (1990) Abstract
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81 (1991) Abstract
Quantitation of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts: K. Uchida & E.R. Stadtman; Meth. Enzymol. 233, 371 (1994) Abstract
Histochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein in Alzheimer amyloid: Y. Ando, et al.; J. Neurol. Sci. 156, 172 (1998) Abstract
Genotoxic lipid peroxidation products: their DNA damaging properties and role in formation of endogenous DNA adducts: P.C. Burcham; Mutagenesis 13, 287 (1998) Abstract
Roles of lipid peroxidation in modulation of cellular signaling pathways, cell dysfunction, and death in the nervous system: J.N. Keller & M.P. Mattson; Rev. Neurosci. 9, 105 (1998) Abstract
4-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, is increased in the brain in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery and M.A. Lovell; Neurobiol. Aging 19, 33 (1998) Abstract
Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity: M.P. Mattson; TINS 21, 53 (1998) Abstract
Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, on dopamine transport and Na+/K+ ATPase in rat striatal synaptosomes: P. Morel, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 33, 531 (1998) Abstract
Metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal, a cytotoxic lipid peroxidation product, in thymocytes as an effective secondary antioxidative defense mechanism: W.G. Siems, et al.; J. Biochem. 123, 534 (1998) Abstract
Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery & J.M. Carney; Brain Pathol. 9, 133 (1999) Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal prevents NF-kappaB activation and tumor necrosis factor expression by inhibiting IkappaB phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis: S. Page, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11611 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal impairs glutamate and glucose transport and choline acetyltransferase activity in NSC-19 motor neuron cells: W.A. Pedersen, et al.; Exp. Neurol. 155, 1 (1999) Abstract
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal inhibits neurite outgrowth, disrupts neuronal microtubules, and modifies cellular tubulin: M.D. Neely, et al.; J. Neurochem. 72, 2323 (1999) Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein MRP1 protects against the toxicity of the major lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal: J. Renes, et al.; Biochem. J. 350, 555 (2000) Abstract
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal inhibits constitutive and inducible activity of nuclear factor kappa B in neurons: S. Camandola, et al.; Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 85, 53 (2000) Abstract
IkappaB kinase, a molecular target for inhibition by 4-hydroxy-2- nonenal: C. Ji, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 18223 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal (Prod. No. ALX-270-375) can be used for making a fresh preparation of HNE.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-270-406 Revised 07-Jul-08
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-d3
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SYNONYMS HNE-d3
(±)-4-Hydroxy-9,9,9-d3-non-2E-enal
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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ALX-270-406-C050   50 µg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H13D3O2
MW: 159.2
PURITY: ≥99%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in methyl acetate.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (25mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C.

Product Description
Internal standard for the quantification of hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245) by GC- or LC-mass spectometry. Contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the methyl acetate under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation