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cGMP Pathways
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ALX-620-079 Revised 11-Aug-06
CPF4
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SYNONYMS Coumarin phosphodiester-linked fluorescein
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Phosphodiesterases / Related Products
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ALX-620-079-C250   250 µg 381.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-620-079-C500   500 µg 667.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C44H28ClN2O14P
MW: 875.1
PURITY: ≥99% (1H-NMR)
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mM) or in aqueous buffers, pH>8.5.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep cool and dry.
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Product Description
Enzyme-cleavable FRET sensor molecule for the ratiometric measurement of phosphodiesterase activity. This is an effective method for the monitoring of phosphodiesterase activity in real time with high sensitivity; a large spectral shift in the emission spectrum is noticed after hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linker by phosphodiesterase I (Ex(max): 370nm; Em(max) uncleaved: 515nm; Em(max) cleaved: 450nm). The role of NPPs (pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases) can also be investigated.
Product Specific Literature References
Design and synthesis of an enzyme-cleavable sensor molecule for phosphodiesterase activity based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer: H. Takakusa, et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 1653 (2002) Abstract
Design and Synthesis of Intramolecular Resonance-Energy Transfer Probes for Use in Ratiometric Measurements in Aqueous Solution: Y. Kawanishi, et al.; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 39, 3438 (2000) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) is a radiationless transmission of an energy quantum between two fluorophores which are in close proximity. Cleavage of a chemical bond between these fluorophores, which have an overlap in their spectra, results in a large shift in the emission spectra. Addition of phosphodiesterase I, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds (substrates are nucleic acids and cyclic nucleotides), to an aqueous solution of CPF4 results in an increase in the donor fluorescence and a decrease in the acceptor fluorescence. CPF4 is an effective tool for the monitoring of the activity of phosphodiesterases in real time with high sensitivity.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-430-086 Revised 13-Dec-06
DD1
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SYNONYMS 3-Bromo-3,4,4-trimethyl-3,4-dihydrodiazete 1,2-dioxide
PRODUCT LINE Nitric Oxide Pathway
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nitric Oxide Donors
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ALX-430-086-M010   10 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-086-M050   50 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H9BrN2O2
MW: 209.0
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Crystals.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or water (10mM).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Guanylyl cyclase activator. Cell permeable thiol-induced nitric oxide donor with strong vasodilator effects.
Product Specific Literature References
Kinetics of nitric oxide liberation by 3,4-dihydro-1,2-diazete 1,2- dioxides and their vasodilatory properties in vitro and in vivo: D.I. Utepbergenov, et al.; BBRC 214, 1023 (1995) Abstract
Thiol-induced nitric oxide release from 3-halogeno-3,4-dihydrodiazete 1,2-dioxides: I.A. Kirilyuk, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 41, 1027 (1998) Abstract
Geldanamycin leads to superoxide formation by enzymatic and non-enzymatic redox cycling. Implications for studies of Hsp90 and endothelial cell nitric-oxide synthase: S. Dikalov, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25480 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Inflammatory cytokines induce apoptosis of corneal endothelium through nitric oxide: P. Sagoo, et al.; Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45, 3964 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Guanylyl Cyclases, Guanosine Phosphate Metabolism / Related Products
 
 
ALX-430-087 Revised 23-Feb-05
DD2
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SYNONYMS 3-Bromo-4-methyl-3,4-hexamethylene-3,4-dihydrodiazete 1,2-dioxide
PRODUCT LINE Nitric Oxide Pathway
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nitric Oxide Donors
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ALX-430-087-M010   10 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-087-M050   50 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H11BrN2O2
MW: 235.1
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Crystals.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (3.5mM), DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Guanylyl cyclase activator. Cell permeable thiol-induced nitric oxide donor with strong vasodilator effects.
Product Specific Literature References
Kinetics of nitric oxide liberation by 3,4-dihydro-1,2-diazete 1,2- dioxides and their vasodilatory properties in vitro and in vivo: D.I. Utepbergenov, et al.; BBRC 214, 1023 (1995) Abstract
Thiol-induced nitric oxide release from 3-halogeno-3,4-dihydrodiazete 1,2-dioxides: I.A. Kirilyuk, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 41, 1027 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Guanylyl Cyclases, Guanosine Phosphate Metabolism / Related Products
 
 
ALX-480-046 Revised 17-Sep-08
N2,2'-O-Dibutyrylguanosine 3',5'-cyclic Monophosphate . sodium salt
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SYNONYMS Dibutyryl-cGMP . Na
DBcGMP . Na
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY cGMP Derivatives
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ALX-480-046-M005   5 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-046-M025   25 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C18H23N5O9P . Na
MW: 484.4 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 51116-00-8
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, DMSO, dimethyl formamide or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR, MS and UV.

Product Description
Activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Cell permeable. For a better and more selective agonist, use 8-pCPT-cGMP (Prod. No. ALX-480-031 or Prod. No. ALX-480-088).
Product Specific Literature References
Analogs of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP: general methods of synthesis and the relationship of structure to enzymic activity: R.B. Meyer & J.P. Miller; Life Sci. 14, 1019 (1974) Abstract
Relaxation of hormonally stimulated smooth muscular tissues by the 8- bromo derivative of cyclic GMP: K.D. Schultz, et al.; Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 306, 1 (1979) Abstract
Relaxation of vascular and tracheal smooth muscle by cyclic nucleotide analogs that preferentially activate purified cGMP-dependent protein kinase: S.G. Francis, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 34, 506 (1988) Abstract
Cyclic GMP analogs inhibit gamma thrombin-induced arachidonic acid release in human platelets: D.C. Sane, et al.; BBRC 165, 708 (1989) Abstract
Analysis of the functional role of cGMP-dependent protein kinase in intact human platelets using a specific activator 8-para-chlorophenylthio-cGMP: E. Butt, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 43, 2591 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKG Activators
 
 
ALX-850-005 Revised 24-Feb-05
cGMP EIA Kit
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY PKG Kits
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ALX-850-005-KI01   1 Kit 412.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
QUANTITY: 96 wells (~80 tests).
APPLICATION: For the measurement of cGMP.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Guanylyl Cyclases, Guanosine Phosphate Metabolism / Related Products • ELISA & EIA Kits
 
 
ALX-202-049 Revised 14-Jun-05
cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase Iα (bovine)
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SYNONYMS Protein Kinase G Iα (bovine)
cGK Iα (bovine)
PKG Iα (bovine)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY PKG
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ALX-202-049-C005   5 µg 310.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~74kDa; monomer.
EC: 2.7.1.37
SOURCE/HOST: Native protein isolated from bovine lung.
CONCENTRATION: 100µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 10mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, containing 1mM EDTA, 15mM β-mercaptoethanol, 10U/ml Trasylol and 50% glycerol.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: 2U/mg protein. 10-fold stimulation by cGMP (5µM). One unit is defined as 1µmol/min/mg using VASPtide (RRKVSKQE) as substrate, under the following optimal conditions: 10mM HEPES, pH 7.4, containing 5mM MgCl2, 1mM DTE, 0.2mM EDTA.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Specific Literature References
Immunological distinction between guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate- dependent and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases: U. Walter, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3757 (1980) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P00516: cGMP-dependent Kinase Ia (bovine)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000043: cGMP-dependent Kinase I (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes • Natural Proteins
 
 
ALX-201-071 Revised 12-Jul-06
cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase Iβ (human) (recombinant)
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SYNONYMS Protein Kinase G Iβ (human) (recombinant)
cGK Iβ (bovine) (recombinant)
PKG Iβ (human) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY PKG
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ALX-201-071-C005   5 µg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~76kDa; monomer.
EC: 2.7.1.37
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in Sf9 cells [1].
CONCENTRATION: 50µg/ml
PURITY: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 20mM TRIS, pH 7.4, containing 1mM EDTA, 1mM β-mercaptoethanol, 100mM NaCl, 10U/ml trasylol and 50% glycerol.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ~1.5-5U/mg protein. 25-fold stimulation by cGMP (5µM). One unit corresponds to 1µmol/mg/min using VASPtide (RRKVSKQE) as substrate under the following optimal conditions: 10mM HEPES, pH 7.4, containing 5mM MgCl2, 1mM DTE, 0.2mM EDTA.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Enzyme is relatively unstable. To prevent loss of activity when performing experiments, keep the stock vial of the enzyme on ice at all times. Enzyme loses activity during a single freeze/thaw cycle.
HANDLING: After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Expression, purification, and characterization of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases I beta and II using the baculovirus system: D. Pöhler, et al.; FEBS Lett. 374, 419 (1995) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P14619: PKG Iβ (human)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000043: PKG I (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes • Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins
 
 
ALX-201-072 Revised 06-Oct-06
cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase II (rat) (recombinant)
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SYNONYMS PKG II (rat) (recombinant)
cGK II (rat) (recombinant)
Protein Kinase G II (rat) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY PKG
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ALX-201-072-C005   5 µg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~86kDa; monomer.
EC: 2.7.1.37
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in Sf9 cells [1].
CONCENTRATION: 50µg/ml
PURITY: ≥90% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 20mM TRIS, pH 7.4, containing 1mM EDTA, 5mM β-mercaptoethanol, 100mM NaCl, 10U/ml trasylol, 0.015% NP40 and 50% glycerol.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ~0.5-2.0U/mg protein. 5-fold activation by cGMP (5µM). One unit corresponds to 1µmol/mg/min using VASPtide (RRKVSKQE) as substrate, under the following optimal conditions: 10mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 5mM MgCl2, 1mM DTE, 0.2mM EDTA.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: The enzyme is relatively unstable. To prevent loss of activity when performing experiments, keep the stock vial of the enzyme on ice (0-4°C) at all times. The enzyme loses activity during a single freeze/thaw cycle.
To avoid adherence of the product to plastic, the use of siliconized vials and tips is recommended.
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Expression, purification, and characterization of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases I beta and II using the baculovirus system: D. Pöhler, et al.; FEBS Lett. 374, 419 (1995) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link Q64595: cGMP-dependent Kinase II (rat)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000044:  cGMP-dependent Kinase II (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes • Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins
 
 
ALX-480-059 Revised 09-Mar-06
Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic Monophosphate . sodium salt
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SYNONYMS cGMP . Na
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY cGMP Derivatives
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ALX-480-059-M025   25 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-059-M100   100 mg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H11N5O7P . Na
MW: 344.2 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 40732-48-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2709
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Intracellular messenger implicated in mediating action of nitric oxide (NO) in many cell types. Target receptors for the second messenger guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) include protein kinase G (PKG) isozymes, cGMP-dependent ion channels as well as cGMP-responsive phosphodiesterases. In presence of corresponding phosphodiesterases cGMP is metabolized rapidly. Suppresses apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Cyclic GMP metabolism and involvement in biological regulation: N.D. Goldberg & M.K. Haddox; Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46, 823 (1977) Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta suppresses apoptosis in rat ovarian follicles by increasing nitric oxide production: S.Y. Chun, et al.; Endocrinology 136, 3120 (1995) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Guanylyl Cyclases, Guanosine Phosphate Metabolism / Related Products • Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
 
 
ALX-480-072 Revised 16-Jun-06
Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic Monophosphothioate, Rp-Isomer . sodium salt
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SYNONYMS Rp-cGMPS . Na
cGMPS . Na, Rp-Isomer
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY cGMP Derivatives
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ALX-480-072-M001   1 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H11N5O6SP . Na
MW: 360.3 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 86562-09-6 (free acid)
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) 1α (cGMP antagonist). Resistant against mammalian cyclic nucleotid-dependent phosphodiesterases. No metabolic side effects. Low membrane permeability.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase by (Rp)-guanosine 3',5'- monophosphorothioates: E. Butt, et al.; FEBS Lett. 263, 47 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated effects by (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS: E. Butt, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 116, 3110 (1995) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKG Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-480-073 Revised 06-Dec-04
Guanosine-3',5'-cyclic Monophosphothioate, Sp-Isomer . sodium salt
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SYNONYMS Sp-cGMPS . Na
cGMPS . Na, Sp-Isomer
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY cGMP Derivatives
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ALX-480-073-MC05   0.5 mg 95.00 USD