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Other Toxins
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ALX-350-324 Revised 30-May-07
Rubellin D
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents
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ALX-350-324-M001   1 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H22O10
MW: 542.5
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from fungus Ramularia collo-cygni.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Red powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in tetrahydrofuran, n-propanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, DMSO or chloroform.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Phytotoxin. Triggers the light-dependent production of reactive oxygen species and α-linolenic acid peroxidation.
Product Specific Literature References
Secondary mould metabolites. XX. The structure of rubellins C and D, two novel anthraquinone metabolites from Mycosphae-rella rubella: A. Arnone et al.; Gazz. Chim. Ital. 119, 35 (1989)
Photodynamic oxygen activation by rubellin D, a phytotoxin produced by Ramularia collo-cygni (Sutton et Waller): I. Heiser et al.; Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 62, 29 (2003)
The phytopathogenic fungus Ramularia collo-cygni produces biologically active rubellins on infected barley leaves: S. Miethbauer et al.; J. Phytopathol. 151, 665 (2003)
Fatty acid peroxidation by rubellin B, C, and D, phytotoxins produced by Ramularia collo-cygni (Sutton et Waller): I. Heiser et al.; Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 64, 135 (2004)
Biosynthesis of photodynamically active rubellins and structure elucidation of new anthraquinone derivatives produced by Ramularia collo-cygni: S. Miethbauer, et al.; Phytochemistry 67, 1206 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Lipid Peroxidation • Lipid Peroxidation • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-359 Revised 07-Apr-08
16-epi-Latrunculin B
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antiviral / anti-HIV Agents
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ALX-350-359-C100   100 µg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H29NO5S
MW: 395.5
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Negombata magnifica.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (25mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Has antiviral (herpes simplex type 1) activities and cytotoxic properties.
Product Specific Literature References
Latrunculin inhibits the microfilament-mediated processes during fertilization, cleavage and early development in sea urchins and mice: G. Schatten, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 166, 191 (1986) Abstract
Latrunculins--novel marine macrolides that disrupt microfilament organization and affect cell growth: I. Comparison with cytochalasin D: I. Spector, et al.; Cell Motility & Cytoskeleton 13, 127 (1989) Abstract
Effects of cytochalasin D and latrunculin B on mechanical properties of cells: T. Wakatsuki, et al.; J. Cell. Sci. 114, 1025 (2001) Abstract
Toward computing relative configurations: 16-epi-latrunculin B, a new stereoisomer of the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin B: T.R. Hoye, et al.; JACS 124, 7405 (2002) Abstract
General Literature References
Latrunculin inhibits the microfilament-mediated processes during fertilization, cleavage and early development in sea urchins and mice: G. Schatten, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 166, 191 (1986) Abstract
Inhibition of actin polymerization by latrunculin A: M. Coué, et al.; FEBS Lett. 213, 316 (1987) Abstract
Latrunculin A is a potent inhibitor of phagocytosis by macrophages: C.A. de Oliveira & B. Mantovani; Life Sci. 43, 1825 (1988) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Herpes Viruses / Related Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-360 Revised 28-May-08
Rotenone
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-360-G001   1 g 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-360-G005   5 g 125.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C23H22O6
MW: 394.4
CAS NUMBER: 83-79-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 8271
RTECS: DJ2800000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Lonchocarpus sp. or Derris sp.
PURITY: ≥98% (Assay)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Insecticide. Inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport. Specifically inhibits NAD-linked substrate oxidation at the oxygen side of NADH dehydrogenase (EC50=10pmol/mg). Inhibits mammalian cell proliferation by inhibiting microtubule assembly through tubulin binding.
Product Specific Literature References
Metabolism of rotenone in vitro by tissue homogenates from mammals and insects: J.I. Fukami, et al.; Science 155, 713 (1967) Abstract
[3H]dihydrorotenone binding to NADH: ubiquinone reductase (complex I) of the electron transport chain: an autoradiographic study: D.S. Higgins, Jr. & J.T. Greenamyre; J. Neurosci. 16, 3807 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Rotenone induces oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron damage in organotypic substantia nigra cultures: C.M. Testa, et al.; Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 134, 109 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Fatality after deliberate ingestion of the pesticide rotenone: a case report: D.M. Wood, et al.; Crit Care 9, R280 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Neurotrophic factors stabilize microtubules and protect against rotenone toxicity on dopaminergic neurons: Q. Jiang, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 281, 29391 (2006) Abstract
Identification of novel proteins affected by rotenone in mitochondria of dopaminergic cells: J. Jin, et al.; BMC Neurosci. 8, 67 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Rotenone inhibits mammalian cell proliferation by inhibiting microtubule assembly through tubulin binding: P. Srivastava & D. Panda; FEBS J. 274, 4788 (2007) Abstract
Protection by the NDI1 Gene against Neurodegeneration in a Rotenone Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease: M. Marella, et al.; PLoS ONE 3, e1433 (2008) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosome Other Products • Natural Products for Cytoskeletal Research • Respiratory Chain Other Products • Pesticides / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-366 Revised 03-Apr-08
Azaspiracid-1
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SYNONYMS AZA-1
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-366-C001   1 µg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C47H71NO12
MW: 842.1
CAS NUMBER: 214899-21-5
SOURCE/HOST: Islolated from marine mussel.
CONCENTRATION:

2μg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%
FORMULATION: Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description
Activator of JNK (c-Jun-N-terminal kinase). Cellular growth inhibitor and inducer of cytoskeletal alterations. Activator of caspases. Modulator of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and calcium levels. Inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in human T lymphocyte cells. Potent teratogen to finfish. Cytotoxic to mammalian cells.
Product Specific Literature References
Multiple organ damage caused by a new toxin azaspiracid, isolated from mussels produced in Ireland: E. Ito, et al.; Toxicon 38, 917 (2000) Abstract
Azaspiracid-1, a potent, nonapoptotic new phycotoxin with several cell targets: Y. Roman, et al.; Cell. Signal. 14, 703 (2002) Abstract
Teratogenic effects of azaspiracid-1 identified by microinjection of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos: J.R. Coleman, et al.; Toxicon 45, 881 (2005) Abstract
Cytotoxic and cytoskeletal effects of azaspiracid-1 on mammalian cell lines: M.J. Twiner, et al.; Toxicon 45, 891 (2005) Abstract
Azaspiracids modulate intracellular pH levels in human lymphocytes: A. Alfonso, et al.; BBRC 346, 1091 (2006) Abstract
Cell growth inhibition and actin cytoskeleton disorganization induced by azaspiracid-1 structure-activity studies: N. Vilarino, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19, 1459 (2006) Abstract
The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase is involved in the neurotoxic effect of azaspiracid-1: C. Vale, et al.; Cell Physiol. Biochem. 20, 957 (2007) Abstract
Effects of azaspiracid-1, a potent cytotoxic agent, on primary neuronal cultures. A structure-activity relationship study: C. Vale, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 50, 356 (2007) Abstract
Irreversible cytoskeletal disarrangement is independent of caspase activation during in vitro azaspiracid toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells: N. Vilarino, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 74, 327 (2007) Abstract
Transcriptional profiling and inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in human T lymphocyte cells by the marine toxin azaspiracid: M.J. Twiner, et al.; Genomics 91, 289 (2008) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MAPK Pathway Activators • Natural Products for Cytoskeletal Research • Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • Caspases Other Products • cAMP Pathways Other Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-367 Revised 31-Mar-08
Azaspiracid-2
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SYNONYMS AZA-2
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-367-C001   1 µg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C48H73NO12
MW: 855.5
CAS NUMBER: 265996-92-7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from marine mussel.
CONCENTRATION: 2µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Modulator of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and calcium levels.
Product Specific Literature References
Effects of Azaspiracids 2 and 3 on intracellular cAMP, [Ca2+], and pH: Y. Roman, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17, 1338 (2004) Abstract
Azaspiracids modulate intracellular pH levels in human lymphocytes: A. Alfonso, et al.; BBRC 346, 1091 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • cAMP Pathways Other Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-368 Revised 31-Mar-08
Azaspiracid-3
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SYNONYMS AZA-3
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-368-C001   1 µg 540.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C46H69NO12
MW: 827.5
CAS NUMBER: 265996-93-8
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from marine mussel.
CONCENTRATION: 2µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Modulator of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), calcium and pH levels.
Product Specific Literature References
Effects of Azaspiracids 2 and 3 on intracellular cAMP, [Ca2+], and pH: Y. Roman, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17, 1338 (2004) Abstract
Azaspiracids modulate intracellular pH levels in human lymphocytes: A. Alfonso, et al.; BBRC 346, 1091 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • cAMP Pathways Other Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-369 Revised 08-Apr-08
Pectenotoxin-2
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SYNONYMS 4,3-Dioxypectenotoxin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-369-C005   5 µg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C47H70O14
MW: 859.1
CAS NUMBER: 97564-91-5
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Dinophysis acuta.
CONCENTRATION: 10µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%
FORMULATION: Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent disruptor of actin cytoskeleton in living cells. Forms 1:1 complexes with monomeric actin and caps actin filaments. Selective cytotoxic agent against several human cancer cell lines. Hepatotoxic.
Product Specific Literature References
Cytotoxic compounds from a two-sponge association: J.H. Jung, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 58, 1722 (1995) Abstract
New anti-actin drugs in the study of the organization and function of the actin cytoskeleton: I. Spector, et al.; Microsc. Res. Tech. 47, 18 (1999) Abstract
Oocyte-based screening of cytokinesis inhibitors and identification of pectenotoxin-2 that induces Bim/Bax-mediated apoptosis in p53-deficient tumors: H.D. Chae, et al.; Oncogene 24, 4813 (2005) Abstract
A structural basis for regulation of actin polymerization by pectenotoxins: J.S. Allingham, et al.; J. Mol. Biol. 371, 959 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products for Cytoskeletal Research • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Actin / Related Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-380-007 Revised 16-Jun-08
Enniatin B
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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ALX-380-007-M001   1 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C33H57N3O9
MW: 639.8
CAS NUMBER: 917-13-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3585
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Fusarium orthoceras var. enniatum.
PURITY: ≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or other organic solvents; almost insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Ionophore antibiotic. Inhibitor of the S. cerevisiae ABC transporter Pdr5p.
Inhibitor of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase and of phosphodiesterase. Potential anticancer compound.
Product Specific Literature References
Ionophore antibiotics produced by the fungus Fusarium orthoceras var. enniatum and other Fusaria: E. Gaumann, et al.; Experientia 3, 202 (1947)
"Sandwich" complexation in cyclopeptides and its implications in membrane processes: V.T. Ivanov; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 221 (1975) Abstract
Interaction of cyclic peptides and depsipeptides with calmodulin: K.A. Mereish, et al.; Pept. Res. 3, 233 (1990) Abstract
Enniatin has a new function as an inhibitor of Pdr5p, one of the ABC transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: K. Hiraga, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 328, 1119 (2005) Abstract
Enniatin exerts p53-dependent cytostatic and p53-independent cytotoxic activities against human cancer cells: R. Dornetshuber, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20, 465 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Inhibitors • Other Toxins • Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • Antitumor Antibiotics
 
 
ALX-380-042 Revised 05-May-08
Doxorubicin . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS DXR . HCl
14-Hydroxydaunomycin . HCl
Adriamycin . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Antibiotics
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ALX-380-042-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M010   10 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M025   25 mg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H29NO11 . HCl
MW: 543.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 25316-40-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3439
RTECS: QI9295900
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Antitumor antibiotic. Induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II. Binds covalently to DNA. Inhbibits reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase and the catalytic activity of Dnmt1. Immunosuppressive. Antineoplastic. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Adriamycin and daunomycin induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in tumour cells: A. Skladanowski & J. Konopa; Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 375 (1993) Abstract
A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin: D.A. Gewirtz; Biochem. Pharmacol. 57, 727 (1999) Abstract
Doxorubicin treatment activates a Z-VAD-sensitive caspase, which causes deltapsim loss, caspase-9 activity, and apoptosis in Jurkat cells: S. Gamen, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 258, 223 (2000) Abstract
Involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human tumor cells: Y. Lu, et al.; Mol. Carcinog. 29, 1 (2000) Abstract
Characterization of Adriamycin-Induced G2 Arrest and Its Abrogation by Caffeine in FL-Amnion Cells with or without p53: Y. Minemoto, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 262, 37 (2001) Abstract
Enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells by adriamycin: X.X. Wu, et al.; Cancer Res. 60, 2912 (2000) Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes is ameliorated by nitrone spin traps and ebselen. Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: S. Kotamraju, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33585 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
The power and potential of doxorubicin-DNA adducts: S.M. Cutts, et al.; IUBMB Life 57, 73 (2005), Review Abstract
Adriamycin-induced interference with cardiac mitochondrial calcium homeostasis: K.B. Wallace; Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 7, 101 (2007), Review Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy from the cardiotoxic mechanisms to managemen: G. Takemura & H. Fujiwara; Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 49, 330 (2007), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Antibiotics - Immunomodulators • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors) • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • DNA Intercalators & Crosslinkers • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)
 
 
ALX-445-047 Revised 18-Jan-08
Sapintoxin D (high purity)
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