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ALX-270-245 Revised 14-Feb-07
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal
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SYNONYMS 4-HNE
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-270-245-M005   5 mg 128.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H16O2
MW: 156.2
CAS NUMBER: 128946-65-6
RTECS: RA8510000
PURITY: ≥85% (HPLC) (precursor diethylacetal)
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in n-hexane.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (washed with nitrogen) or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Store solutions on ice and use within 6 hours of preparation.
HANDLING: Protect from light and oxygen. Keep under inert gas. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Product Description
Among the aldehydes formed, 4-HNE is the major product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been suggested to play a major role in liver toxicity associated with lipid peroxidation. Prevents NF-κB activation and TNF expression by inhibiting IκB phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis.
Product Specific Literature References
Suggested mechanisms for the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal from the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: W.A. Pryor & N.A. Porter; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 8, 541 (1990) Abstract
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81 (1991) Abstract
Quantitation of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts: K. Uchida & E.R. Stadtman; Meth. Enzymol. 233, 371 (1994) Abstract
Histochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein in Alzheimer amyloid: Y. Ando, et al.; J. Neurol. Sci. 156, 172 (1998) Abstract
Genotoxic lipid peroxidation products: their DNA damaging properties and role in formation of endogenous DNA adducts: P.C. Burcham; Mutagenesis 13, 287 (1998) Abstract
Roles of lipid peroxidation in modulation of cellular signaling pathways, cell dysfunction, and death in the nervous system: J.N. Keller & M.P. Mattson; Rev. Neurosci. 9, 105 (1998) Abstract
4-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, is increased in the brain in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery and M.A. Lovell; Neurobiol. Aging 19, 33 (1998) Abstract
Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity: M.P. Mattson; TINS 21, 53 (1998) Abstract
Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, on dopamine transport and Na+/K+ ATPase in rat striatal synaptosomes: P. Morel, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 33, 531 (1998) Abstract
Metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal, a cytotoxic lipid peroxidation product, in thymocytes as an effective secondary antioxidative defense mechanism: W.G. Siems, et al.; J. Biochem. 123, 534 (1998) Abstract
Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery & J.M. Carney; Brain Pathol. 9, 133 (1999) Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal prevents NF-kappaB activation and tumor necrosis factor expression by inhibiting IkappaB phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis: S. Page, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11611 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal impairs glutamate and glucose transport and choline acetyltransferase activity in NSC-19 motor neuron cells: W.A. Pedersen, et al.; Exp. Neurol. 155, 1 (1999) Abstract
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal inhibits neurite outgrowth, disrupts neuronal microtubules, and modifies cellular tubulin: M.D. Neely, et al.; J. Neurochem. 72, 2323 (1999) Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein MRP1 protects against the toxicity of the major lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal: J. Renes, et al.; Biochem. J. 350, 555 (2000) Abstract
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal inhibits constitutive and inducible activity of nuclear factor kappa B in neurons: S. Camandola, et al.; Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 85, 53 (2000) Abstract
IkappaB kinase, a molecular target for inhibition by 4-hydroxy-2- nonenal: C. Ji, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 18223 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal (Prod. No. ALX-270-375) can be used for making a fresh preparation of HNE.
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-270-375 Revised 04-Feb-05
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal
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SYNONYMS HNE-DA
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-270-375-1   1 Vial 98.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H22O3
MW: 202.3
PURITY: ≥85% (HPLC)
FORMULATION: Liquid. 6.8mg in 1ml n-hexane. Yields ~5.2mg aldehyde after hydrolysis.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Unopened vial is stable for at least one year after receipt.
HANDLING: Keep cool and dry.

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Product Description
Derivative from (E)-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245). Can be used to freshly prepare HNE.
Product Specific Literature References
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer, R.J. Schaur & H. Zollner; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81 (1991) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Preparation and use of (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) from the Acetal (HNE-DA):
- Evaporate the n-hexane under a gentle stream of nitrogen at RT. Continue to work at +4°C.
- Add 1ml of 1mM HCl (+4°C) and stir for about 45 minutes or close the vial and shake for 30 minutes.
- The initially cloudy suspension becomes almost clear as saponification proceeds.
- The resulting aqueous HNE solution has a pH of 3 and contains ~5.2mg of aldehyde.
- This solution, if kept at +4°C, is stable for at least 24 hours.
- If neutralized (see Note) this product is stable for 6 hours.
- We recommend to use the in situ prepared HNE immediately.
Note:  HNE decomposes (polymerizes) in basic solution within a few minutes. Never use alkalies to neutralize the pH, but rather appropriately concentrated buffers. During saponification, methanol is generated. If methanol is undesirable, HNE can be extracted in chloroform or dichloromethane. HNE is only sparingly soluble in water.
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-270-406 Revised 07-Jul-08
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-d3
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SYNONYMS HNE-d3
(±)-4-Hydroxy-9,9,9-d3-non-2E-enal
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-270-406-C050   50 µg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H13D3O2
MW: 159.2
PURITY: ≥99%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in methyl acetate.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (25mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C.

Product Description
Internal standard for the quantification of hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245) by GC- or LC-mass spectometry. Contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the methyl acetate under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-270-447 Revised 11-Jul-08
4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-270-447-M001   1 mg 91.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-447-M005   5 mg 407.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H16O3
MW: 172.2
CAS NUMBER: 7439-43-2
CONCENTRATION: 10mg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in acetone.
SOLUBILITY: 30mg/ml soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol; 0.5mg/ml soluble in a 1:6 solution of ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (dilute the ethanol solution with PBS).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -80°C. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Precursor compound of (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (Prod. No. ALX-270-245) formed from the cleavage of the ω-6 hydroperoxides 9(S)-HpODE and 13(S)-HpODE.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the acetone under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-340-062 Revised 18-Feb-08
Methyl Phytoprostane B1 (Type I) (racemic)
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SYNONYMS Methyl-8-(2-((E)-3-hydroxypent-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopent-1-enyl)octanoate (racemic)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Eicosanoids Other Products
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ALX-340-062-M005   5 mg 390.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H30O4
MW: 322.5
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥95% (13C-NMR)
APPEARANCE: Colourless liquid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, ether, ethyl acetate or halogenic solvents.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.

Product Description
Prostaglandin/jasmonate-like product of nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. Occurs ubiquitously in healty plants and increases in response to oxidative stress. Could potentially be used as a marker of oxidative degradation of plant derived food. Powerful inducer of glutathione-S-transferase, jasmonic acid and other stress related responses. The role of phytoprostanes in human nutrition is not clarified yet, but they are associated with inhibition of dendritic cell interleukin-12 production and augmentation of TH2 cell polarization.
Product Specific Literature References
The isoprostanoid pathway in plants: I. Thoma, et al.; Chem. Phys. Lipids 128, 135 (2004) Abstract
B1-phytoprostanes trigger plant defense and detoxification responses: C. Loeffler, et al.; Plant Physiol. 137, 328 (2005) Abstract
A flexible synthesis of the phytoprostanes B1 type I and II: S. El Fangour, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 70, 989 (2005) Abstract
Pollen-associated phytoprostanes inhibit dendritic cell interleukin-12 production and augment T helper type 2 cell polarization: C. Traidl-Hoffmann, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 201, 627 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Plant Research Reagents / Related Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-043 Revised 06-Jun-08
Microcystin-RR
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C050   50 µg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C100   100 µg 125.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C250   250 µg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C500   500 µg 470.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-M001   1 mg 850.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C49H75N13O12
MW: 1038.2
CAS NUMBER: 111755-37-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Clear to whitish film adhered to inside of vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 80% aqueous methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by MS.

Product Description
Arg-Arg analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-012). Hepatotoxic, although found to be up to 10-fold less toxic than microcystin-LR on i.p. injection in mice. Potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of a cyclic peptide toxin, cyanogenosin-RR from Microcystis aeruginosa: P. Painuly, et al.; THL 29, 11 (1988)
Toxicity and toxins of natural blooms and isolated strains of Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) and improved procedure for purification of cultures: M. Shirai, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 1241 (1991) Abstract
Inhibition of protein phosphatases activates glucose-6-phosphatase in isolated rat hepatocytes: S. Claeyssens, et al.; FEBS Lett. 315, 7 (1993) Abstract
Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Analyst 119, 1525 (1994) Abstract
Determination of some physicochemical parameters of microcystins (cyanobacterial toxins) and trace level analysis in environmental samples using liquid chromatography: C. Rivasseau, et al.; J. Chromatogr. A 799, 155 (1998) Abstract
Physiological and biochemical analyses of microcystin-RR toxicity to the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus: Z.Q. Hu, et al.; Environ. Toxicol. 19, 571 (2004) Abstract
Microcystin-RR-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in tobacco BY-2 cells: L. Yin, et al.; Toxicon. 46, 507 (2005) Abstract
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Marine Natural Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-420-027 Revised 26-Mar-08
DMNQ
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SYNONYMS 2,3-Dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-420-027-M005   5 mg 68.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-027-M010   10 mg 115.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-027-M025   25 mg 225.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C12H10O4
MW: 218.2
CAS NUMBER: 6956-96-3
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: Yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone, DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. DMNQ does not react with free thiol groups, is non-alkylating and adduct-forming in contrast to other quinones. Thus, DMNQ is a valuable tool for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in order to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis and necrosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Different prooxidant levels stimulate growth, trigger apoptosis, or produce necrosis of insulin-secreting RINm5F cells: J.M. Dypbukt, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 30553 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
DNA single-strand breakage in mammalian cells induced by redox cycling quinones in the absence of oxidative stress: W.A. Morgan; J. Biochem. Toxicol. 10, 227 (1995) Abstract
Potentiation of nitric oxide synthase expression by superoxide in interleukin 1 beta-stimulated rat mesangial cells: K.F. Beck, et al.; FEBS Lett. 435, 35 (1998) Abstract
The relative importance of oxidative stress versus arylation in the mechanism of quinone-induced cytotoxicity to platelets: S.A. Seung, et al.; Chem. Biol. Interact. 113, 133 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis
 
 
ALX-430-118 Revised 14-Apr-08
ACP
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SYNONYMS 1-Acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-430-118-M010   10 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-118-M050   50 mg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-118-M250   250 mg 490.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
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FORMULA: C11H20N2O3
MW: 228.3
PURITY: ≤0.05% paramagnetic impurities (by EPR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, methanol, 100% ethanol or DMSO.