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ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
You are here: Product Lines > Signal Transduction > Ras Signalling Pathway > ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
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ALX-350-019 Revised 16-Oct-08
(+)-Brefeldin A
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SYNONYMS BFA
Ascotoxin
Decumbin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M005   5 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M010   10 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M025   25 mg 270.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M050   50 mg 420.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C16H24O4
MW: 280.4
CAS NUMBER: 20350-15-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1369
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, methanol, acetone or ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Inhibitor of intracellular protein transport and protein secretion, interfering with trafficking in the trans-Golgi network, leading to the accumulation of cycling proteins in ERGIC clusters. Blocks ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) in an inactive GDP-bound conformation and thereby prevents binding of COPI coats to ERGIC and Golgi membranes. Upon brefeldin A treatment the Golgi rapidly tubulates and fuses with the ER by an energy-, temperature-, and microtubule-dependent process. In contrast, the drug has little effect on the ERGIC, which keeps its identity, although the ERGIC clusters become larger and more uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cells. Inhibits intracellular collagen degradation. Also inhibits apical Na+ channels in epithelia. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Decumbin, a new compound from a species of Penicillium: V.L. Singleton, et al.; Nature 181, 1072 (1958)
Über die Isolierung neuer Stoffwechselprodukte aus Penicillium brefeldianum Dodge.: E. Harri, et al.; Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1235 (1963)
Novel blockade by brefeldin A of intracellular transport of secretory proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes: Y. Misumi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 261, 11398 (1986) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A causes disassembly of the Golgi complex and accumulation of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum: T. Fujiwara, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18545 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A, thapsigargin, and AIF4- stimulate the accumulation of GRP78 mRNA in a cycloheximide dependent manner, whilst induction by hypoxia is independent of protein synthesis: B.D. Price, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 152, 545 (1992) Abstract
Brefeldin A and the endocytic pathway. Possible implications for membrane traffic and sorting: W. Hunziker, et al.; FEBS Lett. 307, 93 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibits degradation as well as production and secretion of collagen in human lung fibroblasts: C.R. Ripley, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3677 (1993) Abstract
Brefeldin A is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells independently of p53: R.G. Shao, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 227, 190 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibition of apical Na+ channels in epithelia: R.S. Fisher, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 270, C138 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A: deciphering an enigmatic inhibitor of secretion: A. Nebenfuhr, et al.; Plant Physiol. 130, 1102 (2002), Review Abstract
NKT cells provide help for dendritic cell-dependent priming of MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells in vivo: D. Stober, et al.; J. Immunol. 170, 2540 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Interaction of BIG2, a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein, with exocyst protein Exo70: K.F. Xu, et al.; PNAS 102, 2784 (2005) Abstract
 
 
ALX-208-002 Revised 03-Nov-08
C3 Exoenzyme
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-208-002-C010   10 µg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-208-002-C050   50 µg 390.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Clostridium botulinum.
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml after reconstitution.
PURITY: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized from 5mM HEPES, pH 8.0.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with 10µl/50µl distilled water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Description
Exhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Not neurotoxic. Not cell permeable. The substrate for C3 exoenzyme has been identified as Rho, a GTP-binding Ras-related protein. Rac proteins are approximately 100-fold less active as substrates. The ADP-ribosylation site of exoenzyme C3 on rho A has been identified as Asn41.
Product Specific Literature References
ADP-ribosylation of platelet actin by botulinum C2 toxin: K. Aktories, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 161, 155 (1986) Abstract
K. Aktories, et al.; TIPS 8, 158 (1987)
Clostridium botulinum type C produces a novel ADP-ribosyltransferase distinct from botulinum C2 toxin: K. Aktories, et al.; FEBS Lett. 212, 109 (1987) Abstract
Botulinum C2 toxin ADP-ribosylates actin and disorganizes the microfilament network in intact cells: K.H. Reuner, et al.; Eur. J. Cell Biol. 43, 134 (1987) Abstract
Botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3. Purification of the enzyme and characterization of the ADP-ribosylation reaction in platelet membranes: K. Aktories, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 172, 445 (1988) Abstract
Functional modification of a 21-kilodalton G protein when ADP- ribosylated by exoenzyme C3 of Clostridium botulinum: E.J. Rubin, et al.; Mol. Cell Biol. 8, 418 (1988) Abstract
The rho gene product expressed in E. coli is a substrate of botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3: K. Aktories, et al.; BBRC 158, 209 (1989) Abstract
K. Aktories and A. Hall; TIPS 10, 415 (1989) Abstract
The mammalian G protein rhoC is ADP-ribosylated by Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 and affects actin microfilaments in Vero cells: P. Chardin, et al.; EMBO J. 8, 1087 (1989) Abstract
Asparagine residue in the rho gene product is the modification site for botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase: A. Sekine, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8602 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Microinjection of recombinant p21rho induces rapid changes in cell morphology: H.F. Paterson, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 111, 1001 (1990) Abstract
Characterization of the C3 gene of Clostridium botulinum types C and D and its expression in Escherichia coli: A. Popoff, et al.; Infect. Immun. 59, 3673 (1991) Abstract
The ras protein family: evolutionary tree and role of conserved amino acids: A. Valencia, et al.; Biochemistry 30, 4637 (1991) Abstract
ADP-ribosylation of the ras-related, GTP-binding protein RhoA inhibits lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity: P. Lang, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 11677 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
A rho gene product in human blood platelets. II. Effects of the ADP- ribosylation by botulinum C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase on platelet aggregation: N. Morii, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20921 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors: A.J. Ridley, et al.; Cell 70, 389 (1992) Abstract
Involvement of rho p21 and its inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein (rho GDI) in cell motility: K. Takaishi, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 72 (1993) Abstract
Effect of botulinum C3 exoenzyme on cell growth and cytoskeleton organization in transformed human epidermal cells in culture: a possible role for rho protein in epidermal cells: M. Yamamoto, et al.; J. Dermatol. Sci. 8, 103 (1994) Abstract
General Information
All proteins encoded by the superfamily of ras genes are structurally related, bind GTP and exhibit GTPase activity which is regulated by divalent cations. In human cells, three slight variations of the Rho protein (Rho A, B and C, respectively) have been described.
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION APD-ribosylation is performed as described by Chardin et al. Target G proteins or subcellular fractions corresponding to 50-70µg protein are incubated for 1 hour at 37°C with 20-30ng of C3 in a 10mM HEPES buffer, pH 8.0 containing, 15mM isonicotinic acid hydrazide, 15mM thymidine, 1mM MgCl2, 1mM ATP, 2µM [32P]NAD. The reaction is stopped by addition of 0.06M TRIS-HCl, pH 7.0, 15% (v/v) glycerol, 5% β-mercaptoethanol, 2.3% SDS and 0.001% bromophenol blue. The mixture may then be subjected to SDS-PAGE.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
EnzymesNatural Proteins
 
 
ALX-350-240 Revised 05-Dec-07
Ilimaquinone
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SYNONYMS 3-[(Decahydro-1β,2β,4αβ-trimethyl-5-methylene-1-naphthyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoquinone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-350-240-C100   100 µg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H30O4
MW: 358.5
CAS NUMBER: 71678-03-0
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Displays antimicrobial, anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory properties. Induces reversible breakdown of Golgi membranes. Inhibits the association of β-COP and ADP-ribosylation factor to Golgi membranes. Interacts with methylation enzymes. Shows anticancer activity.
Product Specific Literature References
R.T. Luibrand, et al.; Tetrahedron 35, 609 (1979)
Complete vesiculation of Golgi membranes and inhibition of protein transport by a novel sea sponge metabolite, ilimaquinone: P.A. Takizawa, et al.; Cell 73, 1079 (1993) Abstract
Interactions of (-)-ilimaquinone with methylation enzymes: implications for vesicular-mediated secretion: H.S. Radeke, et al.; Chem. Biol. 6, 639 (1999) Abstract
Ilimaquinone inhibits gap-junctional communication prior to Golgi fragmentation and block in protein transport: V. Cruciani, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 287, 130 (2003) Abstract
Natural products with anti-HIV activity from marine organisms: L.A. Tziveleka, et al.; Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 3, 1512 (2003), Review Abstract
Interaction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria: J.G. Goetz & I.R. Nabi; Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34, 370 (2006), Review Abstract
Ilimaquinone, a marine sponge metabolite, displays anticancer activity via GADD153-mediated pathway: P.H. Lu, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 556, 45 (2007) Abstract
 
 
ALX-804-028 Revised 12-Jun-08
Monoclonal Antibody to ADP-ribosylation Factor (1D9)
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SYNONYMS anti-ARF MAb (1D9)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
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ALX-804-028-R100   100 µl 379.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Mouse
Rat
Dog
Others
CLONE: 1D9
ISOTYPE: Mouse IgG1
FORMULATION: Liquid. Ascites diluted in PBS containing 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant human ARF1 (ADP-ribosylation factor-1).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human, mouse, rat, dog and hamster ARF1, ARF3, ARF5 and ARF6. Detects a band of ~21kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION: Immunocytochemistry
Immunohistochemistry (1:500)
Immunoprecipitation
Western Blot (1:500)
Note: Not suitable for neutralizing ARF in solution.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Specific Literature References
Intracellular distribution of Arf proteins in mammalian cells. Arf6 is uniquely localized to the plasma membrane: M.M. Cavenagh, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 21767 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Vesicles & Membrane Trafficking Other ProductsMonoclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-804-420 Revised 04-Mar-05
Monoclonal Antibody to Cytohesin-1/2 (human) (6G11)
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SYNONYMS anti-B2-1/ARNO (human) MAb (6G11)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
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ALX-804-420-C100   100 µg 379.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
CLONE: 6G11
ISOTYPE: Mouse IgG1
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml.
FORMULATION: Liquid. PEG purified antibody in PBS containing 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Purified human cytohesin-1 (B2-1).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human cytohesin-1 and cytohesin-2. Detects a band of ~48kDa by Western blot representing both cytohesin-1 and cytohesin-2.
APPLICATION: Western Blot (1µg/ml)
Immunoprecipitation (only precipitates cytohesin-2)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Monoclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-804-417 Revised 08-May-06
Monoclonal Antibody to Cytohesin-1 (human) (2E11)
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SYNONYMS anti-B2-1 (human) MAb (2E11)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
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ALX-804-417-C100   100 µg 379.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
CLONE: 2E11
ISOTYPE: Mouse IgG1
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL: PEG purified.
FORMULATION: Liquid. In PBS containing 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Purified human cytohesin-1 (B2-1).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human cytohesin-1. Detects a band of ~48kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION: Western Blot (1µg/ml)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Monoclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-804-418 Revised 06-Jan-05
Monoclonal Antibody to Cytohesin-2 (human) (10A12)
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SYNONYMS anti-ARNO (human) MAb (10A12)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
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ALX-804-418-C100   100 µg 379.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
CLONE: 10A12
ISOTYPE: Mouse IgG1
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml
FORMULATION: Liquid. PEG purified antibody in PBS containing 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Purified human cytohesin-2 (ARNO).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human cytohesin-2.
APPLICATION: Immunoprecipitation.
Not recommended for Western blot.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Monoclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-630-003 Revised 06-Nov-08
Pertussis Toxin
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SYNONYMS Islet-Activating Protein
PTX
Holotoxin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-003-C050   50 µg 220.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
CAS NUMBER: 70323-44-3
RTECS: XW5883750
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bordetella pertussis.
CONCENTRATION: 0.1mg/ml after reconsitution. Determined by a modification of the method of Bradford using BSA as the standard.
PURITY: Migrates as 5 distinct bands (S1 subunit: A Protomer (Prod. No. ALX-630-080); S2-S5 subunits: B Protomer (Prod. No. ALX-630-081)).
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
PURITY DETAIL: Described by Tamura et al., when run on SDS-PAGE prepared according to a modification of the method of Laemmli.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with 500µl distilled water to get a solution in 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.05M NaCl.
The resulting suspension should be made uniform by gentle mixing prior to use. Do not sterile filter, as this will result in loss of material.
For long term storage, reconstitute in a buffer of higher ionic strength, i.e. sterile 0.1M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, containing 0.5M NaCl.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Do not freeze. Aseptically packed, sealed under vacuum.
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
Major protein toxin produced by virulent strains of Bordetella pertussis. The purified protein consists of five dissimilar subunits: S-1 (MW 28kDa), S-2 (MW 23kDa), S-3 (MW 22kDa), S-4 (MW 11.7kDa) and S-5 (MW 9.3kDa), in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:2:1. S-1 (A protomer) is responsible for the enzymatic activity of the toxin. Together, S-2, S-3, S-4 and S-5 comprise the B oligomer, responsible for binding the toxin to the cell surface.
Product Specific Literature References
Subunit structure of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in conformity with the A-B model: M. Tamura, et al.; Biochemistry 21, 5516 (1982) Abstract
Induction of a novel morphological response in Chinese hamster ovary cells by pertussis toxin: E.L. Hewlett, et al.; Infect. Immun. 40, 1198 (1983) Abstract
Structure-activity analysis of the activation of pertussis toxin: H.R. Kaslow, et al.; Biochemistry 26, 123 (1987) Abstract
Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation: H. R. Kaslow & D. L. Burns; FASEB J. 6, 2684 (1992), (Review) Abstract
A proposed mechanism of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by the pertussis toxin S1 subunit: C. Locht & R. Antoine; Biochimie 77, 333 (1995) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION CHO Cell Assay: When examined in a CHO cell assay as described by Hewlett et al., the lowest concentration of toxin at which a positive response (clustered growth pattern) was obtained was XXng/ml.
Adenylate Cyclase Assay: The adenylate cyclase activity of this lot is XXpmol/min/µg in the presence of 1µM calmodulin when assayed by the method of Wolff et al.
Please note: Product is not activated. If used with an intact cell system, the cells will activate the toxin. If used in a cell-free system activation may be achieved by the methods, of Kaslow et al.
General Literature References
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4: U.K. Laemmli; Nature 227, 680 (1970) Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding: M.M. Bradford; Anal. Biochem. 72, 248 (1976) Abstract
Calmodulin activates prokaryotic adenylate cyclase: J. Wolff, et al.; PNAS 77, 3841 (1980) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Adenylyl Cyclase ActivatorsADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-080 Revised 01-Nov-07
Pertussis Toxin A Protomer
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-080-C010   10 µg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: 28kDa
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bordetella pertussis.
PURITY DETAIL: One major band by SDS-PAGE; <1% holotoxin by CHO cell assay.
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with 500µl distilled water to 10µg of protein in 10mM TRIS, pH 8.0, containing 0.1mM Na2ETDA and 0.03% CHAPS.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
The A protomer (S-1) of pertussis toxin possesses both NAD+ glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities, but is unable to penetrate cells in the absence of B oligomer. It is, however, as effective as native pertussis toxin in catalyzing ADP-ribosylation in broken cell preparations.
Product Specific Literature References
Subunit structure of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in conformity with the A-B model: M. Tamura, et al.; Biochemistry 21, 5516 (1982) Abstract
Activation by thiol of the latent NAD glycohydrolase and ADP- ribosyltransferase activities of Bordetella pertussis toxin (islet- activating protein): J. Moss et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11879 (1983) Abstract; Full Text
ADP-ribosylation of G proteins with pertussis toxin: G.S. Kopf & M.J. Woolkalis; Meth. Enzymol. 195, 257 (1991) Abstract
Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation: H. R. Kaslow & D. L. Burns; FASEB J. 6, 2684 (1992), (Review) Abstract
A proposed mechanism of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by the pertussis toxin S1 subunit: C. Locht and R. Antoine; Biochimie 77, 333 (1995), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Adenylyl Cyclase ActivatorsADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-081 Revised 14-Apr-08
Pertussis Toxin B Oligomer
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