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Calcium Signalling (Intracellular)
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ALX-260-014 Revised 19-Aug-08
Calpeptin
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SYNONYMS Z-Leu-norleucinal
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calpains / Related Products
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ALX-260-014-M005   5 mg 85.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-260-014-M010   10 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H30N2O4
MW: 362.5
CAS NUMBER: 117591-20-5
PURITY: ≥94% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: 5mg/ml soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for up to 2 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Packaged under inert gas. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Protect from light and moisture.

Product Description
Membrane permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II and cathepsin L. Promotes neurite elongation in differentiating PC12 cells. Prevents Ca2+-ionophore induced degradation of actin binding protein and P235 in platelets. Inhibits myosin light chain phosphorylation in platelets stimulated by collagen, ionomycin (Prod. No. ALX-450-006) or thrombin.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibitory effect of di- and tripeptidyl aldehydes on calpains and cathepsins: T. Sasaki, et al.; J. Enz. Inhib. 3, 195 (1990) Abstract
Cell-penetrating inhibitors of calpain: S. Mehdi; TIBS 16, 150 (1991) Abstract
Specificity of calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP) inhibitors for human mu CANP and mCANP: K. Saito and R.A. Nixon; Neurochem. Res. 18, 231 (1993) Abstract
Calpeptin, a calpain inhibitor, promotes neurite elongation in differentiating PC12 cells: M. Pinter, et al.; Neurosci. Lett. 170, 91 (1994) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Cathepsin Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-270-103 Revised 28-Jan-05
NCO-700 . hemisulfate
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SYNONYMS Calpain Inhibitor
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calpains / Related Products
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ALX-270-103-M001   1 mg 75.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-103-M005   5 mg 300.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: (C26H39N3O8)2 . H2SO4
MW: 1141.3 . 98.0
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Specific thiol (cysteine) protease inhibitor. Active against calpains, cathepsin B and L and papain. Inhibits fMLP-stimulated PMN oxidant production; scavenges reactive oxygen species.
Product Specific Literature References
K. Hara & K. Takahashi; Biomed. Res. 4, 121 (1983)
Purification and characterization of cathepsin B from monkey skeletal muscle: T. Hirao, et al.; J. Biochem. 95, 871 (1984) Abstract
Ca overload and the action of calcium sensitive proteases, phospholipases and prostaglandin E2 in myocardial cell degradation: T. Toyo-oka, et al.; Basic Res. Cardiol. 80, 303 (1985) Abstract
Suppression of myocardial protein degradation by the protease inhibitor bis[ethyl(2R,3R)-3-[(S)-methyl-1-[4-(2,3,4-tri-methoxy-phenyl-methyl) piperazine-1-ylcarbonyl]butyl-carbonyl]oxiran-2-carboxylat e]sulfate under hypoxia: T. Toyo-oka, et al.; Drug Res. 36, 190 (1986) Abstract
Effect of NCO-700, an inhibitor of thiol protease, on reactive oxygen production by chemotactic peptide-stimulated rabbit peripheral granulocytes: K. Tawara, et al.; Experientia 44, 346 (1988) Abstract
A protease inhibitor, NCO-700, improves the contractile function in stunned canine myocardium: H. Ikeda, et al.; Jpn. Cir. J. 58, 713 (1994) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Cathepsin Inhibitors • Proteases Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-234 Revised 29-Jan-05
PD 150,606
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SYNONYMS 3-(4-Iodophenyl)-2-mercapto-(Z)-2-propenoic acid
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calpains / Related Products
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ALX-270-234-M005   5 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H7IO2S
MW: 306.1
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas.

Product Description
Cell permeable, selective, and non-peptide calpain inhibitor directed towards the calcium binding sites of calpain. Exhibits high specificity for calpains relative to other proteases such as cathepsin B and cathepsin L. Prevents dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in thymocytes.
Product Specific Literature References
Modulation of hypoxia-induced calpain activity in rat renal proximal tubules: C.L. Edelstein, et al.; Kidney Int. 50, 1150 (1996) Abstract
An alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid derivative is a selective nonpeptide cell-permeable calpain inhibitor and is neuroprotective: K.K. Wang, et al.; PNAS 93, 6687 (1996) Abstract
Alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid derivatives as novel selective calpain inhibitors: K.K. Wang, et al.; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 389, 95 (1996) Abstract
Crystal structure of calcium bound domain VI of calpain at 1.9A resolution and its role in enzyme assembly, regulation, and inhibitor binding: G.D. Lin, et al.; Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 539 (1997) Abstract
Calpains mediate calcium and chloride influx during the late phase of cell injury: S.L. Waters, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283, 1177 (1997) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
 
 
ALX-450-004 Revised 04-Feb-05
INDO 1 . pentapotassium salt
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-Amino-5-(6-carboxyindol-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid . 5K
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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ALX-450-004-M001   1 mg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C32H26N3O12 . 5K
MW: 644.6 . 195.5
CAS NUMBER: 132319-56-3
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Ca2+ chelator and indicator of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+.  Particularly useful in flow cytometry studies.
Product Specific Literature References
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures: R.Y. Tsien; Biochemistry 19, 2396 (1980) Abstract
A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties: G. Grynkiewicz, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3340 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Heterogeneity among T cells in intracellular free calcium responses after mitogen stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3. Simultaneous use of indo-1 and immunofluorescence with flow cytometry: P.S. Rabinovitch, et al.; J. Immunol. 137, 952 (1986) Abstract
CD5 antibodies increase intracellular ionized calcium concentration in T cells: C.H. June, et al.; J. Immunol. 138, 2782 (1987) Abstract
Diminished calcium influx in lectin-stimulated T cells from old mice: R.A. Miller, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 132, 337 (1987) Abstract
Calcium mobilization in human platelets using indo-1 and flow cytometry: L.K. Jennings, et al.; Blood 74, 2674 (1989) Abstract
Analysis of cytosolic ionized calcium variation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes using flow cytometry and Indo-1 AM: M. Lopez, et al.; Cytometry 10, 165 (1989) Abstract
Cytosolic and vacuolar Ca2+ concentrations in yeast cells measured with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence dye indo-1: D. Halachmi & Y. Eilam; FEBS Lett. 256, 55 (1989) Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ measurement with Indo-1 in substrate-attached cells: advantages and special considerations: M. Wahl, et al.; Cell Calcium 11, 487 (1990) Abstract
Calcium changes in immune complex-stimulated human neutrophils. Simultaneous measurement of receptor occupancy and activation reveals full population stimulus binding but subpopulation activation: B.A. Brunkhorst, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13035 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators • MDR Other Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes
 
 
ALX-450-005 Revised 04-Feb-05
INDO 1/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-Amino-5-(6-carboxyindol-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxymethylester
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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ALX-450-005-M001   1 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-005-M005   5 mg 520.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C47H51N3O22
MW: 1009.9
CAS NUMBER: 112926-02-0
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Cell permeable analog of INDO 1 (Prod. No. ALX-450-004). Fluorescent probe for Ca2+. After crossing the membrane, the product is rapidly hydrolyzed by cytoplasmic esterases to the membrane impermeant INDO 1.
Product Specific Literature References
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures: R.Y. Tsien; Biochemistry 19, 2396 (1980) Abstract
A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties: G. Grynkiewicz, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3440 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Measuring cytosolic free calcium concentration in endothelial cells with indo-1: the pitfall of using the ratio of two fluorescence intensities recorded at different wavelengths: A. Luckhoff; Cell Calcium 7, 233 (1986) Abstract
Cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin on B lymphocytes induces both intracellular Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx: analysis with indo-1: M.K. Bijsterbosch, et al.; BBRC 137, 500 (1986) Abstract
Heterogeneity among T cells in intracellular free calcium responses after mitogen stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3. Simultaneous use of indo-1 and immunofluorescence with flow cytometry: P.S. Rabinovitch, et al.; J. Immunol. 137, 952 (1986) Abstract
Cytosolic and vacuolar Ca2+ concentrations in yeast cells measured with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence dye indo-1: D. Halachmi & Y. Eilam; FEBS Lett. 256, 55 (1989) Abstract
Calcium mobilization in human platelets using indo-1 and flow cytometry: L.K. Jennings, et al.; Blood 74, 2674 (1989) Abstract
Analysis of cytosolic ionized calcium variation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes using flow cytometry and Indo-1 AM: M. Lopez, et al.; Cytometry 10, 165 (1989) Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ measurement with Indo-1 in substrate-attached cells: advantages and special considerations: M. Wahl, et al.; Cell Calcium 11, 487 (1990) Abstract
Calcium homeostasis in dissociated embryonic neurons: a flow cytometric analysis: J.P. Grierson, et al.; J. Neurophysiol. 67, 704 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Other Products • Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators • Calcium Indicators / Probes
 
 
ALX-450-011 Revised 26-Apr-07
TPEN
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SYNONYMS N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-450-011-M100   100 mg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H28N6
MW: 424.6
CAS NUMBER: 16858-02-9
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in dimethyl formamide, DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
An extremely high-affinity chelator of heavy metals, yet with low affinity for Mg2+ and Ca2+. Lipid-soluble, crossing both natural and artificial membranes. TPEN can be used in conjunction with QUIN 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-006) or QUIN 2/AM (Prod. No. ALX-620-007) to reduce heavy-metal quenching of QUIN 2 fluorescence in cells. Ion specificity: Zn2+>Fe2+>Mn2+>>Ca2+=Mg2+. Induces DNA fragmentation when chelated with Zn2+ and induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
H. Toftlund & S. Yde-Andersen; Acta Chem. Scand. Ser. A35, 575 (1981)
Cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in Ehrlich and Yoshida carcinomas. A new, membrane-permeant chelator of heavy metals reveals that these ascites tumor cell lines have normal cytosolic free Ca2+: P. Arslan, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2719 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Measurement of intracellular cadmium with fluorescent dyes. Further evidence for the role of calcium channels in cadmium uptake [published erratum appears in J Biol Chem 1993 Mar 15;268(8):6064]: P.M. Hinkle, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25553 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
TPEN, a transition metal chelator, improves myocardial protection during prolonged ischemia: M. Karck, et al.; J. Heart Lung Transplant 11, 979 (1992) Abstract
Mechanism of reaction of a suggested superoxide-dismutase mimic, Fe(II)- N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: L. Iuliano, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 293, 153 (1992) Abstract
Chelation of intracellular zinc triggers apoptosis in mature thymocytes: M.J. McCabe, et al.; Lab. Invest. 69, 101 (1993) Abstract
Cytotoxic actions of the heavy metal chelator TPEN on NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells: M. Adler, et al.; Neurotoxicology 20, 571 (1999) Abstract
Depletion of Intracellular Zinc and Copper with TPEN Results in Apoptosis of Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: H.J. Hyun, et al.; Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42, 460 (2001) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-450-013 Revised 22-Feb-08
BAPTA . tetrapotassium salt
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SYNONYMS 1,2-bis(2-Aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid . 4K
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-450-013-G001   1 g 98.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H20N2O10 . 4K
MW: 472.4 . 156.4
CAS NUMBER: 73630-08-7
PURITY: ≥97% (as anhydride)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.

Product Description
Highly selective Ca2+ chelating agent.
Product Specific Literature References
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures: R.Y. Tsien; Biochemistry 19, 2396 (1980) Abstract
Calcium-independent increase of transmitter release at frog end-plate by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid: H. Kijima & T. Tanabe; J. Physiol. 403, 135 (1988) Abstract
Transmitter release at frog end-plate loaded with a Ca2+-chelator, BAPTA: hypertonicity and erythrosin B augment the release independently of internal Ca2+: N. Tanabe & H. Kijima; Neurosci. Lett. 92, 52 (1988) Abstract
Properties of neuroprotective cell-permeant Ca2+ chelators: effects on [Ca2+]i and glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro: M. Tymianski, et al.; J. Neurophysiol. 72, 1973 (1994) Abstract
Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ inhibits murine keratinocyte differentiation in vitro: L. Li, et al.; J. Cell Physiol. 163, 105 (1995) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Nuclear Envelope & Nuclear Transport • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-450-014 Revised 22-Feb-08
BAPTA/AM
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SYNONYMS 1,2-bis(2-Aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl) ester
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-450-014-M010   10 mg 48.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-014-M050   50 mg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H40N2O18
MW: 764.7
CAS NUMBER: 126150-97-8
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Packaged under inert gas. Protect from light and moisture.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Cell permeable acetoxymethyl ester derivative of BAPTA (Prod. No. ALX-450-013). Useful for controlling intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Induces inactivation of protein kinase C. Also inhibits thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in rat thymocytes.
Product Specific Literature References
Physiological [Ca2+]i level and pump-leak turnover in intact red cells measured using an incorporated Ca chelator: V.L. Lew, et al.; Nature 298, 478 (1982) Abstract
BAPTA induces a decrease of intracellular free calcium and a translocation and inactivation of protein kinase C in macrophages: P. Dieter, et al.; Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 374, 171 (1993) Abstract
Intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, prevents cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation: G.E. Billman; Am. J. Physiol. 265, H1529 (1993) Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals activate apoptosis in thymocytes: studies using the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin: S. Jiang, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 212, 84 (1994) Abstract
Stimulation of the ERK pathway by GTP-loaded Rap1 requires the concomitant activation of Ras, protein kinase C, and protein kinase A in neuronal cells: T. Bouschet, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 4778 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKC Inhibitors • Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • Nuclear Envelope & Nuclear Transport
 
 
ALX-620-002 Revised 04-Feb-05
FLUO 3 . pentaammonium salt
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-Amino-5-(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid . 5NH3
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-002-M001   1 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C36H30Cl2N2O13 . 5 NH3
MW: 769.6 . 85.2
CAS NUMBER: 134907-84-9
PURITY: ≥75%
APPEARANCE: Reddish brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alkaline solution.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Ca2+ chelator and indicator. Designed to operate at longer wavelengths of excitation. Among the advantages that it offers are the suitability of argon laser sources for excitations, less interference from endogenous autofluorescence, and the possibility of using other fluorescent probes simultaneously. As with QUIN 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-006), this chelator responds to Ca2+ without significant changes in excitation or emission maxima hence ratioing techniques cannot be used for the estimation of Ca2+ concentrations. A unique feature of FLUO 3 is that both the acetoxymethyl ester (FLUO 3/AM) and the uncomplexed chelator (FLUO 3) are only weakly fluorescent, but chelation with Ca2+ produces a strong enhancement of fluorescence.
Product Specific Literature References
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures: R.Y. Tsien; Biochemistry 19, 2396 (1980) Abstract
Fluorescence measurement and photochemical manipulation of cytosolic free calcium: R.Y. Tsien; TINS 11, 419 (1988) Abstract
Kinetics of calcium binding to fluo-3 determined by stopped-flow fluorescence: M. Eberhard & P. Erne; BBRC 163, 309 (1989) Abstract
Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores: A. Minta, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8171 (1989)