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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-270-254 Revised 22-Sep-08
Carnosol
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SYNONYMS 1,3,4,9,10,10aS-Hexahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2H-9S,4aR-(epoxymethano)phenanthren-12-one
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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ALX-270-254-M001   1 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-254-M005   5 mg 269.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H26O4
MW: 330.4
CAS NUMBER: 5957-80-2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: White to beige solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (8mg/ml), DMSO (250mg/ml) or dimethyl formamide (35mg/ml); sparingly soluble in aqueous PBS, pH 7.2 (<30μg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year when stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing aqueous solutions for more than one day.
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Naturally occurring phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) gene expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Inhibits lipid peroxidation. Antimicrobial. Anticarcinogenic. Inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Product Specific Literature References
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid: O.I. Aruoma, et al.; Xenobiotica 22, 257 (1992) Abstract
Effects of three dietary phytochemicals from tea, rosemary and turmeric on inflammation-induced nitrite production: M.M. Chan, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 23 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis: H. Haraguchi, et al.; Planta Med. 61, 333 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition by rosemary and carnosol of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis and in vivo DMBA-DNA adduct formation: K. Singletary, et al.; Cancer Lett. 104, 43 (1996) Abstract
Development of in vitro models for cellular and molecular studies in toxicology and chemoprevention: K. Macé, et al.; Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 20, 227 (1998) Abstract
Carnosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse macrophages: A.H. Lo, et al.; Carcinogenesis 23, 983 (2002) Abstract
Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: O. Rau, et al.; Planta Med. 72, 881 (2006) Abstract
Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis: K. Horiuchi, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 287 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Lipid Peroxidation • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • COX Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-460-004 Revised 11-Jul-07
β-Carotene
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SYNONYMS Provitamin A
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Retinol [Vitamin A] & Retinol Derivatives / Related Products
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ALX-460-004-G005   5 g 65.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C40H56
MW: 536.9
CAS NUMBER: 7235-40-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1853
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Red powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, n-hexane, carbon disulfide, benzene or vegetable oils; slightly soluble in ether, petroleum ether or oils; almost insoluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, water, diluted acidic or alkaline solutions.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Absorbs oxygen from air. Keep under inert gas.

Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Antioxidants • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Vitamins
 
 
ALX-201-093 Revised 15-Apr-08
Caspase-4 (active) (human) (recombinant)
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PRODUCT LINE Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY Caspases
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ALX-201-093-U025   25 U 203.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-201-093-U100   100 U 371.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
EC: 3.4.22.57
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in E. coli.
PURITY: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with PBS containing 15% glycerol to 1U/µl.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ~5'000U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that cleaves 1nmol of the caspase substrate WEHD-pNA per hour at 37°C in reaction solution containing 50mM HEPES, pH 7.2, 50mM NaCl, 0.1% CHAPS, 10mM EDTA, 5% glycerol and 10mM DTT.
APPLICATION: Useful in screening caspase inhibitors, studying enzyme regulation and kinetics, determining target substrate or as a positive control in caspase activity assays. We recommend using 1 unit per assay for analyzing caspase activity.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
General Information
Caspase-4 is a member of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. It exists in cells as an inactive pro-enzyme. The pro-enzyme is matured by proteolysis to yield large and small subunits. The active enzyme is a heterotetramer consisting of two large and two small subunits. The expressed caspase-4 spontaneously undergoes auto-processing to yield subunits characteristic of the native enzyme. The active caspase-4 is routinely tested for its ability to enzymatically cleave the substrate WEHD-AFC or WEHD-pNA.
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P49662: Caspase-4 (human) (precursor)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000499: Caspase-4 (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes • Endoplasmatic Reticulum Stress • Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins
 
 
ALX-385-017 Revised 01-Apr-08
(+)-Catechin . monohydrate
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SYNONYMS (+)-3,3',4',5,7-Flavanpentol
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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ALX-385-017-G001   1 g 20.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H14O6 . H2O
MW: 290.3 . 18.0
CAS NUMBER: 88191-48-4, 225937-10-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1902
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Free radical scavenger. Has chemopreventive and antitumor properties.
Product Specific Literature References
Adjuvant chemoprevention of experimental cancer: catechin and dietary turmeric in forestomach and oral cancer models: M.A. Azuine & S.V. Bhide; J. Ethnopharmacol. 44, 211 (1994) Abstract
Chemoprevention of mammary tumor virus-induced and chemical carcinogen-induced rodent mammary tumors by natural plant products: S.V. Bhide, et al.; Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 30, 233 (1994) Abstract
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Flavonoids as anticancer agents: structure-activity relationship study: M. Lopez-Lazaro; Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents 2, 691 (2002), (Review) Abstract
In vitro biological properties of flavonoid conjugates found in vivo: G. Williamson, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 39, 457 (2005), (Review) Abstract
(+)-Catechin prevents ultraviolet B-induced human keratinocyte death via inhibition of JNK phosphorylation: W.B. Wu, et al.; Life Sci. 79, 801 (2006) Abstract
Antispasmodic, bronchodilator and vasodilator activities of (+)-catechin, a naturally occurring flavonoid: M.N. Ghayur, et al.; Arch. Pharm. Res. 30, 970 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Free Radical Scavengers • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Flavanols • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
 
 
ALX-385-002 Revised 11-Nov-08
(±)-Catechin
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SYNONYMS (±)-3,3',4',5,7-Flavanpentol
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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ALX-385-002-G001   1 g 80.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H14O6
MW: 290.3 (anhydrous basis)
CAS NUMBER: 7295-85-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1902
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by IR.

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Free radical scavenger. Has chemopreventive and antitumor properties.
Product Specific Literature References
Adjuvant chemoprevention of experimental cancer: catechin and dietary turmeric in forestomach and oral cancer models: M.A. Azuine & S.V. Bhide; J. Ethnopharmacol. 44, 211 (1994) Abstract
Chemoprevention of mammary tumor virus-induced and chemical carcinogen-induced rodent mammary tumors by natural plant products: S.V. Bhide, et al.; Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 30, 233 (1994) Abstract
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Flavonoids as anticancer agents: structure-activity relationship study: M. Lopez-Lazaro; Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents 2, 691 (2002), (Review) Abstract
In vitro biological properties of flavonoid conjugates found in vivo: G. Williamson, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 39, 457 (2005), (Review) Abstract
(+)-Catechin prevents ultraviolet B-induced human keratinocyte death via inhibition of JNK phosphorylation: W.B. Wu, et al.; Life Sci. 79, 801 (2006) Abstract
Antispasmodic, bronchodilator and vasodilator activities of (+)-catechin, a naturally occurring flavonoid: M.N. Ghayur, et al.; Arch. Pharm. Res. 30, 970 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Free Radical Scavengers • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Flavanols • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
 
 
ALX-430-131 Revised 16-Oct-08
CAT1H . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-trimethylammonium chloride . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels
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ALX-430-131-M010   10 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-131-M050   50 mg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-131-M250   250 mg 450.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C12H26N2O . 2HCl
MW: 214.4 . 72.9
APPEARANCE: Colorless crystalline solid.
PURITY DETAIL: Paramagnetic impurities ≤0.01% (EPR).
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, methanol or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from moisture.

Product Description
Cyclic hydroxylamine spin probe for in vivo, intraperitoneal and intravenous injections. Lifetime of more than 4 hours in blood plasma, in cells and tissue. Allows quantitative measurements of extracellular O2•– and quantification of intracellular O2•– in cells and tissue samples and in vivo O2•– detection.
Product Specific Literature References
Role of extracellular superoxide dismutase in hypertension: M.C. Gongora, et al.; Hypertension 48, 473 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular studies: S. Dikalov, et al.; Hypertension 49, 717 (2007) Abstract
Role of the T cell in the genesis of angiotensin II induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction: T.J. Guzik, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 204, 2449 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Mitochondrial redox cycling of mitoquinone leads to superoxide production and cellular apoptosis: A.K. Doughan & S.I. Dikalov; Antioxid. Redox Signal. 9, 1825 (2007) Abstract
 
 
ALX-430-089 Revised 19-Sep-06
CDMIO . potassium salt
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SYNONYMS 4-Carboxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-imidazole-1-oxide . K
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels
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ALX-430-089-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-089-M050   50 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C6H7N2O3 . K
MW: 156.1 . 39.1
APPEARANCE: White crystals.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, 100% ethanol and DMSO.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Water soluble, non-cell permeable spin trap. Stable against reduction by vitamin C and thiols.
Product Specific Literature References
2H-imidazole-N-oxides as spin traps: S.I. Dikalov, et al.; Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. 41, 834 (1992)
Spin trapping of O-, C-, and S-centered radicals and peroxynitrite by 2H-imidazole-1-oxides: S.I. Dikalov, et al.; BBRC 218, 616 (1996) Abstract
 
 
ALX-350-332 Revised 20-Oct-08
Celastrol
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SYNONYMS Tripterine
3-Hydroxy-24-nor-2-oxo-1(10),3,5,7-friedelatetraen-29-oic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
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ALX-350-332-M005   5 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-332-M025   25 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C29H38O4
MW: 450.6
CAS NUMBER: 34157-83-0
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the root of Tripterygium sp.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Red cubic crystals.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Cell permeable triterpenoid; anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive compound. Antioxidant. Suppresses LPS-induced cytokine release in macrophages and monocytes (IC50=40nM for IL-1β and IL-1α, 80nM for IL-6, 110nM for prostaglandin E2 and 210nM for IL-8 and TNF-α). Suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production (IC50=230nM) and LPS-induced NF-κB activation (IC50=270nM). Inhibits chymotrypsin-like activity of 20S proteasome (IC50=2.5µM). Inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by ADP and Fe2+ in rat liver mitochondria (IC50=7µM). Induces expression of a wider set of heat shock proteins. Inhibits topoisomerse II.
Product Specific Literature References
The triterpene celastrol as a very potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria: H. Sassa, et al.; BBRC 172, 890 (1990) Abstract
Structural basis of potent antiperoxidation activity of the triterpene celastrol in mitochondria: effect of negative membrane surface charge on lipid peroxidation: H. Sassa, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 17, 201 (1994) Abstract
Novel cytokine release inhibitors. Part III: Truncated analogs of tripterine: W. He, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 3659 (1998) Abstract
Celastrol, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug, as a possible treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: A.C. Allison, et al.; Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 25, 1341 (2001) Abstract
Antiinflammatory constituents of Celastrus orbiculatus inhibit the NF-kappaB activation and NO production: H.Z. Jin, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 65, 89 (2002) Abstract
Apoptosis induction in HL-60 cells and inhibition of topoisomerase II by triterpene celastrol: M. Nagase, et al.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 1883 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Celastrol inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in Crohn’s disease biopsies: G.F. Pinna, et al.; BBRC 322, 778 (2004) Abstract
Celastrols as inducers of the heat shock response and cytoprotection: S.D. Westerheide, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 56053 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Celastrol protects against MPTP- and 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity: C. Cleren, et al.; J. Neurochem. 94, 995 (2005) Abstract
Celastrol blocks neuronal cell death and extends life in transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: M. Kiaei, et al.; Neurodegener. Dis. 2, 246 (2005) Abstract
Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice: H. Yang, et al.; Cancer Res. 66, 4758 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
Celastrol, a novel triterpene, potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis and suppresses invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB-regulated gene products and TAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation: G. Sethi, et al.; Blood 109, 2727 (2007) Abstract
Induction of heat shock proteins in differentiated human and rodent neurons by celastrol: A.M. Chow & I.R. Brown; Cell Stress Chaperones 12, 237 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Stress & Heat Shock Proteins Other Products • NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Natural Products - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Ubiquitin & Proteasome Other Products • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Natural Products - Immunomodulators
 
 
ALX-350-128 Revised 03-Apr-08
Chetomin
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SYNONYMS Chaetomin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Immunomodulators
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ALX-350-128-M001   1 mg 185.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-128-M005   5 mg 495.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C31H30N6O6S4
MW: 710.9
CAS NUMBER: 1403-36-7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Chaetomium species.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to fawn solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, ethyl acetate or pyridine; fairly soluble in methanol, 100% ethanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Dithiodiketopiperazine inhibitor of HIF-1 formation by disrupting the binding of p300 to both HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Inhibitor of tumor growth. Potent immunosuppressor. Antibacterial.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of chetomin: A.G. McInnes, et al.; JACS 98, 6741 (1976)