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ALX-380-026 Revised 26-Jun-08
Monensin . sodium salt
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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ALX-380-026-M100   100 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-026-G001   1 g 63.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C36H61O11 . Na
MW: 669.9 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 22373-78-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6246
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform or DMSO. Clear solution (5%) in methanol with heat. Slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Antibiotic that functions as Na+ ionophore. Blocks glycoprotein secretion. Inhibits proliferation of several lymphoma cell lines through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Monensin, a new biologically active compound. I. Discovery and isolation: M. E. Haney, Jr. & M. M. Hoehn; Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. (Bethesda) 7, 349 (1967) Abstract
Solution chemistry of monensin and its alkali metal ion complexes. Potentiometric and spectroscopic studies
:
P.G. Gertenbach & A.I. Popov; JACS 97, 4738 (1975)
Undersulfated proteoglycans are secreted by cultured chondrocytes in the presence of the ionophore monensin: K. Tajiri, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6036 (1980) Abstract; Full Text
Expression of membrane IGM by a human B lymphoblastoid cell line in the presence of monensin: R.T. Kubo and M.L. Pigeon; Mol. Immunol. 20, 345 (1983) Abstract
Alteration of intracellular traffic by monensin; mechanism, specificity and relationship to toxicity: H. H. Mollenhauer, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1031, 225 (1990), Review Abstract
Monensin-mediated growth inhibition in human lymphoma cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis: W. H. Park, et al.; Br. J. Haematol. 119, 400 (2002) Abstract
 
 
ALX-380-028 Revised 02-Apr-08
Puromycin . dihydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 3'-[[2-Amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxopropyl]amino]-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-adenosine . 2HCl
3'-(α-Amino-p-methoxy-hydrocinnamamido-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-adenosine . 2HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-028-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-028-M025   25 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-028-M100   100 mg 98.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-028-M500   500 mg 310.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-028-G001   1 g 410.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H29N7O5 . 2HCl
MW: 471.5 . 73.0
CAS NUMBER: 58-58-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7943
RTECS: AU7355000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces alboniger.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from moisture.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Interferes with protein formation by interfering with the function of RNA in the cells involved. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Unexpected cytokinetic effects induced by puromycin include a G2- arrest, a metaphase-mitotic-arrest, and apoptosis: A.N. Davidoff & B.V. Mendelow; Leuk. Res. 16, 1077 (1992) Abstract
Specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis: S.H. Kaufmann, et al.; Cancer Res. 53, 3976 (1993) Abstract
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase. Sequence analysis, expression, and functional characterization: D.B. Constam, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26931 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Reevaluation of the role of de novo protein synthesis in rat thymocyte apoptosis: S.C. Chow, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 216, 149 (1995) Abstract
Cell proliferation and apoptosis of the glomerular epithelial cells in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis: H. Shiiki, et al.; Pathobiology 66, 221 (1998) Abstract
Increased Apoptosis in Acute Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephrosis: L. Fernandez, et al.; Exp. Nephrol. 9, 99 (2001) Abstract
Puromycin Aminonucleoside Induces Glomerular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis: V. Sanwal, et al.; Exp. Mol. Pathol. 70, 54 (2001) Abstract
Inhibition of puromycin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by IGF-I occurs simultaneously with increased protein synthesis: G. Soderlund, et al.; Neoplasma 51, 1 (2004) Abstract
 
 
ALX-380-030 Revised 17-Oct-07
Bafilomycin A1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - ATPase Inhibitors
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ALX-380-030-C100   100 µg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-030-M001   1 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C35H58O9
MW: 622.8
CAS NUMBER: 88899-55-2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces griseus.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Macrolide antibiotic that acts as a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. Valuable tool for distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Inhibitor of endosomal acidification.
Product Specific Literature References
Metabolic products of microorganisms. 224. Bafilomycins, a new group of macrolide antibiotics. Production, isolation, chemical structure and biological activity: G. Werner, et al.; J. Antibiot. 37, 110 (1984) Abstract
Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells: E.J. Bowman, et al.; PNAS 85, 7972 (1988) Abstract
The evolution of H+-ATPases [see comments]: N. Nelson & L. Taiz; TIPS 14, 113 (1989), (Review) Abstract
Kinetic studies of chromaffin granule H+-ATPase and effects of bafilomycin A1: H. Hanada, et al.; BBRC 170, 873 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of osteoclast proton transport by bafilomycin A1 abolishes bone resorption: K. Sundqui, et al.; BBRC 168, 309 (1990) Abstract
The cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin and its degradation in intact Vero cells are inhibited by bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase: T. Umata, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 265, 21940 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the targeting of lysosomal acid hydrolases in cultured hepatocytes: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 178, 369 (1991) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells: T. Yoshimori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 17707 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Inhibitory effect of modified bafilomycins and concanamycins on P- and V-type adenosinetriphosphatases: S. Drose, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 3902 (1993) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, blocks lysosomal cholesterol trafficking in macrophages: T. Furuchi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 27345 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin inhibits proton flow through the H+ channel of vacuolar proton pumps: B.P. Crider, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17379 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Active vacuolar H+ATPase is required for both endocytic and exocytic processes during viral infection of BHK-21 cells: H. Palokangas, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17577 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Inositol trisphosphate-dependent and -independent Ca2+ mobilization pathways at the vacuolar membrane of Candida albicans: C.M. Calvert & D. Sanders; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7272 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 differentially affects proteolytic processing of mutant and wild-type beta-amyloid precursor protein: C. Haass, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6186 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Cell-type and amyloid precursor protein-type specific inhibition of A beta release by bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases: J. Knops, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2419 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Specific inhibitors of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases induce apoptotic cell death: T. Nishihara, et al.; BBRC 212, 255 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis by bafilomycin A1 in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: A.J. Saurin, et al.; Biochem. J. 313, 65 (1996) Abstract
Autophagy, bafilomycin and cell death: the "a-B-cs" of plecomacrolide-induced neuroprotection: J.J. Shacka, et al.; Autophagy 2, 228 (2006), Review Abstract
Bafilomycin A1-sensitive pathway is required for the maturation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: T. Okiyoneda, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1763, 1017 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-380-031 Revised 29-Apr-08
Cytochalasin D
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics for Cytoskeletal Research
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ALX-380-031-M001   1 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-031-M005   5 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H37NO6
MW: 507.6
CAS NUMBER: 22144-77-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2790
RTECS: GZ4850000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Zygosporium mansonii.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (10mg/ml); slighly soluble in DMSO (2mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Antibiotic. Is ~10-fold more potent than cytochalasin B (Prod. No. ALX-380-012) in inhibiting actin filament function, but does not inhibit sugar transport in cells. Inactivates low conductance K+ channels. Modulates CD4 cross-linking in T-lymphocytes and increases intracellular Ca2+ levels. Exhibits antitumor activity. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Antitumor activity of cytochalasin D: K. Katagiri & S. Matsuura; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 24, 722 (1971) Abstract
Effects of cytochalasin and phalloidin on actin: J.A. Cooper; J. Cell. Biol. 105, 1473 (1987) Abstract
Cytochalasin D modulates CD4 crosslinking sensitive mitogenic signal in T lymphocytes: A. Aszalos, et al.; Cell Immunol. 157, 81 (1994) Abstract
Involvement of actin cytoskeleton in modulation of apical K channel activity in rat collecting duct: W.H. Wang, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 267, F592 (1994) Abstract
Myosin-actin interaction plays an important role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 release from host cells: H. Sasaki, et al.; PNAS 92, 2026 (1995) Abstract
Signaling pathways involved in thrombin-induced cell protection: F.M. Donovan & D.D. Cunningham; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12746 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
The role of actin-binding protein 280 in integrin-dependent mechanoprotection: M. Glogauer, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 1689 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Disruption of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin D leads to activation of p53: S.N. Rubtsova, et al.; FEBS Lett. 430, 353 (1998) Abstract
Hexokinase translocation during neutrophil activation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis: disruption by cytochalasin D, dexamethasone, and indomethacin: J.B. Huang, et al.; Cell Immunol. 218, 95 (2002) Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin and decidualization in vitro inhibits cytochalasin-D-induced apoptosis in cultured endometrial stromal fibroblasts: A. Jasinska, et al.; Endocrinology 147, 4112 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-380-041 Revised 08-Aug-08
Tautomycin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-380-041-C025   25 µg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-041-C050   50 µg 235.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-041-C100   100 µg 440.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C41H66O13
MW: 767.0
CAS NUMBER: 109946-35-2
RTECS: WX1000000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces spiroverticillatus.
PURITY: ≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Cell permeable, potent protein phosphatase inhibitor. Apoptosis inducer. Mixture of two isomers.
Product Specific Literature References
A new antibiotic, tautomycin: X.C. Cheng, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 40, 907 (1987) Abstract
Comparison of the effect of tautomycin and phorbol ester on protein kinase C in a cell-free system: J. Magae, et al.; J. Antibiot. 42, 1290 (1989) Abstract
Tautomycin from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillatus. Another potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A: C. MacKintosh & S. Klumpp; FEBS Lett. 277, 137 (1990) Abstract
Myosin light chain phosphatase activities and the effects of phosphatase inhibitors in tonic and phasic smooth muscle: M.C. Gong, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 14662 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
Structurally different members of the okadaic acid class selectively inhibit protein serine/threonine but not tyrosine phosphatase activity: M. Suganuma, et al.; Toxicon 30, 873 (1992) Abstract
Molecular shape analysis and activity of tautomycin, a protein phosphatase inhibitor: Y. Sugiyama, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6, 3 (1996)
The apoptosis-inducing activity of the two protein phosphatase inhibitors, tautomycin and thyrsiferyl 23-acetate, is not due to the inhibition of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A: K. Kikuchi, et al.; Int. J. Mol. Med. 4, 395 (1999), Review Abstract
 
 
ALX-380-042 Revised 05-May-08
Doxorubicin . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS DXR . HCl
14-Hydroxydaunomycin . HCl
Adriamycin . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Antibiotics
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M010   10 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M025   25 mg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H29NO11 . HCl
MW: 543.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 25316-40-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3439
RTECS: QI9295900
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Antitumor antibiotic. Induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II. Binds covalently to DNA. Inhbibits reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase and the catalytic activity of Dnmt1. Immunosuppressive. Antineoplastic. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Adriamycin and daunomycin induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in tumour cells: A. Skladanowski & J. Konopa; Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 375 (1993) Abstract
A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin: D.A. Gewirtz; Biochem. Pharmacol. 57, 727 (1999) Abstract
Doxorubicin treatment activates a Z-VAD-sensitive caspase, which causes deltapsim loss, caspase-9 activity, and apoptosis in Jurkat cells: S. Gamen, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 258, 223 (2000) Abstract
Involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human tumor cells: Y. Lu, et al.; Mol. Carcinog. 29, 1 (2000) Abstract
Characterization of Adriamycin-Induced G2 Arrest and Its Abrogation by Caffeine in FL-Amnion Cells with or without p53: Y. Minemoto, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 262, 37 (2001) Abstract
Enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells by adriamycin: X.X. Wu, et al.; Cancer Res. 60, 2912 (2000) Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes is ameliorated by nitrone spin traps and ebselen. Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: S. Kotamraju, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33585 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
The power and potential of doxorubicin-DNA adducts: S.M. Cutts, et al.; IUBMB Life 57, 73 (2005), Review Abstract
Adriamycin-induced interference with cardiac mitochondrial calcium homeostasis: K.B. Wallace; Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 7, 101 (2007), Review Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy from the cardiotoxic mechanisms to managemen: G. Takemura & H. Fujiwara; Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 49, 330 (2007), Review Abstract
 
 
ALX-380-043 Revised 03-Apr-08
Daunorubicin . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS Daunomycin . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Antibiotics
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ALX-380-043-M010   10 mg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H29NO10 . HCl
MW: 527.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 23541-50-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2832
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces spec.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Orange to red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description

Anthracycline anticancer antibiotic. Induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase I and II. Inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis. Induces DNA single strand breaks and apoptosis in tumor cells.

Product Specific Literature References
Ceramide synthase mediates daunorubicin-induced apoptosis: an alternative mechanism for generating death signals: R. Bose, et al.; Cell 82, 405 (1995) Abstract
Daunorubicin activates NFkappaB and induces kappaB-dependent gene expression in HL-60 promyelocytic and Jurkat T lymphoma cells: M.P. Boland, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 12952 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Alteration of the daunorubicin-triggered sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway and apoptosis in MDR cells: influence of drug transport abnormalities: M.G. Come, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 81, 580 (1999) Abstract
A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin: D.A. Gewirtz; Biochem. Pharmacol. 57, 727 (1999) Abstract
Altered multidrug resistance phenotype caused by anthracycline analogues and cytosine arabinoside in myeloid leukemia: X.F. Hu, et al.; Blood 93, 4086 (1999) Abstract
Implication of radical oxygen species in ceramide generation, c-Jun N- terminal kinase activation and apoptosis induced by daunorubicin: V. Mansat-de Mas, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 56, 867 (1999) Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway is activated by daunorubicin in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines: I. Plo, et al.; FEBS Lett 452, 150 (1999) Abstract
Caspase-3-like activity is necessary but not sufficient for daunorubicin-induced apoptosis in Jurkat human lymphoblastic leukemia cells: K.J. Turnbull, et al.; Leukemia 13, 1056 (1999) Abstract
Regulation of phospholipase D activity and ceramide production in daunorubicin-induced apoptosis in A-431 cells: J. Chen, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1488, 219 (2000) Abstract
Signaling pathways activated by daunorubicin:: G. Laurent & J. P. Jaffrezou; Blood 98, 913 (2001), Review Abstract
 
 
ALX-380-047 Revised 20-Feb-08
Tunicamycin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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ALX-380-047-M010   10 mg 82.00 USD Add To Cart