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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-270-428 Revised 25-Feb-08
Salubrinal
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Phosphatases Other Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-428-M001   1 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-428-M005   5 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H20Cl3N4OS
MW: 479.8
CAS NUMBER: 405060-95-9
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Product may darken when exposed to air. Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas.

Product Description
Cell permeable and selective inhibitor of the phosphatase complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF-2α). Protects ER stress-induced apoptosis (EC50~15µM in PC12 cells stimulated with 750ng/ml of tunicamycin (Prod. No. ALX-380-047)).
Product Specific Literature References
A selective inhibitor of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation protects cells from ER stress: M. Boyce, et al.; Science 307, 935 (2005) Abstract
A pharmacoproteomic approach implicates eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase in ER stress-induced cell death: M. Boyce, et al.; Cell Death Differ. 15, 589 (2008) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Endoplasmatic Reticulum Stress • Translation Initiation Factors / Related Products • Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
 
 
ALX-350-004 Revised 08-Apr-08
Thapsigargin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-004-M001   1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-004-M005   5 mg 200.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-004-M010   10 mg 350.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-004-M025   25 mg 690.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H50O12
MW: 650.8
CAS NUMBER: 67526-95-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9272
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Clear colorless film.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and oxygen.
HAZARD: HIGHLY IRRITANT. HARMFUL.

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Product Description
Cell permeable tumor promoter by specific inhibition of the (sarco)endoplasmatic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Inhibition of SERCA reveals a significant change in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and pH regulation in tumor cells. Does not increase inositol phosphates. Shows no effect on protein kinase C (PKC). Increases Ca2+-dependent Na+ influx in human platelets in a dose-dependent manner. Induces apoptosis. Stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production, contributing to hepatocyte apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Brefeldin A, thapsigargin, and AIF4- stimulate the accumulation of GRP78 mRNA in a cycloheximide dependent manner, whilst induction by hypoxia is independent of protein synthesis: B.D. Price, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 152, 545 (1992) Abstract
Thapsigargin, a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, depletes the intracellular Ca2+ pool and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells: A. Tsukamoto & Y. Kaneko; Cell Biol. Int. 17, 969 (1993) Abstract
The role of calcium, pH, and cell proliferation in the programmed (apoptotic) death of androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells induced by thapsigargin: Y. Furuya, et al.; Cancer Res. 54, 6167 (1994) Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals activate apoptosis in thymocytes: studies using the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin: S. Jiang, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 212, 84 (1994) Abstract
Role of EGR-1 in thapsigargin-inducible apoptosis in the melanoma cell line A375-C6: S. Muthukkumar, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 6262 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Baculovirus p35 and Z-VAD-fmk inhibit thapsigargin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells: X.M. Qi, et al.; Oncogene 15, 1207 (1997) Abstract
Signal transduction of thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in osteoblast: H.J. Chae, et al.; Bone 25, 453 (1999) Abstract
Nitric oxide is involved in apoptosis induced by thapsigargin in rat mesangial cells: A.M. Rodriguez-Lopez, et al.; Cell Physiol. Biochem. 9, 285 (1999) Abstract
Thapsigargin induces apoptosis in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells: C. Peiro, et al.; J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 36, 676 (2000) Abstract
Thapsigargin induces a calmodulin/calcineurin-dependent apoptotic cascade responsible for the death of prostatic cancer cells: B. Tombal, et al.; Prostate 43, 303 (2000) Abstract
Changes in intracellular Ca2+ and pH in response to thapsigargin in human glioblastoma cells and normal astrocytes: G.G. Kovacs, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 289, C361 (2005) Abstract
Thapsigargin, a selective inhibitor of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPases, modulates nitric oxide production and cell death of primary rat hepatocytes in culture: N.K. Canova, et al.; Cell Biol. Toxicol. 23, 337 (2007) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Dissolving of 0.65mg Thapsigargin in 1ml gives a stock solution of 1mM.
General Literature References
Role of Ca2(+)-ATPases in regulation of cellular Ca2+ signalling, as studied with the selective microsomal Ca2(+)-ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin: O. Thastrup; Agents Actions 29, 8 (1990), (Review) Abstract
Thapsigargin, a high affinity and global inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ transport ATPases: G. Inesi and Y. Sagara; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 298, 313 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Use of thapsigargin to study Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac cells: T.B. Rogers, et al.; Biosci. Rep. 15, 341 (1995), (Review) Abstract
The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump: inhibition by thapsigargin and enhancement by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer: G. Inesi, et al.; Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 853, 195 (1998), (Review) Abstract; Full Text
A tool coming of age: thapsigargin as an inhibitor of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases: M. Treiman, et al.; TIPS 19, 131 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Ca2+-ATPase / Related Products • Endoplasmatic Reticulum Stress • Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - ATPase Inhibitors • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Nuclear Envelope & Nuclear Transport • Autophagy Other Products
 
 
ALX-380-047 Revised 20-Feb-08
Tunicamycin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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ALX-380-047-M010   10 mg 82.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-047-M050   50 mg 350.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
CAS NUMBER: 11089-65-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9819
RTECS: YO7980200
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces lysosuperficus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
PURITY DETAIL: Mixture of tunicamycin A, B, C and D.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol or DMSO (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Nucleoside antibiotic that blocks the formation of protein N-glycosidic linkages by inhibiting the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate to dolichol monophosphate.  Induces ER-stress following the inhibition of N-linked glycosylation.
Product Specific Literature References
Isolation and structures of components of Tunicamycin: T. Ito, et al.; Agric. Biol. Chem. 44, 695 (1980)
Separation of tunicamycin homologues by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: W.C. Mahoney & D. Duksin; J. Chromatogr. 198, 506 (1980) Abstract
Relationship of the structure and biological activity of the natural homologues of tunicamycin: D. Duksin & W.C. Mahoney; J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3105 (1982) Abstract; Full Text
Tunicamycin inhibits the expression of functional thrombin receptors on human T-lymphoblastoid cells: A. Tordai, et al.; BBRC 206, 857 (1995) Abstract
Tunicamycin, a new antibiotic. I. Isolation and characterization of tunicamycin: A. Takatsuki, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 24, 215 (1971) Abstract
Tunicamycin inhibits NMDA and AMPA receptor responses independently of N-glycosylation: K. Maruo, et al.; Brain Res. 977, 294 (2003) Abstract
Tunicamycin enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: T. Shiraishi, et al.; Cancer Res. 65, 6364 (2005) Abstract
Novel potential of tunicamycin as an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor -- dioxin responsive element signaling pathway: K. Horikawa, et al.; FEBS Lett. 580, 3721 (2006) Abstract
Tunicamycin sensitizes human melanoma cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 via the unfolded protein response: C.C. Jiang, et al.; Cancer Res. 67, 5880 (2007) Abstract
Glycosylation modulates TRAIL-R1/death receptor 4 protein: different regulations of two pro-apoptotic receptors for TRAIL by tunicamycin: T. Yoshida, et al.; Oncol. Rep. 18, 1239 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Endoplasmatic Reticulum Stress • Autophagy Other Products
 
 
ALX-400-016 Revised 28-Nov-04
Galvinoxyl, free radical
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SYNONYMS 2,6-di-t-Butyl-α-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-p-tolyloxy, free radical
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Free Radicals / Related Products
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ALX-400-016-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-400-016-M050   50 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C29H41O2
MW: 421.6
CAS NUMBER: 2370-18-5
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Dark brownish crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Free radical compound.
 
 
ALX-400-018 Revised 30-Nov-06
3-Carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl, free radical
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Free Radicals / Related Products
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ALX-400-018-M010   10 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-400-018-M050   50 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H16NO3
MW: 186.2
CAS NUMBER: 2154-68-9
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Yellow crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Free radical compound.
Product Specific Literature References
Probing the intracellular redox status of tumors with magnetic resonance imaging and redox-sensitive contrast agents: F. Hyodo, et al.; Cancer Res. 66, 9921 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-400-019 Revised 27-Oct-06
4-Amino-TEMPO, free radical
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SYNONYMS 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, free radical
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Free Radicals / Related Products
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ALX-400-019-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-400-019-M050   50 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H19N2O
MW: 171.3
CAS NUMBER: 14691-88-4
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Orange to red solid or liquid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture. Packaged under inert gas.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Free radical compound.
 
 
ALX-430-081 Revised 22-May-08
TEMPOL
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SYNONYMS 4-OH-TEMPO
4-Hydroxy-TEMPO
4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, free radical
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-430-081-M250   250 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-081-M500   500 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-081-G001   1 g 38.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H18NO2
MW: 172.2
CAS NUMBER: 2226-96-2
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC, EPR)
APPEARANCE: Yellow to orange crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Free radical scavenger useful for both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Product Specific Literature References
Measurement of intracellular oxygen concentration using the spin label TEMPOL: P.D. Morse, 2nd & H.M. Swartz; Magn. Reson. Med. 2, 114 (1985) Abstract
Inhibition of oxygen-dependent radiation-induced damage by the nitroxide superoxide dismutase mimic, tempol: J.B. Mitchell, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 289, 62 (1991) Abstract
Tempol, a stable free radical, is a novel murine radiation protector: S.M. Hahn, et al.; Cancer Res. 52, 1750 (1992) Abstract
Protective effect of 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, a low molecular weight superoxide dismutase mimic, on free radical toxicity in experimental pancreatitis: Z. Sledzinski, et al.; Int. J. Pancreatol. 18, 153 (1995) Abstract
A novel antioxidant alleviates heat hyperalgesia in rats with an experimental painful peripheral neuropathy: M. Tal; Neuroreport 7, 1382 (1996) Abstract
Stable nitroxide radicals protect lipid acyl chains from radiation damage: A.M. Samuni & Y. Barenholz; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 22, 1165 (1997) Abstract
Tempol inhibits neutrophil and hydrogen peroxide-mediated DNA damage: S.M. Hahn, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 23, 879 (1997) Abstract
Effects of the superoxide dismutase-mimic compound TEMPOL on oxidant stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction: A.I. Haj-Yehia, et al.; Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 1, 221 (1999) Abstract
The nitroxide tempol induces oxidative stress, p21(WAF1/CIP1), and cell death in HL60 cells: M.B. Gariboldi, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 29, 633 (2000) Abstract
Nitroxide TEMPOL impairs mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in HL60 cells: E. Monti, et al.; J. Cell. Biochem. 82, 271 (2001) Abstract
Spin trapping agents (Tempol and POBN) protect HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP2E1 against arachidonic acid toxicity: M.J. Perez & A.I. Cederbaum; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 30, 734 (2001) Abstract
Systemic arterial pressure response to two weeks of Tempol therapy in SHR: involvement of NO, the RAS, and oxidative stress: L. Yanes, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr.Comp. Physiol. 288, R903 (2005) Abstract
Tempol, one of nitroxides, is a novel ultraviolet-A1 radiation protector for human dermal fibroblasts: S.X. Yan, et al.; J. Dermatol. Sci. 37, 137 (2005) Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention by the antioxidant tempol acts partially via the p53 tumor suppressor: L. Erker, et al.; Hum. Mol. Genet. 14, 1699 (2005) Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes and effects of tempol on the development of hypertension induced by nitric oxide inhibition: J. Sainz, et al.; Am. J. Hypertens. 18, 871 (2005) Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of TEMPOL in central and peripheral nervous system models of Parkinson’s disease: Q. Liang, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 70, 1371 (2005)
The role of oxidant stress in angiotensin II-mediated contraction of human resistance arteries in the state of health and the presence of cardiovascular disease: M.B. Hussain, et al.; Vascul. Pharmacol. 45, 395 (2006) Abstract
Acute effects of the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol on split kidney function in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats: G.S. Guron, et al.; J. Hypertens. 24, 387 (2006) Abstract
The effects of tempol, 3-aminobenzamide and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on acoustic injury of the mouse cochlea: H. Murashita, et al.; Hear. Res. 214, 1 (2006) Abstract
The nitroxide Tempol modulates anthracycline resistance in breast cancer cells: M.B. Gariboldi, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 40, 1409 (2006) Abstract
Probing the intracellular redox status of tumors with magnetic resonance imaging and redox-sensitive contrast agents: F. Hyodo, et al.; Cancer Res. 66, 9921 (2006) Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of the stable nitroxide compound Tempol on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neurotoxicity in the Nerve Growth Factor-differentiated model of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells: T. Lipman, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 549, 50 (2006) Abstract
A mitochondria-targeted nitroxide is reduced to its hydroxylamine by ubiquinol in mitochondria: J. Trnka, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 44, 1406 (2008) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Free Radicals / Related Products
 
 
ALX-430-100 Revised 18-Feb-08
TOAC
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SYNONYMS 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid, free radical
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels
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ALX-430-100-M100   100 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H19N2O3
MW: 215.3
CAS NUMBER: 15871-57-5
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, acetone or benzene; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Nitroxide spin-labelled C α,α-disubstituted glycine derivative. Effective β-turn and 3(10)/α-helix promoter in peptides. Excellent rigid electron paramagnetic resonance probe and fluorescence quencher.
Product Specific Literature References
Crystallographic characterization of geometry and conformation of TOAC, a nitroxide spin-labelled C alpha,alpha-disubstituted glycine, in simple derivatives and model peptides: J.L. Flippen-Anderson, et al.; Int. J. Pept. Prot. Res. 47, 231 (1996) Abstract
Solution structures of TOAC-labeled Trichogin GA IV peptides from allowed (ga ca. 2) and half-field electron spin resonance: D.J. Anderson, et al.; JACS 121, 6919 (1999)
First interchain peptide interaction detected by ESR in fully synthetic, template-assisted, two-helix bundles: A. Polese, et al.; JACS 121, 11071 (1999)
Correlation between the mobility of spin-labeled peptide chains and resin solvation: an approach to optimize the synthesis of aggregating sequences: E.M. Cilli, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 64, 9118 (1999)
TOAC: a useful C<συπ>α</συπ>-tetrasubstituted α-amino acid for peptide conformational analysis by CD spectroscopy in the visible region. Part I: T.T.T. Bui, et al.; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 1043 (2000)
Electron spin resonance of TOAC labeled peptides: folding transitions and high frequency spectroscopy: J.C. McNulty, et al.; Biopolymers 55, 479 (2000) Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing the spin-labeled 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC): L. Martin, et al.; J. Pept. Res. 58, 424 (2001) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Free Radicals / Related Products
 
 
ALX-430-102 Revised 04-Jun-08
RSSR