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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-420-027 Revised 26-Mar-08
DMNQ
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SYNONYMS 2,3-Dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-420-027-M005   5 mg 68.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-027-M010   10 mg 115.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-027-M025   25 mg 225.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C12H10O4
MW: 218.2
CAS NUMBER: 6956-96-3
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: Yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone, DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. DMNQ does not react with free thiol groups, is non-alkylating and adduct-forming in contrast to other quinones. Thus, DMNQ is a valuable tool for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in order to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis and necrosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Different prooxidant levels stimulate growth, trigger apoptosis, or produce necrosis of insulin-secreting RINm5F cells: J.M. Dypbukt, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 30553 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
DNA single-strand breakage in mammalian cells induced by redox cycling quinones in the absence of oxidative stress: W.A. Morgan; J. Biochem. Toxicol. 10, 227 (1995) Abstract
Potentiation of nitric oxide synthase expression by superoxide in interleukin 1 beta-stimulated rat mesangial cells: K.F. Beck, et al.; FEBS Lett. 435, 35 (1998) Abstract
The relative importance of oxidative stress versus arylation in the mechanism of quinone-induced cytotoxicity to platelets: S.A. Seung, et al.; Chem. Biol. Interact. 113, 133 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis
 
 
ALX-430-118 Revised 14-Apr-08
ACP
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SYNONYMS 1-Acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-430-118-M010   10 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-118-M050   50 mg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-118-M250   250 mg 490.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H20N2O3
MW: 228.3
PURITY: ≤0.05% paramagnetic impurities (by EPR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, methanol, 100% ethanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Cell permeable probe for the detection of intracellular oxidative stress. ACP can easily be deprotected with esterases to cyclic hydroxylamines, which are oxidized by ROS leading to ESR-detectable nitroxide radicals.
Product Specific Literature References
Sensitive ESR determination of intracellular oxidative stress by using acyl-protected hydroxylamines as new spin reagents: O. Itoh, et al.; Chem. Lett. 304 (2000)
In vivo EPR imaging by using an acyl-protected hydroxylamine to analyze intracerebral oxidative stress in rats after epileptic seizures: H. Yokoyama, et al.; Magn. Reson. Imaging 18, 875 (2000) Abstract
Measurement of oxidative stress by EPR radical-probe technique: L. Valgimigli, et al.; Free Radical Biol. Med. 31, 708 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Pharmacokinetic study of acyl-protected hydroxylamine probe, 1-acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine, for in vivo measurements of reactive oxygen species: K. Saito, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36, 517 (2004) Abstract
 
 
ALX-480-058 Revised 18-Jun-08
8-Nitroguanine
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nucleobases
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ALX-480-058-M001   1 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H4N6O3
MW: 196.1
CAS NUMBER: 168701-80-2
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY: Slightly soluble in water (sonification).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR, MS and UV.

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
Formation of 8-nitroguanine in DNA treated with peroxynitrite in vitro and its rapid removal from DNA by depurination: V. Yermilov, et al.; FEBS Lett. 376, 207 (1995) Abstract
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of flavonoids: effects on DNA damage induced by nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and nitroxyl anion: H. Ohshima, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 1057 (1998) Abstract
Importance of guanine nitration and hydroxylation in DNA in vitro and in vivo: J. Tuo, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 29, 147 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-480-090 Revised 25-Jul-08
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
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SYNONYMS 8-OHdG
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Guanosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-090-M001   1 mg 91.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H13N5O5
MW: 283.2
CAS NUMBER: 88847-89-6
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (15mg/ml) or DMSO (12mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
8-Substituted guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine derivatives as potential inducers of the differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells: T.S. Lin, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 28, 1194 (1985) Abstract
Assay of excised oxidative DNA lesions: isolation of 8-oxoguanine and its nucleoside derivatives from biological fluids with a monoclonal antibody column: E.M. Park, et al.; PNAS 89, 3375 (1992) Abstract
Assays of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: M.K. Shigenaga, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 16 (1994) Abstract
Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery & J.M. Carney; Brain Pathol. 9, 133 (1999) Abstract
Distinct repair activities of human 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase for formamidopyrimidine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: K. Asagoshi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4956 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Efficient repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine in human and hamster xeroderma pigmentosum D cells: E. Cappelli, et al.; Biochemistry 39, 10408 (2000) Abstract
Urinary 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine--source, significance and supplements: M.S. Cooke, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 32, 381 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-480-091 Revised 28-Nov-07
8-Hydroxyguanine
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SYNONYMS 8-Oxoguanine
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine
8-oxoG
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nucleobases
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ALX-480-091-M010   10 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H5N5O2
MW: 167.1
CAS NUMBER: 5614-64-2
PURITY: ≥90% (contains <10% acetic acid)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in conc. sodium hydroxide. May be further diluted and neutralized with water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in human lung cancer: P. Jaruga, et al.; FEBS Lett. 341, 59 (1994) Abstract
Assays of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: M.K. Shigenaga, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 16 (1994) Abstract
DNA strand breakage and base modification induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment of human respiratory tract epithelial cells: J.P. Spencer, et al.; FEBS Lett. 374, 233 (1995) Abstract
DNA base modifications and membrane damage in cultured mammalian cells treated with iron ions: T.H. Zastawny, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 18, 1013 (1995) Abstract
Oxidative denitrification of the antitumour drug hydroxyguanidine: S.A. Everett, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24, 1 (1998) Abstract
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanine as biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage: H.J. Helbock, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 300, 156 (1999) Abstract
Leukemic cell line, KG-1 has a functional loss of hOGG1 enzyme due to a point mutation and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine can kill KG-1: J.W. Hyun, et al.; Oncogene 19, 4476 (2000) Abstract
Peroxynitrite-induced secondary oxidative lesions at guanine nucleobases: chemical stability and recognition by the Fpg DNA repair enzyme: N.Y. Tretyakova, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, 658 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-480-092 Revised 11-Dec-06
Hydroxymethyl uracil
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SYNONYMS 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-480-092-G001   1 g 43.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H6N2O3
MW: 142.1
CAS NUMBER: 4433-40-3
RTECS: YR0513000
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystallline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol; also soluble in PBS, pH 7.2.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at –20 °C. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in human lung cancer: P. Jaruga, et al.; FEBS Lett. 341, 59 (1994) Abstract
DNA strand breakage and base modification induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment of human respiratory tract epithelial cells: J.P. Spencer, et al.; FEBS Lett. 374, 233 (1995) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-620-061 Revised 10-Jul-08
Lucigenin
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SYNONYMS bis-N-Methylacridinium nitrate
N,N'-Dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium dinitrate
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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ALX-620-061-M010   10 mg 17.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-620-061-M050   50 mg 28.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C28H22N4O6
MW: 510.5
CAS NUMBER: 2315-97-1
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetic acid.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Chemiluminescent probe for the detection of superoxide in biological systems.
Product Specific Literature References
Validation of lucigenin (bis-N-methylacridinium) as a chemilumigenic probe for detecting superoxide anion radical production by enzymatic and cellular systems: Y. Li, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 2015 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Lucigenin as mediator of superoxide production: revisited: S.I. Liochev & I. Fridovich; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 926 (1998) Abstract
What do we measure with luminol-, lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence? 1. Investigations with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite: M. Rost, et al.; J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 13, 355 (1998) Abstract
Lucigenin is a mediator of cytochrome C reduction but not of superoxide production: I.B. Afanas'ev, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 366, 267 (1999) Abstract
Lucigenin as a substrate of microsomal NAD(P)H-oxidoreductases: I.A. Schepetkin; Biochemistry (Mosc.) 64, 25 (1999) Abstract
Validation of lucigenin as a chemiluminescent probe to monitor vascular superoxide as well as basal vascular nitric oxide production: M.P. Skatchkov, et al.; BBRC 254, 319 (1999) Abstract
Chemiluminescent detection of oxidants in vascular tissue. Lucigenin but not coelenterazine enhances superoxide formation: M.M. Tarpey, et al.; Circ. Res. 84, 1203 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Respiratory Chain Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-620-062 Revised 01-Jun-06
2-(4-Dehydroxy)coelenterazine
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SYNONYMS Coelenterazine h
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
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ALX-620-062-C050   50 µg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H21N3O2
MW: 407.5
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Yellow to orange solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol; slightly soluble in water. Avoid DMSO as product is unstable in this solvent.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas. Keep calcium free when stored in solution.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Derivative of coelenterazine (Prod. No. ALX-620-063) with ~20 times higher luminescence intensity.
Product Specific Literature References
Semi-synthetic aequorins with improved sensitivity to Ca2+ ions: O. Shimomura, et al.; Biochem. J. 261, 913 (1989) Abstract
Preparation and handling of aequorin solutions for the measurement of cellular Ca2+: O. Shimomura; Cell Calcium 12, 635 (1991) Abstract
Imaging calcium dynamics in living plants using semi-synthetic recombinant aequorins: M.R. Knight, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 121, 83 (1993) Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals in Dictyostelium chemotaxis are mediated exclusively by Ca2+ influx: T. Nebl & P.R. Fisher; J. Cell Sci. 110, 2845 (1997) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calcium Indicators / Probes • Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-620-063 Revised 03-Feb-05
Coelenterazine
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SYNONYMS 2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(phenylmethyl)-imidazo [1,2-a] pyrazin-3-(7H)-one
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
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ALX-620-063-C050   50 µg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H21N3O3
MW: 423.5
CAS NUMBER: 55779-48-1
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Slightly soluble in methanol or ethanol. Avoid DMSO.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas. Keep calcium free when stored in solution.

Product Description
Cell permeable, very sensitive and specific chemiluminescence probe of the superoxide anion and peroxynitrite. When oxidized by oxygen it emits blue light at 446nm when Ca2+ binds to the complex. Powerful antioxidant. See also 2-(4-Dehydroxy)coelenterazine (Prod. No. ALX-620-062).
Product Specific Literature References
Use of calcium-regulated photoproteins as intracellular Ca2+ indicators: J.R. Blinks; Meth. Enzymol. 172, 164 (1989) Abstract
Slow calcium waves accompany cytokinesis in medaka fish eggs: R.A. Fluck, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 115, 1259 (1991) Abstract
Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe: its usefulness in the assay of respiratory burst in neutrophils: M. Lucas & F. Solano; Anal. Biochem. 206, 273 (1992) Abstract
Aequorin-expressing mammalian cell lines used to report Ca2+ mobilization: D. Button & M. Brownstein; Cell Calcium 14, 663 (1993) Abstract
Imaging [Ca2+]i with aequorin using a photon imaging detector: A.L. Miller, et al.; Meth. Cell Biol. 40, 305 (1994) Abstract
Intracellular free calcium level and its response to cAMP stimulation in developing Dictyostelium cells transformed with jellyfish apoaequorin cDNA: S. Saran, et al.; FEBS Lett. 337, 43 (1994) Abstract
The origins of marine bioluminescence: turning oxygen defence mechanisms into deep-sea communication tools: J.F. Rees, et al.; J. Exp. Biol. 201, 1211 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Chemiluminescent detection of oxidants in vascular tissue. Lucigenin but not coelenterazine enhances superoxide formation: M.M. Tarpey, et al.; Circ. Res. 84, 1203 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calcium Indicators / Probes • Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • Luciferin & Luciferase / Related Products • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-620-072 Revised 03-Sep-08
ZnAF-2 . tetrahydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 6-[N-[N',N'-bis(2-Pyridinylmethyl)-2-aminoethyl]amino-3',6'-dihydroxy-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one . 4 HCl
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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