ALEXIS Biochemicals: 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)guanosine-3',5'-cyclic-Monophosphothioate, Sp-Isomer . sodium salt

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ALX-430-131

Revised 16-Oct-08

CAT1H . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-trimethylammonium chloride . HCl
PRODUCT LINE	Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-430-131-M010		10 mg	65.00 USD
ALX-430-131-M050		50 mg	195.00 USD
ALX-430-131-M250		250 mg	450.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₂H₂₆N₂O . 2HCl
MW:	214.4 . 72.9
APPEARANCE:	Colorless crystalline solid.
PURITY DETAIL:	Paramagnetic impurities ≤0.01% (EPR).
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water, methanol or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from moisture.

Product Description

Cyclic hydroxylamine spin probe for in vivo, intraperitoneal and intravenous injections. Lifetime of more than 4 hours in blood plasma, in cells and tissue. Allows quantitative measurements of extracellular O2^•– and quantification of intracellular O2^•– in cells and tissue samples and in vivo O2^•– detection.

Product Specific Literature References

Role of extracellular superoxide dismutase in hypertension: M.C. Gongora, et al.; Hypertension 48, 473 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular studies: S. Dikalov, et al.; Hypertension 49, 717 (2007) Abstract
Role of the T cell in the genesis of angiotensin II induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction: T.J. Guzik, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 204, 2449 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Mitochondrial redox cycling of mitoquinone leads to superoxide production and cellular apoptosis: A.K. Doughan & S.I. Dikalov; Antioxid. Redox Signal. 9, 1825 (2007) Abstract

ALX-350-101

Revised 03-Apr-08

Catharanthine . tartrate
SYNONYMS	3,4-Didehydroibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester . tartrate 7-Ethyl-9,10,12,13-tetrahydro-6,9-methano-5H-pyrido[1’,2’:1,2]azepino[4,5-b]indole-6(6aH)-carboxylic acid methyl ester . tartrate
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products for Cytoskeletal Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-101-M100		100 mg	160.00 USD
ALX-350-101-G001		1 g	430.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₁H₂₄N₂O₂ . C₄H₆O₆
MW:	336.4 . 150.1
CAS NUMBER:	2648-21-5
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1904
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Catharanthus roseus.
PURITY:	≥90%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Very hygroscopic. Keep cool and dry.

Product Description

Starting material for the synthesis of the antitumor drugs vinblastine and vincristine. It is less active as an inhibitor of tubulin self-assembly into microtubules than the latter two compounds.

Product Specific Literature References

Photochemical one-pot synthesis of vinblastine and vincristine: S. Pennanen & A. Huhtikangas; Photochem. Photobiol. 51, 515 (1990) Abstract
Mechanism of interaction of vinca alkaloids with tubulin: catharanthine and vindoline: V. Prakash & S.N. Timasheff; Biochemistry 30, 873 (1991) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-350-257	Vinblastine . sulfate
ALX-350-069	Vincristine . sulfate
ALX-350-102	Vindoline

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Microtubule Modulators • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Alkaloids

ALX-200-310

Revised 27-Jun-06

Cathepsin G (human neutrophils)
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Cathepsins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-200-310-C100		100 µg	190.00 USD

Product Specification

MW:	~23.5kDa.
EC:	3.4.21.20
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1905
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from whole human blood (from single donors). Negative for HBSAG-, HCV- and HIV-antibodies.
PURITY:	≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
PURITY DETAIL:	Essentially salt free.
FORMULATION:	Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with 50mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, containing 150mM sodium chloride.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:	~2-4U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1µmol Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA (1mM) per min. at 25°C in 160mM TRIS/HCl and 1.6M NaCl, pH 7.4.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Specific Literature References

Isolation, characterization, and amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of human neutrophil cathepsin G from normal donors: L.W. Heck, et al.; Anal. Biochem. 158, 217 (1986) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Swiss-Prot link P08311: Cathepsin G (human) (precursor)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000512: Cathepsin G (mouse)

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Proteins • Enzymes

ALX-201-239

Revised 12-Nov-08

Procathepsin K (human) (recombinant)
SYNONYMS	Procathepsin O (human) (recombinant) Procathepsin O2 (human) (recombinant) Procathepsin X (human) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Cathepsins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-201-239-C010		10 µg	166.00 USD

Product Specification

MW:	~35kDa
EC:	3.4.22.38
SOURCE/HOST:	Produced in E. coli (aa 19-329). Methionine was introduced at aa 18 to create a new N-terminal sequence (MEEIL).
CONCENTRATION:	150μg/ml
PURITY:	≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In 25mM TRIS, pH 8.0, containing 500mM sodium chloride.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:	≥1’000mU/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1µmol of substrate per min. at 37°C, pH 5.5.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for several months when stored at -80°C. After activation, cathepsin is highly autoproteolytic. When not used immediately, add 1mM MMTS for stabilization and shock freeze in liquid nitrogen . Do not store dilutions of the enzyme.
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Product Description

Member of the papain cysteine proteinase family identified as the predominant proteinase responsible for the resorption of the bone matrix.

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Reversible modification of the sulfhydryl groups of Escherichia coli succinic thiokinase with methanethiolating reagents, 5.5’-Dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and ethylmercurithiosalicylate: J.S. Nishimura, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 170, 461 (1975) Abstract
[2] Autocatalytic activation of human cathepsin K: M.S. McQueney, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 13955 (1997) Abstract; Full Text

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Activity:
Activity of mature protein was measured in 50mM MES, pH 5.5, containing 2.5mM EDTA and 5mM DTT. Assay was initiated by addition of substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC (Prod. No. ALX-260-131) to a final concentration of 100µM (stock solution 10mM in DMSO). Activity was monitored by the increase of fluorescence accompanying release of the product 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) (excitation wavelength of 360nm; emission wavelength of 460nm) (see [2]).

Activation:
Activate by adjusting procathepsin K to pH 4.0 by adding an equal volume of 100mM sodium acetate, pH 3.9, containing 10mM DTT, 5mM EDTA and incubate for 40 min. at room temperature. MMTS (methyl methanethiosulfonate) modifies cysteines by attaching its relatively small, uncharged thiomethyl blocking group to reactive sulfhydryl groups (see [1]). This reversible reaction arrests the autoproteolytical process. Activity can be restored to nearly unmodified level by adding L-cysteine (~3M excess over MMTS).

Inhibitors:
Cathepsin K is inhibited by leupeptin (Prod. No. ALX-260-009) (IC₅₀=70nM), E-64 (IC₅₀=5nM) or cystatine. Minimal effects exhibit pepstatin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Prod. No. ALX-270-184), inhibitors of aspartyl and serine proteases. No inhibition was observed by addition of EDTA or phenanthroline, classical inhibitors of metalloproteases.

Swiss-Prot link P43235: Cathepsin K (human) (precursor)

Related Products

ALX-260-009	Leupeptin (synthetic)
ALX-260-131	Z-Phe-Arg-AMC . hydrochloride
ALX-270-184	Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Enzymes • Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins • Bone Metabolism Other Products

ALX-200-314

Revised 27-Jun-06

Cathepsin L (human)
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Cathepsins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-200-314-1		1 Vial	270.00 USD

Product Specification

MW:	~29kDa.
EC:	3.4.22.15
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1905
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from human liver. Negative for HBSAG-, HCV- and HIV-antibodies.
QUANTITY:	25µg
PURITY:	≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In 20mM malonate buffer, pH 5.5, containing 1mM EDTA and 400mM sodium chloride.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:	≥0.5U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1µmol Z-Phe-Arg-AFC (Prod. No. ALX-260-129) per min. at 25°C in 400mM Na acetate, pH 5.5 with 4mM EDTA and 8mM DTT.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C

Product Description

The most powerful of the lysosomal proteinases. It has a higher specific activity than cathepsin B and H in the degradation of a variety of physiological protein substrates.

Product Specific Literature References

Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and cathepsin L: A.J. Barrett & H. Kirschke; Methods Enzymol. 80 Pt C, 535 (1981) Abstract
Active center differences between cathepsins L and B: the S1 binding region: H. Kirschke, et al.; FEBS Lett 228, 128 (1988) Abstract
Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of human and murine preprocathepsin L. An abundant transcript induced by transformation of fibroblasts: L.J. Joseph, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 81, 1621 (1988) Abstract
The role of lysosomal proteinases in MHC class II-mediated antigen processing and presentation: T.Y. Nakagawa & A.Y. Rudensky; Immunol. Rev. 172, 121 (1999) Abstract
Proteases involved in MHC class II antigen presentation: J.A. Villadangos, et al.; Immunol. Rev. 172, 109 (1999) Abstract
Distinct roles of cathepsin K and cathepsin L in osteoclastic bone resorption: N. Furuyama & Y. Fujisawa; Endocr. Res. 26, 189 (2000) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

May contain trace cathepsin B contaminant (<1.5U/mg protein using Z-Arg-Arg-β-NA as a substrate. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1µmol of 2-naphtylamine per min. at 40°C, pH 6.0. Please note that the specific activity of pure cathepsin B is >200U/mg protein)

Swiss-Prot link P07711: Cathepsin L (human) (precursor)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000515: Cathepsin L (mouse)

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Proteins • Enzymes

ALX-850-240

Revised 17-Apr-08

Cathepsin L (human) ELISA Kit
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Cathepsin Kits & Sets

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-850-240-KI01		1 Kit	619.00 USD

Product Specification

SENSITIVITY:	1.71ng/ml (range 3.12 to 50ng/ml)
QUANTITY:	96 wells (~80 tests).
APPLICATION:	For the quantitative determination of human cathepsin L in cell culture supernatants, serum and other body fluids.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

General Information

MANUFACTURER

Manufactured by Bender MedSystems.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ELISA & EIA Kits

ALX-153-064

Revised 31-Aug-07

Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide
SYNONYMS	Cavtratin AP-Cav Pen-C1-SD
PRODUCT LINE	Protein Synthesis, Modification & Degradation
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Caveolae / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-153-064-M001		1 mg	140.00 USD
ALX-153-064-M005		5 mg	560.00 USD

Product Specification

SEQUENCE:	H-Arg-Gln-Ile-Lys-Ile-Trp-Phe-Gln-Asn-Arg-Arg-Met-Lys-Trp-Lys-Lys-Asp-Gly-Ile-Trp-Lys-Ala-Ser-Phe-Thr-Thr-Phe-Thr-Val-Thr-Lys-Tyr-Trp-Phe-Tyr-Arg-OH
FORMULA:	C₂₂₈H₃₃₅N₆₁O₄₉S
MW:	4746.6
APPEARANCE:	≥97% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or acentonitrile:water (50:50).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	Hygroscopic. Protect from light.
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. HARMFUL.

Product Description

Cell permeable peptide that blocks eNOS (NOS III) activity and cellular nitric oxide (NO) release in vitro and reduces inflammation and tumorigenesis in vivo. Caveolin-1 interacts with several lipid-modified signalling ligands, such as EGFR, eNOS, G-protein α-subunits, PKCα, H-Ras, and Src, via the C1-SD82-101 sequence.

Product Specific Literature References

Caveolins, a family of scaffolding proteins for organizing "preassembled signaling complexes" at the plasma membrane: T. Okamoto, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4519 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
In vivo delivery of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain inhibits nitric oxide synthesis and reduces inflammation: M. Bucci, et al.; Nat. Med. 6, 1362 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Selective inhibition of tumor microvascular permeability by cavtratin blocks tumor progression in mice: J.P. Gratton, et al.; Cancer Cell 4, 31 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Caveolin-1 gene disruption promotes mammary tumorigenesis and dramatically enhances lung metastasis in vivo. Role of Cav-1 in cell invasiveness and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2/9) secretion: T.M. Williams, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 51630 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Dissecting the molecular control of endothelial NO synthase by caveolin-1 using cell-permeable peptides: P.N. Bernatchez, et al.; PNAS 102, 761 (2005) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Peptides • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • NOS Regulation • Cancer Other Products

ALX-550-323

Revised 28-Jan-05

S-(+)-CBPG
SYNONYMS	S-(+)-2-(3'-Carboxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)glycine UPF 596
PRODUCT LINE	Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic) / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-550-323-M001		1 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-550-323-M005		5 mg	195.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₈H₁₁NO₄
MW:	185.2
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water or DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

Product Description

Potent and selective, structurally new group I mGluR antagonist.

Product Specific Literature References

Pharmacological studies on new agonists and antagonists of mGluRs: R. Pellicciari, et al.; Neuropharmacology 35, A21 (1996)
(S)-(+)-2-(3'-carboxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)-glycine, a structurally new group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist: R. Pellicciari, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 39, 2874 (1996) Abstract
Presynaptic mGlu1 type receptors potentiate transmitter output in the rat cortex: F. Moroni, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 347, 189 (1998) Abstract
Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on (S)-(+)-2-(3'- carboxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)-glycine (CBPG), a novel mGlu5 receptor agonist endowed with mGlu1 receptor antagonist activity: G. Mannaioni, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 917 (1999) Abstract
Protection with metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor antagonists in models of ischemic neuronal death: time-course and mechanisms: D.E. Pellegrini-Giampietro, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1607 (1999) Abstract
1-Aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid and (S)-(+)-2-(3'- carboxybicyclo[1.1.1] pentyl)-glycine, two mGlu1 receptor-preferring antagonists, reduce neuronal death in in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral: D.E. Pellegrini-Giampietro, et al.; Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 3637 (1999) Abstract
Metabotropic G-protein-coupled glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets: R. Pellicciari & G. Costantino; Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3, 433 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors: D.D. Schoepp, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1431 (1999), (Review) Abstract

ALX-550-080

Revised 28-Jan-05

L-CCG-I
SYNONYMS	(2S,1'S,2'S)-2-(Carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (2S,3S,4S)-CCG
PRODUCT LINE	Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic) / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-550-080-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆H₉NO₄
MW:	159.1
CAS NUMBER:	117857-93-9
PURITY:	≥97%
APPEARANCE:	White solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in dilute aqueous base.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Potent group II mGluR agonist.

Product Specific Literature References

Potent NMDA-like actions and potentiation of glutamate responses by conformational variants of a glutamate analogue in the rat spinal cord: H. Shinozaki, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 98, 1213 (1989) Abstract
A potent metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist: electrophysiological actions of a conformationally restricted glutamate analogue in the rat spinal cord and Xenopus oocytes: M. Ishida, et al.; Brain Res. 537, 311 (1990) Abstract
(2S,3S,4S) alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine is a novel agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors: Y. Nakagawa, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 184, 205 (1990) Abstract
Agonist analysis of 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine isomers for cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells: Y. Hayashi, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 539 (1992) Abstract
Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function: S. Nakanishi; Science 258, 597 (1992) Abstract
Phenylglycine derivatives as antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors: J. Watkins and G. Collingridge; TIPS 15, 333 (1994), (Review) Abstract
Molecular cloning, functional expression and pharmacological characterization of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2: P.J. Flor, et al.; Eur. J. Neurosci. 7, 622 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition by folded isomers of L-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine of glutamate uptake via the human glutamate transporter hGluT-1: H. Yamashita, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 289, 387 (1995) Abstract
The C-terminal domain of the mGluR1 metabotropic glutamate receptor affects sensitivity to agonists: P.J. Flor, et al.; J. Neurochem. 67, 58 (1996) Abstract
Syntheses and conformational analyses of glutamate analogs: 2-(2- carboxy-3-substituted-cyclopropyl)glycines as useful probes for excitatory amino acid receptors: K. Shimamoto & Y. Ohfune; J. Med. Chem. 39, 407 (1996) Abstract
Comparative effect of L-CCG-I, DCG-IV and gamma-carboxy-L-glutamate on all cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes: I. Brabet, et al.; Neuropharmacology 37, 1043 (1998) Abstract
Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors: D.D. Schoepp, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1431 (1999), (Review) Abstract

ALX-550-083

Revised 28-Jan-05