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ALX-200-605
Revised 23-Apr-05
Granzyme A (human)
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Granzymes
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
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ALX-200-605-C010
10 µg
460.00 USD
Product Specification
MW:
~52kDa (fully glycosylated homodimer)
EC:
3.4.21.78
SOURCE/HOST:
Human cytotoxic granules of NK-92 cells.
CONCENTRATION:
2.76mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL:
Purified by differential solubilization and cation exchange chromatography. Dialyzed against 0.15M sodium chloride and concentrated.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In ~0.15M sodium chloride.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:
~9.2U/µg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1nmole of Z-Lys-SBzl per min. at 25°C in 0.05M TRIS, pH 8.0, containing 0.15M NaCl, 0.01% Triton X-100, 0.3mM DTNB.
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-80°C
USE/STABILITY:
Stable for at least 6 months when stored at -80°C. Do not store dilute solutions (1-1000ng/ml) for more than 24 hours.
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
Product Specific Literature References
Granzyme A induces caspase-independent mitochondrial damage, a required first step for apoptosis:
D. Martinvalet, et al.; Immunity
22
, 355 (2005)
Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Swiss-Prot link P12544:
Granzyme A (human) (precursor)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Proteins
•
Enzymes
ALX-200-602
Revised 16-Oct-07
Granzyme B (human)
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Granzymes
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
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ALX-200-602-C010
10 µg
495.00 USD
Product Specification
MW:
~32kDa.
EC:
3.4.21.79
SOURCE/HOST:
Isolated from IL-2 activated human lymphocytes [1]. Active enzyme.
CONCENTRATION:
~5.6mg/ml
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In 150mM sodium chloride. Contains no preservatives.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:
Using standard cell lines, 10µg is sufficient to kill 1x10
8
cells [2].
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:
≥10U/µg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1nmol BAADT per min. (Prod. No.
ALX-260-050
) [1].
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-80°C
USE/STABILITY:
Do not dilute below 1mg/ml. Dilute solutions should be used within 24 hours.
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Product Images
Please click on thumbnails to enlarge.
Product Specific Literature References
[1]
Rapid purification of cationic granule proteases: application to human granzymes:
W.L. Hanna, et al.; Protein Purif. Exp.
4
, 398 (1993)
Abstract
[2]
New paradigm for lymphocyte granule-mediated cytotoxicity. Target cells bind and internalize granzyme B, but an endosomolytic agent is necessary for cytosolic delivery and subsequent apoptosis:
C.J. Froelich, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
271
, 29073 (1996)
Abstract
;
Full Text
[3]
Granzyme B binds to target cells mostly by charge and must be added at the same time as perforin to trigger apoptosis:
L. Shi, et al.; J. Immunol.
174
, 5456 (2005)
Abstract
[4]
Granzyme A induces a pro-inflammatory cytokine response and not cell death.:
C. J. Froelich, et al.; Immunity
Epub ahead of print
, (2007)
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Swiss-Prot link P10144:
Granzyme B (human) (precursor)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Proteins
•
Enzymes
ALX-201-112
Revised 18-Mar-08
Granzyme B (human) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Granzymes
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
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ALX-201-112-C010
10 µg
310.00 USD
Product Specification
MW:
~25.5kDa.
EC:
3.4.21.79
SOURCE/HOST:
Produced in
E. coli
. Active human granzyme B.
CONCENTRATION:
0.2mg/ml
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In PBS containing 10% glycerol. Contains no preservatives.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:
≥7.0U/µg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1nmol Ac-IEPD-pNA (
Prod. No.
ALX-260-152
)
per min. at 25°C in 0.05M TRIS, pH 8.0, containing 0.15M NaCl and 0.01% Triton X-100.
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-80°C
USE/STABILITY:
Dilute solutions (e. g. 1-1000ng/ml) should be used within 24 hours.
HANDLING:
For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
Product Specific Literature References
Crystal structure of the caspase activator human granzyme B, a proteinase highly specific for an Asp-P1 residue
:
E. Estebanez-Perpina, et al.; Biol. Chem.
381
, 1203 (2000)
Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Swiss-Prot link P10144:
Granzyme B (human) (precursor)
General Literature References
Definition and redesign of the extended substrate specificity of granzyme B :
J.L. Harris, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
273
, 27364 (1998)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Generation of catalytically active granzyme K from
Escherichia coli
inclusion bodies and identification of efficient granzyme K inhibitors in human plasma :
E. Wilharm, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
274
, 27331 (1999)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes
•
Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins
ALX-201-117
Revised 13-Dec-04
Granzyme K (human) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Granzymes
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ALX-201-117-C010
10 µg
310.00 USD
Product Specification
MW:
~26kDa.
EC:
3.4.21.-
SOURCE/HOST:
Produced in
E. coli
. Active human granzyme K.
CONCENTRATION:
0.2mg/ml
FORMULATION:
Liquid. Recombinant protein in PBS containing glycerol. Does not contain any preservatives.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:
~29U/µg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1nmol Z-Lys-SBzl per min. at 25°C in 0.05M TRIS, pH 8.0, containing 0.15M NaCl, 0.01% Triton X-100 and 0.3mM DTNB.
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-80°C
USE/STABILITY:
Stable for at least 6 months when stored at -80°C. Dilute solutions (e. g. 1-1000ng/ml) should be used within 24 hours.
HANDLING:
For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
Product Specific Literature References
Generation of catalytically active granzyme K from
Escherichia coli
inclusion bodies and identification of efficient granzyme K inhibitors in human plasma:
E. Wilharm, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
274
, 27331 (1999)
Abstract
;
Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Swiss-Prot link P49863:
Granzyme K (human) (precursor)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes
•
Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins
ALX-350-371
Revised 10-Mar-08
Harmine
SYNONYMS
Leucoharmine
Banisterine
Telepathine
Yageine
7-Methoxy-1-methyl-
9H
-pyrido[3,4-
b
]indole
PRODUCT LINE
Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription
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ALX-350-371-M250
250 mg
22.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
13
H
12
N
2
O
MW:
212.3
CAS NUMBER:
442-51-3
MERCK INDEX:
14:
4616
RTECS:
UV0175000
SOURCE/HOST:
Originally isolated from
Peganum harmala
.
PURITY:
≥98%
APPEARANCE:
White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HAZARD:
HARMFUL.
Product Description
Alkaloid of the β-carboline family. Regulates PPARγ expression. Inhibits the Wnt signalling pathway in a cell-specific manner. Down-regulates inflammatory gene expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS). Reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase inhibitor A (MAO-A), but has no effect on MAO-B.
Product Specific Literature References
The chemotherapy of derivatives of harmine and harmaline. I:
C.E. Coulthard, et al.; Biochee. J.
27
, 727 (1933)
Abstract
;
Full Text
The chemotherapy of derivatives of harmine and harmaline. II:
C.E. Coulthard; Biochem. J.
28
, 264 (1934)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Interrelationships between amphetamine and harmala alkaloids:
H. Schmitt; Nature
203
, 877 (1964)
Abstract
Effect of moclobemide on rat brain monoamine oxidase A and B: comparison with harmaline and clorgyline:
J. Gerardy; Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry
18
, 793 (1994)
Abstract
Hypothermic effect of harmala alkaloid in rats: involvement of serotonergic mechanism:
A.F. Abdel-Fattah, et al.; Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.
52
, 421 (1995)
Abstract
The mode of action of thiazolidinediones:
H. Hauner; Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev.
18
, S10 (2002)
Abstract
Antitumor and neurotoxic effects of novel harmine derivatives and structure-activity relationship analysis:
Q. Chen, et al.; Int. J. Cancer
114
, 675 (2005)
Abstract
The small molecule harmine is an antidiabetic cell-type-specific regulator of PPARgamma expression:
H. Waki, et al.; Cell Metab.
5
, 357 (2007)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
•
Interleukin-1 [IL-1] & Receptors / Related Products
•
TNF-alpha & TNF Receptors Other Products
•
Wnt Signalling Pathway Other Products
•
NOS Regulation
•
Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products
•
Alkaloids
ALX-350-333
Revised 05-Apr-08
Harpagoside
PRODUCT LINE
Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
Ordering Information
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ALX-350-333-M005
5 mg
90.00 USD
ALX-350-333-M025
25 mg
360.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
24
H
30
O
11
MW:
494.5
CAS NUMBER:
19210-12-9
SOURCE/HOST:
Isolated from
Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl
(Figwort).
PURITY:
≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:
White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in methanol.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
Product Description
Anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic compound. Suppresses LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression through inhibition of NF-κB activation.
Product Specific Literature References
Antiinflammatory effects of different extracts and harpagoside isolated from Scrophularia frutescens:
L. D. Garcia, et al.; Farmaco.
51
, 443 (1996)
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of harpagoside and its in vitro release from Harpagophytum procumbens extract tablets:
S. Chrubasik, et al.; Phytomedicine
6
, 469 (2000)
Abstract
Scropolioside-D2 and harpagoside-B: two new iridoid glycosides from Scrophularia deserti and their antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activity:
B. Ahmed, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull.
26
, 462 (2003)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Downregulation of iNOS expression in rat mesangial cells by special extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens derives from harpagoside-dependent and independent effects:
M. Kaszkin, et al.; Phytomedicine
11
, 585 (2004)
Abstract
High anti-inflammatory activity of harpagoside-enriched extracts obtained from solvent-modified super- and subcritical carbon dioxide extractions of the roots of Harpagophytum procumbens:
M. Gunther, et al.; Phytochem. Anal.
17
, 1 (2006)
Abstract
Harpagoside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibition of NF-kappa B activation:
T.H. Huang, et al.; J. Ethnopharmacol.
104
, 149 (2006)
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography: application to a pharmacokinetic study:
P. Li, et al.; Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
389
, 2259 (2007)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity)
•
NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
•
COX Other Products
•
Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators
•
Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
ALX-350-120
Revised 01-Apr-08
Helenalin
PRODUCT LINE
Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
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ALX-350-120-MC05
0.5 mg
240.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
15
H
18
O
4
MW:
262.3
CAS NUMBER:
6754-13-8
SOURCE/HOST:
Isolated from
Arnica chamissonis.
PURITY:
≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:
White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml) or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HAZARD:
TOXIC.
IDENTITY:
Identity determined by
1
H-NMR.
Product Description
Potent anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic agent. Induces a CD95 death receptor-independent apoptosis even when the mitochondria protecting proteins Bcl-X
L
or Bcl-2 are overexpressed. Also an inhibitor of NF-κB.
Product Specific Literature References
Helenalin, an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone from Arnica, selectively inhibits transcription factor NF-kappaB
:
G. Lyss, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
378
, 951 (1997)
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone helenalin inhibits the transcription factor NF-kappaB by directly targeting p65:
G. Lyss, et al; J. Biol. Chem.
273
, 33508 (1998)
Abstract
Constituents of Helenium species.XIII. The structure of Helenalin and Mexicanin A
:
W. Herz, et al.; JACS
85
, 19 (1963)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Bcl-2 Family Modulators
•
Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)
•
Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
•
Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
•
NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
ALX-300-140
Revised 08-Jul-08
1,2-bis(Heptanoylthio)glycerophosphocholine
PRODUCT LINE
Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Lipid Signalling Pathways Other Products
Ordering Information
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ALX-300-140-M005
5 mg
215.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
22
H
44
NO
6
PS
2
MW:
513.7
CAS NUMBER:
89019-63-6
PURITY:
≥95%
FORMULATION:
Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY:
50 mg/ml soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; sparingly soluble in PBS, pH 7.2 (62μg/ml).
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
USE/STABILITY:
Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing aqueous solutions for more than one day.
Product Description
Substrate for the general assay of phospholipases, except Ca
2+
-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A
2
(cPLA
2
). PLA
2
hydrolyzes the
sn
-2 position of the phospholipid thiol groups. The released thiol can be estimated colorimetrically using Ellman's reagent (DTNB, Prod. No.
ALX-400-034
). For an assay kit for secretory PLA
2
(sPLA
2
) based on this substrate see Prod. No.
ALX-850-007
. For a substrate for cPLA
2
see Arachidonoyl Thio-PC (Prod. No.
ALX-300-141
).
Product Specific Literature References
Analysis of human synovial fluid phospholipase A2 on short chain phosphatidylcholine-mixed micelles: development of a spectrophotometric assay suitable for a microtiterplate reader:
L.J. Reynolds, et al.; Anal. Biochem.
204
, 190 (1992)
Abstract
Thio-based phospholipase assay:
L. Yu & E.A. Dennis; Meth. Enzymol.
197
, 65 (1991)
Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
To change the solvent, evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice. Avoid dissolving 1,2-bis(Heptanoylthio)glycerophosphocholine in basic solutions, since base treatment promotes hydrolysis of the thioester. Triton X-100 will enhance the solubility significantly. The critical micellar concentration of 1,2-bis(Heptanoylthio)glycerophosphocholine 0.17mM in 0.2M Tris-maleate buffer, pH 7.4.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Substrates
ALX-385-011
Revised 05-Apr-08
(±)-Hesperetin
SYNONYMS
(±)-3',5,7-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone
PRODUCT LINE
Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Flavanones
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ALX-385-011-G001
1 g
21.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
16
H
14
O
6
MW:
302.3
CAS NUMBER:
520-33-2
MERCK INDEX:
14:
4670
PURITY:
≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:
Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in 100% ethanol; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
+4°C
Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Anti-inflammatory. Suppresses NF-κB activation. Reduces cholesterol biosynthesis. Inhibits lipid peroxidation. Neuroprotective against neuronal oxidative damage.
Product Specific Literature References
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids:
C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med.
20
, 933 (1996), (Review)
Abstract
Lipid-lowering efficacy of hesperetin metabolites in high-cholesterol fed rats:
H. K. Kim, et al.; Clin. Chim. Acta
327
, 129 (2003)
Abstract
Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin:
J. Cho; Arch. Pharm. Res.
29
, 699 (2006)
Abstract
Modulation of the age-related nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by hesperetin:
J. Y. Kim, et al.; Aging Cell
5
, 401 (2006)
Abstract
Hesperetin Induced G1-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells: Involvement of CDK4 and p21:
E.J. Choi; Nutr. Cancer
59
, 115 (2007)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Cell Cycle Blockers & Inhibitors / Related Products
•
Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables
•
NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
•
Natural Products - Antioxidants
•
Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
•
Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
ALX-340-037
Revised 08-Jul-08
8(S)-HETE
SYNONYMS
8-Hydroxy-[S-(E,Z,Z,Z)]-5,9,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
PRODUCT LINE
Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Hydroxy, Hydroperoxy & Oxo Fatty Acids / Related Products
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