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Phosphatases / Related Products
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ALX-380-065 Revised 24-Sep-08
Fostriecin
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SYNONYMS Phosphotrienin
CI-920
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-065-C010   10 µg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H26O9PNa
MW: 452.4
CAS NUMBER: 87860-39-7
RTECS: UQ0600000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces pulveraceous subsp. fostreus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Colorless solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (50mg/ml), methanol (10mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year when stored at -20°C. Use fresh solution.
HANDLING: Protect from light. Packaged under inert gas. Hygroscopic.

Product Description
Antitumor antibiotic. Catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II. Strong protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor (IC50=3.2nM). Weak inhibitor for PP1 (IC50=131µM). No apparent effect on PP2B. The binding site for fostriecin on PP2A is different from that of okadaic acid (see Prod. No. ALX-350-003).
Product Specific Literature References
Novel antitumor agents CI-920, PD 113,270 and PD 113,271. II. Isolation and characterization: S.S. Stampwala, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 36, 1601 (1983) Abstract
Novel antitumor agents CI-920, PD 113,270 and PD 113,271. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties: J.B. Tunac, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 36, 1595 (1983) Abstract
Studies on the biochemical mechanism of the novel antitumor agent, CI- 920: D.W. Fry, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 13, 171 (1984) Abstract
Anticancer activity of the structurally novel antibiotic Cl-920 and its analogues: W.R. Leopold, et al.; Cancer Res. 44, 1928 (1984) Abstract
Inhibition of type II topoisomerase by fostriecin: T.J. Boritzki, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 4063 (1988) Abstract
Comparison of effects of fostriecin, novobiocin, and camptothecin, inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases, on DNA replication and repair in human cells: C.M. Gedik & A.R. Collins; Nucl. Acids Res. 18, 1007 (1990) Abstract
The cell cycle related differences in susceptibility of HL-60 cells to apoptosis induced by various antitumor agents: W. Gorczyca, et al.; Cancer Res. 53, 3186 (1993) Abstract
Induction of DNA strand breaks associated with apoptosis during treatment of leukemias: W. Gorczyca, et al.; Leukemia 7, 659 (1993) Abstract
Antitumor drug fostriecin inhibits the mitotic entry checkpoint and protein phosphatases 1 and 2A: M. Roberge, et al.; Cancer Res. 54, 6115 (1994) Abstract
Fostriecin: a review of the preclinical data: R.S. de Jong, et al.; Anticancer Drugs 8, 413 (1997) Abstract
Fostriecin, an antitumor antibiotic with inhibitory activity against serine/threonine protein phosphatases types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), is highly selective for PP2A: A.H. Walsh, et al.; FEBS Lett. 416, 230 (1997) Abstract
Fostriecin, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, limits myocardial infarct size even when administered after onset of ischemia: C. Weinbrenner, et al.; Circulation 98, 899 (1998) Abstract
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor fostriecin: R.S. de Jong, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 79, 882 (1999) Abstract
Fostriecin: chemistry and biology: D.S. Lewy, et al.; Curr. Med. Chem. 9, 2005 (2002) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • PP2A / Related Products • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors) • Antitumor Antibiotics
 
 
ALX-350-113 Revised 28-May-08
Gossypol
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SYNONYMS 2,2’-bis[8-Formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-
methylnaphthalene]
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-113-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H30O8
MW: 518.6
CAS NUMBER: 303-45-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4528
RTECS: DU3100000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Gossypium genus, Malvaceae.
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone or DMSO; sparingly soluble in 100% ethanol (2mg/ml) or methanol (2mg/ml). Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. HARMFUL.

Product Description
Mixture of ~65% (+)- and ~35% (-)-enantiomers. Male antifertility agent. Shows antitumor, antiviral and antioxidant actions. Small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL. Induces apoptosis. Synergizes with radiation and chemotherapy in vitro. Reversible inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B; calcineurin). Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor.
Product Specific Literature References
Binding of gossypol to purified tubulin and inhibition of its assembly into microtubules: F.J. Medrano and J.M. Andreu; Eur. J. Biochem. 158, 63 (1986) Abstract
Differential inhibition of protein kinase C subtypes: J.M. Pelosin, et al.; BBRC 169, 1040 (1990) Abstract
Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell death in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C: W.D. Jarvis, et al.; Cancer Res. 54, 1707 (1994) Abstract
Gossypol arrests human benign prostatic hyperplastic cell growth at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle: F. Shidaifat, et al.; Anticancer Res. 17, 1003 (1997) Abstract
Inhibition of huntingtin fibrillogenesis by specific antibodies and small molecules: implications for Huntington’s disease therapy: V. Heiser, et al.; PNAS 97, 6739 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Cytotoxic effect of gossypol on colon carcinoma cells: X. Wang, et al.; Life Sci. 67, 2663 (2000) Abstract
Reversible inhibition of calcineurin by the polyphenolic aldehyde gossypol: R. Baumgrass, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 47914 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to the plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani: L.S. Puckhaber, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 7017 (2002) Abstract
Telomerase inhibitors in anticancer therapy: gossypol as a potential telomerase inhibitor: M. Mego; Bratisl. Lek. Listy 103, 378 (2002) Abstract
An in vitro study of inhibitory activity of gossypol, a cottonseed extract, in human carcinoma cell lines: M. Le Blanc, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 46, 551 (2002) Abstract
Gossypol induces chloride secretion in rat proximal colon: G. Kuhn, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 457, 187 (2002) Abstract
Determination of the absolute configuration and solution conformation of gossypol by vibrational circular dichroism: T.B. Freedman, et al.; Chirality 15, 196 (2003) Abstract
In vitro effects of the BH3 mimetic, (-)-gossypol, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells: C.L. Oliver, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 7757 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
The inhibitory effects of gossypol on human prostate cancer cells-PC3 are associated with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) signal transduction pathway: J. Jiang, et al.; Anticancer Res. 24, 19 (2004) Abstract
(-)-Gossypol enhances response to radiation therapy and results in tumor regression of human prostate cancer: L. Xu, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 197 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Investigations on gossypol: past and present developments: K. Dodou; Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 14, 1419 (2005) Abstract
An in vitro study of cytotoxic effects of gossypol on human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell line (HEp-2): E. Konac, et al.; Exp. Oncol. 27, 81 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Bcl-2 Family Modulators • PKC Inhibitors • Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors • PP2B [Calcineurin] / Related Products • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Polyphenols Other Products • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antiviral / anti-HIV Agents
 
 
ALX-850-325 Revised 25-Jul-07
Hepatotox Set™ 1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-850-325-KI01   1 Set 650.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena.
KIT/SET CONTAINS: Microcystin-LA (25µg)
Microcystin-LF (25µg)
Microcystin-LR (50µg)
Microcystin-LW (25µg)
Microcystin-LY (25µg)
Microcystin-RR (50µg)
Microcystin-YR (25µg)
Nodularin (50µg)
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-096 Revised 11-Jan-08
Microcystin-LA
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-096-C025   25 µg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-096-C100   100 µg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C46H67N7O12
MW: 910.0
CAS NUMBER: 96180-79-9
RTECS: GT2805000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Whitish film adhered to inside of the vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months when stored at -20°C. Unstable at pH>7.7.
HANDLING: For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.

Product Description
Analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-012) with Ala substituted in place of Arg. Inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 3 (PP3) more potently than protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Ozonation of toxic water samples does lead to a complete loss of the microcystins and their toxicity.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of cyanoginosin-LA, a cyclic heptapeptide toxin from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: D.P. Botes et al.; J. Chem. Soc. 1, 2311 (1984)
Microcystin composition of an axenic clonal strain of Microcystis viridis and Microcystis viridis - containing waterblooms in Japanese freshwaters: K. Kaya and M.M. Watanabe; J. App. Phycol. 2007, 173 (1990)
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of analogues of the serine-threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2A selective inhibitor microcystin LA: rational modifications imparting PP1 selectivity: J.B. Aggen, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 7, 543 (1999) Abstract
Treatment options for microcystin toxins: similarities and differences between variants: G. Newcombe, et al.; Environ. Technol. 24, 299 (2003) Abstract
Decrease in toxicity of microcystins LA and LR in drinking water by ozonation: S. Brooke, et al.; Toxicon. 48, 1054 (2006) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-081 Revised 30-Jun-08
Microcystin-LF
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-081-C025   25 µg 135.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-081-C100   100 µg 390.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C52H71N7O12
MW: 986.2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Whitish film adhered to inside of the vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable in solution for at least 4 weeks when stored at -20 °C.
HANDLING: For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
HAZARD: HIGHLY IRRITANT. VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by MS.

Product Description
Analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-012) with Phe substituted in place of Arg. Hydrophobic and believed to be more cell permeable than other microcystins. More toxic than the more hydrophilic analogs such as microcystin-LR and microcystin-LY.
Product Specific Literature References
Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Analyst 119, 1525 (1994) Abstract
First report of microcystins from a Brazilian isolate of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: S.M.F.O. Azevedo, et al.; J. Appl. Phycology 6, 261 (1994)
Isolation and characterization of microcystins from laboratory cultures and environmental samples of Microcystis aeruginosa and from an associated animal toxicosis: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Nat. Toxins 3, 50 (1995) Abstract
Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis: C.J. Ward & G.A. Codd; J. Appl. Microbiol. 86, 874 (1999) Abstract
Detection and quantification of microcystins (cyanobacterial hepatotoxins) with recombinant antibody fragments isolated from a naive human phage display library: J. McElhiney, et al.; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 193, 83 (2000) Abstract
Pseudodiarrhoea in zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) exposed to microcystins: G. Juhel, et al.; J. Exp. Biol. 209, 810 (2006) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-012 Revised 23-Oct-08
Microcystin-LR
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-012-C050   50 µg 24.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-012-C100   100 µg 46.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-012-C500   500 µg 175.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-012-M001   1 mg 330.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C49H74N10O12
MW: 995.2
CAS NUMBER: 101043-37-2
RTECS: GT2810000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Whitish film adhered to inside of the vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months when stored at -20°C. Unstable at pH>7.7.
HANDLING: For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.

Product Description
Heptapeptide ester hepatotoxin. Tumor promoter. Equally potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). PP2B is less sensitive and PP2C is not inhibited up to 4µM. Useful for affinity-purification of PP2A. The product is not cell permeable except in liver cells, which appear to have a functional uptake system. Has no effect on protein kinases. Less toxic than the more hydrophobic analogs microcystin-LY, -LW and -LF. Frequently contaminates fresh-water lakes and ponds. Causes livestock poisonings. Ozonation did lead to complete loss of toxicity and toxins from contaminated samples.
Product Specific Literature References
Structural studies on cyanoginosins-LR, -YR, -YA, and -YM, peptide toxins from Microcystis aeruginosa: D.P. Botes, et al.; JCS Perkin Trans. I, 2747 (1985)
Nodularin, microcystin, and the configuration of Adda: K.L. Rinehart, et al.; JACS 110, 8557 (1988)
Characterization of microcystin-LR, a potent inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases: R.E. Honkanen, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 265, 19401 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants: C. MacKintosh, et al.; FEBS Lett. 264, 187 (1990) Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A is a specific protamine-kinase-inactivating phosphatase: G.D. Amick, et al.; Biochem. J. 287, 1019 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for the regulation of exocytic transport by protein phosphorylation: H.W. Davidson, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 116, 1343 (1992) Abstract
Liver tumor promotion by the cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin-LR: R. Nishiwaki-Matsushima, et al.; J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 118, 420 (1992) Abstract
Two significant aspects of microcystin-LR: specific binding and liver specificity: R. Nishiwaki, et al.; Cancer Lett. 83, 283 (1994) Abstract
Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis: C.J. Ward & G.A. Codd; J. Appl. Microbiol. 86, 874 (1999) Abstract
Unique features of the okadaic acid activity class of tumor promoters: H. Fujiki & M. Suganuma; J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 125, 150 (1999), Review Abstract
The toxicology of microcystin-LR: occurrence, toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, diagnosis and treatment: K. Bischoff; Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 43, 294 (2001), Review Abstract
Negative regulation of ERK and Elk by protein kinase B modulates c-Fos transcription: I. Galetic, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 4416 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Decrease in toxicity of microcystins LA and LR in drinking water by ozonation: S. Brooke, et al.; Toxicon. 48, 1054 (2006) Abstract
Mitochondria a key role in microcystin-LR kidney intoxication: R. La-Salete, et al.; J. Appl. Toxicol. 28, 55 (2008) Abstract
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-080 Revised 11-Jan-08
Microcystin-LW
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-080-C025   25 µg 135.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-080-C100   100 µg 390.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C54H72N8O12
MW: 1025.2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Whitish film adhered to inside of the vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-012) with Trp substituted in place of Arg. Hydrophobic and believed to be more cell permeable than other microcystins. May prove useful in biochemical studies in intact cells. Microcystin-LW has a characteristically different absorption spectrum compared to other microcystins, making it a useful reference compound for HPLC analysis. The Trp confers an absorption maximum at 222nm, whereas most microcystins have a characteristic maximum at 239nm.
Product Specific Literature References
Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Analyst 119, 1525 (1994) Abstract
Isolation and characterization of microcystins from laboratory cultures and environmental samples of Microcystis aeruginosa and from an associated animal toxicosis: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Nat. Toxins 3, 50 (1995) Abstract
Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis: C.J. Ward & G.A. Codd; J. Appl. Microbiol. 86, 874 (1999) Abstract
Detection and quantification of microcystins (cyanobacterial hepatotoxins) with recombinant antibody fragments isolated from a naive human phage display library: J. McElhiney, et al.; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 193, 83 (2000) Abstract
Related Products