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ALX-350-245

Revised 07-Apr-08

Lactacystin (native)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Proteasome / Ubiquitin Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-245-MC01		0.1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-350-245-MC05		0.5 mg	250.00 USD
ALX-350-245-M001		1 mg	445.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₇S
MW:	376.4
CAS NUMBER:	133343-34-7
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in acetonitrile (20mg/ml), 100% ethanol (1mg/ml), methanol, DMSO (20mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (20mg/ml) or water (5mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Organic stock solutions are stable for 3 months when stored at -20°C. Subject to hydrolysis in aqueous buffers. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solutions for more than one day.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Cell permeable and irreversible proteasome inhibitor. Specifically inhibits 26S proteasome (MCP; multicatalytic proteinase complex). Blocks proteasome activity by targeting the catalytic β-subunit. Has no effect on serine or cysteine proteases. Induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells. Also inhibits NF-κB activation by inhibiting IκB degradation. Inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in cell culture (IC₅₀=10µM). Inhibits cathepsin A. Upregulates HSP70 and HSP22, suggesting an initial neuroprotective pathway.

Product Specific Literature References

Lactacystin, a novel microbial metabolite, induces neuritogenesis of neuroblastoma cells: S. Omura, et al.; J. Antibiot. 44, 116 (1991) Abstract
A beta-lactone related to lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell line and inhibits cell cycle progression in an osteosarcoma cell line: G. Fenteany, et al.; PNAS 91, 3358 (1994) Abstract
Lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the proteasome, induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells: S. Imajo-Ohmi, et al.; BBRC 217, 1070 (1995) Abstract
The neuritogenesis inducer lactacystin arrests cell cycle at both G0/G1 and G2 phases in neuro 2a cells: M. Katagiri, et al.; J. Antibiotics (Tokyo) 48, 344 (1995) Abstract
Degradation process of ligand-stimulated platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor involves ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: S. Mori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29447 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Structure-activity relationships of lactacystin, the first non-protein neurotrophic factor: T. Nagamitsu, et al.; J. Antibiotics (Tokyo) 48, 747 (1995) Abstract
Neuronal differentiation of Neuro 2a cells by lactacystin and its partial inhibition by the protein phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A and okadaic acid: H. Tanaka, et al.; BBRC 216, 291 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of proteasome activities and subunit-specific amino-terminal threonine modification by lactacystin: G. Fenteany, et al.; Science 268, 726 (1995) Abstract
Proteasome-dependent regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression: M.V. Blagosklonny, et al.; BBRC 227, 564 (1996) Abstract
Enhancement of CPP32-like activity in the TNF-treated U937 cells by the proteasome inhibitors: E. Fujita, et al.; BBRC 224, 74 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in endoplasmic reticulum membranes is accelerated as a result of increased susceptibility to proteolysis: T.P. McGee, et al.; J.Biol. Chem. 271, 25630 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Lactacystin increases LDL receptor level on HepG2 cells: H. Miura, et al.; BBRC 227, 684 (1996) Abstract
Proteasome pathway operates for the degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in intact cells: Y. Murakami, et al.; Biochem. J. 317, 77 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Lactacystin, an inhibitor of the proteasome, blocks the degradation of a mutant precursor of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein in a pre-Golgi compartment: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 219, 800 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of a mutant secretory protein, alpha1-antitrypsin Z, in the endoplasmic reticulum requires proteasome activity: D. Qu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 22791 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Accelerated degradation of PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) oncoprotein by all-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia: possible role of the proteasome pathway: H. Yoshida, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2945 (1996) Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor lactacystin induces apoptosis and sensitizes chemo- and radioresistant human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes to TNF-alpha-initiated apoptosis: J. Delic, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 77, 1103 (1998) Abstract
Lactacystin, proteasome function, and cell fate: G. Fenteany & S.L. Schreiber; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8545 (1998), (Review) Abstract; Full Text
Proteasome inhibitors prevent the degradation of familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 and potentiate A beta 42 recovery from human cells: P. Marambaud, et al.; Mol. Med. 4, 147 (1998) Abstract
The role of proteolysis during differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei from the bloodstream to the procyclic form: M.C. Mutomba & C.C. Wang; Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 93, 11 (1998) Abstract
Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor: discovery and its application in cell biology: H. Tomoda & S. Omura; Yakugaku Zasshi 120, 935 (2000), Review Abstract
Lactacystin inhibits cathepsin A activity in melanoma cell lines: L. Kozlowski, et al.; Tumour Biol. 22, 211 (2001) Abstract
Proteasome inhibition by lactacystin in primary neuronal cells induces both potentially neuroprotective and pro-apoptotic transcriptional responses: a microarray analysis: E.H. Yew, et al.; J. Neurochem. 94, 943 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Heat Shock Proteins Other Products • Proteasome / Related Products • Antibiotics for Angiogenesis Research • Antibiotics - NF-kB Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Antibiotics • NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors

ALX-350-254

Revised 10-Mar-08

Epoxomicin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Proteasome / Ubiquitin Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-254-C050		50 µg	132.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₈H₅₀N₄O₇
MW:	554.7
CAS NUMBER:	134381-21-8
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3630
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (15mg/ml); insoluble in water.
ACTIVITY:	k_obs/[I] = 25’000M^-1s^-1 versus 20S proteasome.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. Protect from light.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR.

Product Description

Cell permeable, potent and selective proteasome inhibitor originally isolated from Actinomycetes strain based on its potent in vivo antitumor activity. More potent inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome than lactacystin. Effectively inhibits NF-κB activation in vitro and potently blocks inflammation in vivo in the mouse ear edema assay.

Product Specific Literature References

Epoxomicin, a new antitumor agent of microbial origin: M. Hanada, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 45, 1746 (1992) Abstract
Proteasome inhibition by the natural products epoxomicin and dihydroeponemycin: insights into specificity and potency: K.B. Kim, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 3335 (1999) Abstract
Epoxomicin, a potent and selective proteasome inhibitor, exhibits in vivo antiinflammatory activity: L. Meng, et al.; PNAS 96, 10403 (1999) Abstract
Total synthesis of the potent proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin: a useful tool for understanding proteasome biology: N. Sin, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 2283 (1999) Abstract
The selective proteasome inhibitors lactacystin and epoxomicin can be used to either up- or down-regulate antigen presentation at nontoxic doses: K. Schwarz, et al.; J. Immunol. 164, 6147 (2000) Abstract
Establishment and some characteristics of epoxomicin (a proteasome inhibitor) resistant variants of the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, A431: K. Ohkawa, et al.; Int. J. Oncol. 24, 425 (2004) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ALX-350-258

Revised 08-Apr-08

Parthenolide
SYNONYMS	(1aR-[1aR,4E,7aS,-10aS,-10bR])-2,3-6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-Octahydro-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methyleneoxireno[9,10]cyclo deca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-258-M005		5 mg	15.00 USD
ALX-350-258-M025		25 mg	30.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₂₀O₃
MW:	248.3
CAS NUMBER:	20554-84-1
MERCK INDEX:	14: 7048
RTECS:	LY4220000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from feverfew leaves.
PURITY:	≥99% (TLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (100mg/ml), dichloromethane (50mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (20mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Sesquiterpene lactone. Anti-inflammatory compound. Specifically inhibits activation of NF-κB by preventing the degradation of IκBα and IκBβ. Inhibits activation of MAP kinase (MAPK/ERK) and generation of leukotriene B₄ and thromboxane B₂. Potent anticancer agent. Induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Specifically inhibits histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) without affecting other class I/II HDACs. Inhibits tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCP) activity.

Product Specific Literature References

A comparison of the effects of an extract of feverfew and parthenolide, a component of feverfew, on human platelet activity in-vitro: W.A. Groenewegen & S. Heptinstall; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42, 553 (1990) Abstract
Feverfew extracts and parthenolide irreversibly inhibit vascular responses of the rabbit aorta: R.W. Barsby, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 44, 737 (1992) Abstract
Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase in leukocytes by feverfew. Involvement of sesquiterpene lactones and other components: H. Sumner, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 43, 2313 (1992) Abstract
Inhibition of the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase and proinflammatory cytokines by sesquiterpene lactones in macrophages correlates with the inhibition of MAP kinases: D. Hwang, et al.; BBRC 226, 810 (1996) Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones specifically inhibit activation of NF-kappa B by preventing the degradation of I kappa B-alpha and I kappa B-beta: S.P. Hehner, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 1288 (1998) Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells: H.R. Wong & I.Y. Menendez; BBRC 262, 375 (1999) Abstract
The antiinflammatory sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide inhibits NF- kappa B by targeting the I kappa B kinase complex: S.P. Hehner, et al.; J. Immunol. 163, 5617 (1999) Abstract
Paclitaxel sensitivity of breast cancer cells with constitutively active NF-kappaB is enhanced by IkappaBalpha super-repressor and parthenolide: N.M. Patel, et al.; Oncogene 19, 4159 (2000) Abstract
Antitumor agent parthenolide reverses resistance of breast cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand through sustained activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase: H. Nakshatri, et al.; Oncogene 23, 7330 (2004) Abstract
Involvement of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members in parthenolide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis: S. Zhang, et al.; Cancer Lett. 211, 175 (2004) Abstract
Parthenolide-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells involves reactive oxygen species generation and cell sensitivity depends on catalase activity: W. Wang, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2225 (2006) Abstract
Parthenolide inhibits tubulin carboxypeptidase activity: X. Fonrose, et al.; Cancer Res. 67, 3371 (2007) Abstract
Parthenolide specifically depletes histone deacetylase 1 protein and induces cell death through ataxia telangiectasia mutated: Y.N. Gopal, et al.; Chem. Biol. 14, 813 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MAPK Pathway Inhibitors • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • COX Inhibitors • Other Natural Products for Inflammation Research

ALX-350-259

Revised 17-Dec-07

Triptolide
SYNONYMS	PG490
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-259-M001		1 mg	70.00 USD
ALX-350-259-M005		5 mg	280.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₄O₆
MW:	360.4
CAS NUMBER:	38748-32-2
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Immunosuppressive agent with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. More effective in preventing T cell proliferation and interferon-γ production than FK506 (Prod. No. ALX-380-008). Induces apoptosis in T cells by activating DEVD cleaving caspases. Blocks TNF-α mediated induction of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 and NF-κB activation.

Product Specific Literature References

Triptolide induces apoptotic death of T lymphocyte: Y. Yang, et al.; Immunopharmacology 40, 139 (1998) Abstract
Triptolide is more effective in preventing T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production than is FK506: M.A. Chan, et al.; Phytother. Res. 13, 464 (1999) Abstract
Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) inhibits T-cell interleukin-2 expression at the level of purine-box/nuclear factor of activated T- cells and NF-kappaB transcriptional activation: D. Qiu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13443 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
PG490 (triptolide) cooperates with tumor necrosis factor-alpha to induce apoptosis in tumor cells: K.Y. Lee, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13451 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of triptolide, the principal active diterpenoid from the Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f:: D. Qiu & P.N. Kao; Drugs R. D. 4, 1 (2003), (Review) Abstract
Triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxide, induces antitumor proliferation via activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 by decreasing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in human tumor cells: Y. Miyata, et al.; BBRC 336, 1081 (2005) Abstract
Triptolide, an inhibitor of the human heat shock response that enhances stress-induced cell death: S.D. Westerheide, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 281, 9616 (2006) Abstract
Triptolide induces caspase-dependent cell death mediated via the mitochondrial pathway in leukemic cells: B.Z. Carter, et al.; Blood 108, 630 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-350-260

Revised 11-Aug-08

Lactacystin (synthetic)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Proteasome / Ubiquitin Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-260-MC01		0.1 mg	95.00 USD
ALX-350-260-M001		1 mg	730.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₇S
MW:	376.4
CAS NUMBER:	133343-34-7
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in acetonitrile (20mg/ml), 100% ethanol (1mg/ml), methanol, DMSO (20mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (20mg/ml) or water (5mg/ml).
ACTIVITY:	k_obs/[I]=4’000M^-1sec^-1 versus 20S:PA28 complex.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Organic stock solutions are stable for 3 months when stored at -20°C. Subject to hydrolysis in aqueous buffers. We do not recommend storing aqueous solutions for more than one day.
HANDLING:	Protect from light. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR.

Product Description

Cell permeable and irreversible proteasome inhibitor. Specifically inhibits 26S proteasome (MCP; multicatalytic proteinase complex). Blocks proteasome activity by targeting the catalytic β-subunit. Has no effect on serine or cysteine proteases. Induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells. Also inhibits NF-κB activation by inhibiting IκB degradation. Inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in cell culture (IC₅₀=10µM). Inhibits cathepsin A . Upregulates HSP70 and HSP22, suggesting an initial neuroprotective pathway.

Product Specific Literature References

Lactacystin, a novel microbial metabolite, induces neuritogenesis of neuroblastoma cells: S. Omura, et al.; J. Antibiot. 44, 113 (1991) Abstract
A beta-lactone related to lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell line and inhibits cell cycle progression in an osteosarcoma cell line: G. Fenteany, et al.; PNAS 91, 3358 (1994) Abstract
Lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the proteasome, induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells: S. Imajo-Ohmi, et al.; BBRC 217, 1070 (1995) Abstract
The neuritogenesis inducer lactacystin arrests cell cycle at both G0/G1 and G2 phases in neuro 2a cells: M. Katagiri, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48, 344 (1995) Abstract
Degradation process of ligand-stimulated platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor involves ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: S. Mori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29447 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Structure-activity relationships of lactacystin, the first non-protein neurotrophic factor: T. Nagamitsu, et al.; J. Antibiotics 48, 747 (1995) Abstract
Neuronal differentiation of Neuro 2a cells by lactacystin and its partial inhibition by the protein phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A and okadaic acid: H. Tanaka, et al.; BBRC 216, 291 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of proteasome activities and subunit-specific amino-terminal threonine modification by lactacystin: G. Fenteany, et al.; Science 268, 726 (1995) Abstract
Proteasome-dependent regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression: M.V. Blagosklonny, et al.; BBRC 227, 564 (1996) Abstract
Enhancement of CPP32-like activity in the TNF-treated U937 cells by the proteasome inhibitors: E. Fujita, et al.; BBRC 224, 74 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in endoplasmic reticulum membranes is accelerated as a result of increased susceptibility to proteolysis: T.P. McGee, et al.; J.Biol. Chem. 271, 25630 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Lactacystin increases LDL receptor level on HepG2 cells: H. Miura, et al.; BBRC 227, 684 (1996) Abstract
Proteasome pathway operates for the degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in intact cells: Y. Murakami, et al.; Biochem. J. 317, 77 (1996) Abstract
Lactacystin, an inhibitor of the proteasome, blocks the degradation of a mutant precursor of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein in a pre-Golgi compartment: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 219, 800 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of a mutant secretory protein, alpha1-antitrypsin Z, in the endoplasmic reticulum requires proteasome activity: D. Qu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 22791 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Accelerated degradation of PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) oncoprotein by all-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia: possible role of the proteasome pathway: H. Yoshida, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2945 (1996) Abstract
Lactacystin and clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone modify multiple proteasome beta-subunits and inhibit intracellular protein degradation and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation: A. Craiu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 13437 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
The proteasome inhibitor lactacystin induces apoptosis and sensitizes chemo- and radioresistant human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes to TNF-alpha-initiated apoptosis: J. Delic, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 77, 1103 (1998) Abstract
Lactacystin, proteasome function, and cell fate: G. Fenteany & S.L. Schreiber; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8545 (1998), (Review) Abstract; Full Text
The role of proteolysis during differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei from the bloodstream to the procyclic form: M.C. Mutomba, et al.; Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 93, 11 (1998) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors prevent the degradation of familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 and potentiate A beta 42 recovery from human cells: P. Marambaud, et al.; Mol. Med. 4, 147 (1998) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin hyperphosphorylate HSF1 and induce hsp70 and hsp27 expression: D. Kim, et al.; BBRC 254, 264 (1999) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors induce mitochondria-independent apoptosis in human glioma cells: H. Kitagawa, et al.; FEBS Lett. 443, 181 (1999) Abstract
Lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the proteasome, induces apoptosis and activates caspase-3 in cultured cerebellar granule cells: L.A. Pasquini, et al.; J. Neurosci. Res. 59, 601 (2000) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors induce cytochrome c-caspase-3-like protease- mediated apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons: J.H. Qiu, et al.; J. Neurosci. 20, 259 (2000) Abstract
Lactacystin activates FLICE (caspase 8) protease and induces apoptosis in Fas-resistant adult T-cell leukemia cell lines: Y. Yamada, et al.; Eur. J. Haematol. 64, 315 (2000) Abstract
Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor: discovery and its application in cell biology: H. Tomoda & S. Omura; Yakugaku Zasshi 120, 935 (2000), Review Abstract
Lactacystin inhibits cathepsin A activity in melanoma cell lines: L. Kozlowski, et al.; Tumour Biol. 22, 211 (2001) Abstract
Proteasome inhibition by lactacystin in primary neuronal cells induces both potentially neuroprotective and pro-apoptotic transcriptional responses: a microarray analysis: E.H. Yew, et al.; J. Neurochem. 94, 943 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ALX-350-261

Revised 07-Oct-08

Trichodion
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-261-C100		100 µg	85.00 USD
ALX-350-261-C500		500 µg	250.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₂H₁₄O₅
MW:	238.2
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Trichosporiella sp.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Cytotoxic. Inhibits NF-κB (IC₅₀=42-84µM), AP-1 (IC₅₀=21µM) and STAT1α mediated gene expression induced by IFN-γ resulting in inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS ll) expression.

Product Specific Literature References

Trichodion, a new inhibitor of inflammatory signal transduction pathways from a Trichosporiella species: G. Erkel; FEBS Lett. 477, 219 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Trichodion, a new bioactive pyrone from a Trichosporiella species: G. Erkel, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 53, 1401 (2000) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • COX Inhibitors • Other Natural Products for Inflammation Research

ALX-350-277

Revised 03-Apr-08

Betulinic acid (high purity)
SYNONYMS	3β-Hydroxy-20(29)-lupaene-28-oic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-277-M005		5 mg	32.00 USD
ALX-350-277-M025		25 mg	95.00 USD
ALX-350-277-M100		100 mg	290.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₀H₄₈O₃
MW:	456.7
CAS NUMBER:	472-15-1
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Platanus acerifolia (plane) tree bark.
PURITY:	≥99%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Keep cool and dry.
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.

Product Description

Antitumor and anti-HIV agent. Induces apoptosis by activating mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Inhibits NF-κB activation and NF-κB-regulated gene expression induced by carcinogens and inflammatory stimuli. Decreases expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. Potent proteasome activator.

Product Specific Literature References

Anti-AIDS agents, 11. Betulinic acid and platanic acid as anti-HIV principles from Syzigium claviflorum, and the anti-HIV activity of structurally related triterpenoids: T. Fujioka, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 57, 243 (1994) Abstract
Discovery of betulinic ac