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Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers
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ALX-105-005 Revised 20-May-08
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine
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SYNONYMS LNAL
N-Acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine
L-α-Acetamido-β-mercaptopropionic acid
NAC
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-105-005-G001   1 g 16.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-105-005-G005   5 g 27.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H9NO3S
MW: 163.2
CAS NUMBER: 616-91-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 88
RTECS: HA1660000
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 5M hydrochloric acid (hot) (100mg/ml); also soluble in water or 100% ethanol; insoluble in chloroform or ether.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Specific Literature References
Modulation of platelet function by free radicals and free-radical scavengers: D. Salvemini & R. Botting; TIPS 14, 36 (1993), (Review) Abstract
Conversion of glyceryl trinitrate to nitric oxide in tolerant and non- tolerant smooth muscle and endothelial cells: D. Salvemini, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 162 (1993) Abstract
Distinct effects of thioredoxin and antioxidants on the activation of transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-1: H. Schenk, et al.; PNAS 91, 1672 (1994) Abstract
Induction of apoptosis by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and N- acetylcysteine in vascular smooth muscle cells: J.C. Tsai, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 3667 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Supplementation of N-acetylcysteine inhibits NFkappaB activation and protects against alloxan-induced diabetes in CD-1 mice: E. Ho, et al.; Faseb. J. 13, 1845 (1999) Abstract
Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits TNF-alpha-dependent activation of NF-kappaB by increasing intracellular copper level in human aortic smooth muscle cells: A. Iseki, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 276, 88 (2000) Abstract
Suppression of NF-kappaB activation and cytokine production by N- acetylcysteine in pancreatic acinar cells: H. Kim, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 29, 674 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Special Amino Acids
 
 
ALX-153-055 Revised 25-May-07
Carnosine
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SYNONYMS β-Alanyl-L-histidine
PRODUCT LINE Nitric Oxide Pathway
PRODUCT CATEGORY Guanylyl Cyclases, Guanosine Phosphate Metabolism / Related Products
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ALX-153-055-G001   1 g 55.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-β-Ala-His-OH
FORMULA: C9H14N4O3
MW: 226.2
CAS NUMBER: 305-84-0
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 80% acetic acid (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Antioxidant. Inhibits soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by interacting with the heme iron to form a chelate complex.
Product Specific Literature References
Carnosine as a regulator of soluble guanylate cyclase: I.S. Severina, et al.; Biochemistry (Mosc) 65, 783 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products
 
 
ALX-201-172 Revised 10-Jun-05
Metallothionein-3 (human) (recombinant)
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SYNONYMS MT-3 (human) (recombinant)
Zn7-MT-3 (human) (recombinant)
Neuronal Growth Inhibitory Factor (human) (recombinant)
GIF (human) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products
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ALX-201-172-C050   50 µg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: MDPETCPCPSGGSCTCADSCKCEGCKCTSCKKSCCSCCPA-ECEKCAKDCVCKGGEAAEAEAEKCSCCQ

C259H429N77O102S21Zn7
MW: 6145 (without Zn); 6603 (incl. 7 Zn).
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in E. coli.
CONCENTRATION: 140µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE). ~7 Zn per molecule.
PURITY DETAIL: Essentially free of cadmium and copper (Cd in traces, <0.2 Cu/molecule).
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 25mM TRIS/HCl containing 50mM NaCl and 1mM DTT.
QUALITY CONTROL: SDS-PAGE, Cu/Cd/Zn-AAS, UV/VIS
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Product Description
Non-toxic ready-to-use zinc-containing metallothionein-3 (MT-3). Cadmium ions, which are present due to the protein production in animals, were removed quantitatively and replaced by the natively occurring zinc ions (only traces of Cd, Cu remain). Suited for life science research including cell culture studies. MT-3, also called neuronal growth inhibitor factor (GIF), was found to be deficient in Alzheimer's disease brains. It is to date the only MT for which biological activity is known.
Product Specific Literature References
The growth inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68 amino acid metallothionein-like protein: Y. Uchida, et al.; Neuron 7, 337 (1991) Abstract
General Information
MT-3 is a single isoform of the ubiquitously occurring metalloproteins characterized by a high metal and cysteine sulphur content. It is composed of a single polypeptide chain of 68 amino acids, 20 of which are cysteine residues and none of which are aromatic amino acids or histidine. The primary structure shows a novel Cys(6)-Pro-Cys(8)-Pro motif and two inserts, a Thr at position 5 and an acidic hexapeptide at position 55, when compared to the classical MT-1/MT-2 sequences. The presence of the two novel and conserved Pro residues has been shown to be decisive for the biological activity of MT-3. MT-3 exhibits 70% sequence identity to the MT-1/MT-2 isoforms.

The 3D structure of MT-3 with seven divalent metal ions seems to contain two separate domains (alpha and beta) with metal-thiolate clusters similar to those found in MT-1 and MT-2. The MT-3 contains one redox labile zinc ion, which is proposed to have a certain impact to its biological function. In order to keep all 7 zinc ions bound; the product is supplied in the presence of 1mM DTT as a reducing reagent.

MT-3 is a non-inducible protein primarily confined to the brain. It impairs the survival and neurite formation of cultured neurons. MT-3 was found to be deficient in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients and therefore exhibits biological activity different from that of MT-1 and MT-2.
General Literature References
Roles of the metallothionein family of proteins in the central nervous system: J. Hidalgo, et al.; Brain Res. Bull. 55, 133 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Advances in the structure and chemistry of metallothioneins: N. Romero-Isart & M. Vasak; J. Inorg. Biochem. 88, 388 (2002), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins • Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy Other Products
 
 
ALX-202-070 Revised 10-Jun-05
Metallothionein-1 (rabbit liver)
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SYNONYMS MT-1 (rabbit liver)
MT-I (rabbit liver)
MT-1A (rabbit liver)
Zn7-MT-1 (rabbit liver)
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-202-070-C500   500 µg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: 6145 (without Zn); 6603 (incl. 7 Zn).
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from rabbit liver. Mixture of MT isoforms. Contains mainly MT-1a and MT-2e and a minor portion of MT-2d. [1]
CONCENTRATION: 590µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%. ~7 Zn per molecule.
PURITY DETAIL: Essentially free of cadmium and copper (Cd in traces, <0.2 Cu/molecule).
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 25mM TRIS/HCl, pH 8.0, containing 50mM NaCl.
QUALITY CONTROL: SDS-PAGE, Cu/Cd/Zn-AAS, UV/VIS
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Product Description
Non-toxic ready-to-use zinc-containing metallothionein-1. Cadmium ions, which are present due to the protein production in animals, were removed quantitatively and replaced by the natively occurring zinc ions (only traces of Cd, Cu remain). Suited for life science research including cell culture studies.
Product Specific Literature References
Large-scale preparation of metallothionein: biological sources: M. Vasak; Methods Enzymol. 205, 39 (1991) Abstract
Standard isolation procedure for metallothionein: M. Vasak; Meth. Enzymol. 205, 41 (1991) Abstract
General Information
MT-1 is an isoform of the ubiquitously occurring metalloproteins characterized by a high metal and cysteine sulphur content. It is composed of a single polypeptide chain of 61 amino acids, 20 of which are cysteine residues and none of which are aromatic amino acids or histidine. The MT-1 fraction contains additional MT isoforms, which differ only in amino acid residues other than Cys. They are similar in sequence and therefore also in charge.

The 3D structure of the metal complex contains two separate domains, alpha and beta. The alpha-domain encloses four bivalent metal ions in the form of a Me4Cys11 cluster. The beta-domain contains an analogous Me3Cys9 cluster. Monovalent metal ions like Cu(I) can form a cluster as well, via thiolate bonds. Much of our understanding of the biological actions of MTs has arisen from the comparative analysis of the chemical and structural features.

MT-1 is expressed in almost all tissues. It is a cytosolic protein, which is up-regulated in response to many factors, including metals, hormones, inflammation related stimuli (cytokines), and stressful reagents. It is suggested that it has multiple biological roles such as, regulatory role of Zn-metabolism (zinc-finger transcription factors), regulation of metal-exchange detoxification (marker for heavy metal intoxication), protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS), adaptation to stress, anti-apoptotic effects (activation of NF-κB/interaction with p50 subunit), and in protection against anticancer treatments. [2, 3]
General Literature References
[1] Primary structures of seven metallothioneins from rabbit tissue: P.E. Hunziker, et al.; Biochem. J. 306, 265 (1995) Abstract
[2] Nuclear localization of metallothionein during cell proliferation and differentiation: M.G. Cherian & M.D. Apostolova; Cell. Mol. Biol. 46, 347 (2000), (Review) Abstract
[3] Roles of the metallothionein family of proteins in the central nervous system: J. Hidalgo, et al.; Brain Res. Bull. 55, 133 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Proteins • Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy Other Products
 
 
ALX-202-071 Revised 10-Jun-05
Metallothionein-2 (rabbit liver)
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SYNONYMS MT-2 (rabbit liver)
MT-II (rabbit liver)
MT-2A (rabbit liver)
Zn7-MT-2 (rabbit liver)
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products
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ALX-202-071-C500   500 µg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: 6145 (without Zn); 6603 (incl. 7 Zn).
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from rabbit liver. Mixture of MT isoforms. Contains mainly MT-2a and minor portions of MT-2b and MT-2c. [1]
CONCENTRATION: 638µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%. ~7 Zn per molecule.
PURITY DETAIL: Essentially free of cadmium and copper (Cd in traces, <0.2 Cu/molecule).
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 25mM TRIS/HCl, pH 8.0, 50mM NaCl.
QUALITY CONTROL: SDS-PAGE, Cu/Cd/Zn-AAS, UV/VIS
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Description
Non-toxic ready-to-use zinc-containing metallothionein-2. Cadmium ions, which are present due to the protein production in animals, were removed quantitatively and replaced by the natively occurring zinc ions (only traces of Cd, Cu remain). Suited for life science research including cell culture studies.
Product Specific Literature References
Large-scale preparation of metallothionein: biological sources: M. Vasak; Methods Enzymol. 205, 39 (1991) Abstract
Standard isolation procedure for metallothionein: M. Vasak; Meth. Enzymol. 205, 41 (1991) Abstract
General Information
MT-2 is an isoform of the ubiquitously occurring metalloproteins characterized by a high metal and cysteine sulphur content. It is composed of a single polypeptide chain of 61 amino acids, 20 of which are cysteine residues and none of which are aromatic amino acids or histidine. The MT-2 fraction contains additional MT isoforms, which differ only in amino acid residues other than Cys. They are similar in sequence and therefore also in charge.

The 3D structure of the metal complex contains two separate domains, alpha and beta. The alpha-domain encloses four bivalent metal ions in the form of a Me4Cys11 cluster. The beta-domain contains an analogous Me3Cys9 cluster. Monovalent ions like Cu(I) can form a cluster as well, via thiolate bonds. Much of our understanding of the biological actions of MTs has arisen from the comparative analysis of the chemical and structural features.

MT-2 is expressed in almost all tissues. It is a cytosolic protein, which is up-regulated in response to many factors, including metals, hormones, inflammation related stimuli (cytokines), and stressful reagents. It is suggested that it has multiple biological roles such as, regulatory role of Zn-metabolism (zinc-finger transcription factors), regulation of metal-exchange detoxification (marker for heavy metal intoxication), protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS), adaptation to stress, anti-apoptotic effects (activation of NF-κB/interaction with p50 subunit), and in protection against anticancer treatments. [2, 3]
General Literature References
[1] Primary structures of seven metallothioneins from rabbit tissue: P.E. Hunziker, et al.; Biochem J. 306, 265 (1995) Abstract
[2] Nuclear localization of metallothionein during cell proliferation and differentiation: M.G. Cherian & M.D. Apostolova; Cell. Mol. Biol. 46, 347 (2000), (Review) Abstract
[3] Roles of the metallothionein family of proteins in the central nervous system: J. Hidalgo, et al.; Brain Res. Bull. 55, 133 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Proteins • Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-097 Revised 07-Sep-06
Ebselen
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SYNONYMS 2-Phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
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ALX-270-097-M001   1 mg 12.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-097-M005   5 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-097-M025   25 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H9NOSe
MW: 274.2
CAS NUMBER: 60940-34-3
PURITY: ≥98% (NMR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Selenium-based inhibitor of protein kinase C, NADPH, 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase (COX) and NADPH oxidase. Anti-inflammatory antioxidant. Mimics glutathione peroxidase. Inhibits oxidative modifications of low density lipoproteins (LDL).
Product Specific Literature References
A novel biologically active seleno-organic compound--III. Effects of PZ 51 (Ebselen) on glutathione peroxidase and secretory activities of mouse macrophages: M.J. Parnham & S. Kindt; Biochem. Pharmacol. 33, 3247 (1984) Abstract
Seleno-organic compounds and the therapy of hydroperoxide-linked pathological conditions: M.J. Parnham & E. Graf; Biochem. Pharmacol. 36, 3095 (1987) Abstract
Kinetic mechanism and substrate specificity of glutathione peroxidase activity of ebselen (PZ51): M. Maiorino, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 2267 (1988) Abstract
Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of ebselen. Ebselen interferes with granulocyte oxidative burst by dual inhibition of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C?: I.A. Cotgreave, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 38, 649 (1989) Abstract
T. Nikawa, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 47, 1007 (1994) Abstract
Effects of ebselen and probucol on oxidative modifications of lipid and protein of low density lipoprotein induced by free radicals: N. Noguchi, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1213, 176 (1994) Abstract
Strong inhibition of mammalian lipoxygenases by the antiinflammatory seleno-organic compound ebselen in the absence of glutathione: C. Schewe, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 48, 65 (1994) Abstract
Ebselen: a glutathione peroxidase mimic: H. Sies; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 476 (1994) Abstract
Molecular actions of ebselen-an antiinflammatory antioxidant: T. Schewe; Gen. Pharmacol. 26, 1153 (1995) Abstract
Ebselen: H. Sies; Meth. Enzymol. 252, 341 (1995) Abstract
Ebselen as a glutathione peroxidase mimic and as a scavenger of peroxynitrite: H. Sies & H. Masumoto; Adv. Pharmacol. 38, 229 (1997) Abstract
Free radical generation by selenium compounds and their prooxidant toxicity: J.E. Spallholz; Biomed. Environ. Sci. 10, 260 (1997) Abstract
Protection against peroxynitrite by selenoproteins: H. Sies, et al.; Z. Naturforsch. [C] 53, 228 (1998) Abstract
Ebselen protects mice against T cell-dependent, TNF-mediated apoptotic liver injury: G. Tiegs, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287, 1098 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • PKC Inhibitors • Malaria / Related Products • Lipoxygenases / Related Products • Anti-inflammatory Agents Other Products • COX Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-270-125 Revised 25-Apr-08
Resveratrol
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SYNONYMS trans-3,4’,5-Trihydroxystilbene
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-125-M050   50 mg 36.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-125-M100   100 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-125-M250   250 mg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C14H12O3
MW: 228.2
CAS NUMBER: 501-36-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 8158
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: ~65mg/ml soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in PBS, pH 7.2 (~100 µg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Shows cancer chemopreventive activity. Specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. Antioxidant. Potent activator of human deacetylase SIRT1. Protects against 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Vasorelaxing activity of resveratrol and quercetin in isolated rat aorta: C.K. Chen, et al.; Gen. Pharmacol. 27, 363 (1996) Abstract
Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes: M. Jang, et al.; Science 275, 218 (1997) Abstract
Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol: M. Jang & J.M. Pezzuto; Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 25, 65 (1999) Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis determination, synthesis, and stability of resveratrol and related 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosides: V. Brandolini, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 7407 (2002) Abstract
Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan: K.T. Howitz, et al.; Nature 425, 191 (2003) Abstract
Resveratrol protects against 4-HNE induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: O. Kutuk, et al.; Biofactors 20, 1 (2004) Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, suppresses oxidative damage and stimulates apoptosis during early colonic inflammation in rats: A.R. Martin, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 1399 (2004) Abstract
Resveratrol interferes with AKT activity and triggers apoptosis in human uterine cancer cells: E. Sexton, et al.; Mol. Cancer 5, 45 (2006) Abstract
Resveratrol and its analogs: Defense against cancer, coronary disease and neurodegenerative maladies or just a fad?: P. Saiko, et al.; Mutat. Res. 658, 68 (2008) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Sirtuins / Related Products • Stilbenoids • COX Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-270-202 Revised 07-Oct-08
Piceatannol
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SYNONYMS 3,4,3',5'-Tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-202-M001   1 mg 22.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-202-M005   5 mg 62.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-202-M010   10 mg 105.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-202-M050   50 mg 375.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C14H12O4
MW: 244.3
CAS NUMBER: 10083-24-6
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Off-white to light pink crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide, 100% ethanol, methanol, acetone or ethyl acetate; slightly soluble in water (1mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: Unstable in sodium hydroxide.
HANDLING: Protect from light and oxygen.

Product Description
Originally isolated from Euphorbia lagascae. Selective protein tyrosine kinase Syk inhibitor. Activator of human deacetylase SIRT1.
Product Specific Literature References
Synthesis and evaluation of stilbene and dihydrostilbene derivatives as potential anticancer agents that inhibit tubulin polymerization: M. Cushman, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 34, 2579 (1991) Abstract
Inhibition of mast cell Fc epsilon R1-mediated signaling and effector function by the Syk-selective inhibitor, piceatannol: J.M. Oliver, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29697 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
The tyrosine phosphorylation of a p72syk-like protein in activated murine resident peritoneal macrophages: K.I. Abu-Lawi & B.M. Sultzer; Cell Mol. Biol. Res. 41, 49 (1995)