ALEXIS Biochemicals: Debromohymenialdisine

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ALX-159-600

Revised 14-Jul-08

JNK Inhibitor 1 (L-stereoisomer)
SYNONYMS	L-JNKI1 c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Peptide Inhibitor 1, L-stereoisomer
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	JNK [SAPK1] / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-159-600-R100		100 µl	125.00 USD
ALX-159-600-R200		200 µl	225.00 USD

Product Specification

SEQUENCE:	GRKKRRQRRR-PP-RPKRPTTLNLFPQVPRSQD-amide
FORMULA:	C₁₆₄H₂₈₆N₆₆O₄₀
MW:	3822.5
CONCENTRATION:	1mM
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
FORMULATION:	Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in PBS.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. Keep on ice at all times.
POSITIVE CONTROL:	Prod. No. ALX-168-009/1

Product Images

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Product Description

Cell permeable JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor. For increased cell permeability the peptide was covalently linked to the 10 aa recognized by the TAT transporter. Neuroprotective agent for stroke.

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Cell-permeable peptide inhibitors of JNK: novel blockers of beta-cell death: C. Bonny, et al.; Diabetes 50, 77 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Hyperosmolarity and CD95L trigger CD95/EGF receptor association and tyrosine phosphorylation of CD95 as prerequisites for CD95 membrane trafficking and DISC formation: R. Reinehr, et al.; FASEB J. 17, 731 (2003) Abstract
Translation inhibitors sensitize prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase: N.K. Sah, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 20593 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
A peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase protects against excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia: T. Borsello, et al.; Nat. Med. 9, 1180 (2003) Abstract
Activation of JNK in sensory neurons protects against sensory neuron cell death in diabetes and on exposure to glucose/oxidative stress in vitro: S.A. Price, et al.; Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1010, 95 (2003)
Insulin-secreting beta-cell dysfunction induced by human lipoproteins: M.E. Roehrich, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18368 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activity improves ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat lungs: M. Ishii, et al.; J. Immunol. 172, 2569 (2004) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

A protein inhibitor named IB1 has been described that competitively blocks the interaction between JNK and c-Jun, thereby inhibiting the signalling events downstream of JNK [2,3] like c-Jun, ATF2 and ELK1 phosphorylation. To convert IB1 into cell-permeable inhibitors of JNK (JNKI peptides) the minimal 20 aa inhibitory sequence of IB1 was covalently linked to the 10 amino acids recognized by TAT transporter [4].
The L-JNKI1 and the protease resistant D-JNKI1 peptides represent the only potent inhibitors that are specific for JNK (JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3). Different from chemical inhibitors that directly affect kinase activity e.g. by competing with the ATP-binding site of the protein kinase, JNKI1 rather inhibits the interaction between JNK and its substrate, resulting in a JNK K.O. phenotype. In contrast to pure diffusion the TAT-peptides are actively transported into cells, where they remain until their proteolytic degradation. They can be used for in vitro as well as for in vivo applications (IC50~1µM).
D-JNKI1 is the only form found to be active on neuronal cells, probably due to a high level of proteolytic degradation of the L-stereoisomer (T. Borsello and C. Bonny; unpublished data). As these peptides tend to be toxic in neurons above concentrations of 5µM, it is recommended to use concentrations of ~1µM or less. When interpreting results of c-Jun inhibition, one should also note that a number of other c-Jun kinases are thought to contribute to c-Jun phosphorylation (C. Bonny, personal communication).

*For in vivo applications in mice it is suggested to start with 30-50µl of a 1mM stock solution administered intraperitoneally. Cellular uptake of L-JNKI1 peptides can now be confirmed using the FITC-conjugated L-TAT control peptide (Prod. No. ALX-168-009F).
Note: L-TAT control peptides should only be used with L-JNKI1.

General Literature References

[2] IB1, a JIP-1-related nuclear protein present in insulin-secreting cells: C. Bonny, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 1843 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
[3] A cytoplasmic inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway: M. Dickens, et al.; Science 277, 693 (1997) Abstract
[4] In vivo protein transduction: delivery of a biologically active protein into the mouse: S.R. Schwarze, et al.; Science 285, 1569 (1999) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-168-009/1

L-TAT Control Peptide (for Prod. No. ALX-159-600)

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MAPK Pathway Inhibitors • Peptides

ALX-270-179

Revised 30-Mar-07

SB203580
SYNONYMS	4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	MAPK Pathway Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-179-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-270-179-M005		5 mg	250.00 USD
ALX-270-179-M050		50 mg	1'200.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₁H₁₆N₃FOS
MW:	377.4
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.

Product Description

Cell permeable, specific inhibitor of p38 (SAPK2a). Can inhibit the key cell cycle event of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation in interleukin-2-stimulated T cells. Studies on the proximal regulator of this event, the PI(3)K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B; PKB) pathway, showed that SB203580 blocks the phosphorylation and activation of Akt by inhibiting the Akt kinase, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1). The concentrations of SB203580 required to block Akt phosphorylation (IC₅₀= 3-5µM) are only approximately 10-fold higher than those required to inhibit p38 MAP kinase (IC₅₀=0.3-0.5µM). These data define a new activity for this drug and suggest that extreme caution should be used when interpreting data when SB203580 has been used at concentrations above 1-2µM [1].

Product Specific Literature References

A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis: J.C. Lee, et al.; Nature 372, 739 (1994) Abstract
SB 203580 is a specific inhibitor of a MAP kinase homologue which is stimulated by cellular stresses and interleukin-1: A. Cuenda, et al.; FEBS Lett. 364, 229 (1995) Abstract
Characterization of the structure and function of a new mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38beta): Y. Jiang, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 17920 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
The primary structure of p38 gamma: a new member of p38 group of MAP kinases: Z. Li, et al.; BBRC 228, 334 (1996) Abstract
Regulation of stress-induced cytokine production by pyridinylimidazoles; inhibition of CSBP kinase: T.F. Gallagher, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 5, 49 (1997) Abstract
A p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 inhibits CD28-dependent T cell proliferation and IL-2 production: S.G. Ward, et al.; Biochem. Soc. Trans. 25, 304S (1997) Abstract
p38 mitogen activated protein kinase regulates endothelial VCAM-1 expression at the post-transcriptional level: A. Pietersma, et al.; BBRC 230, 44 (1997) Abstract
Direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 by the kinase inhibitors SB 203580 and PD 98059. SB 203580 also inhibits thromboxane synthase: A.G. Börsch-Haubold, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 28766 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Conversion of SB 203580-insensitive MAP kinase family members to drug-sensitive forms by a single amino-acid substitution: P.A. Eyers, et al.; Chem. Biol. 5, 321 (1998) Abstract
Low density lipoprotein phosphorylates the focal adhesion-associated kinase p125(FAK) in human platelets independent of integrin alphaIIb beta3: C.M. Hackeng, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 384 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Effect of SB 203580 on the activity of c-Raf in vitro and in vivo: C.A. Hall-Jackson, et al.; Oncogene 18, 2047 (1999) Abstract
Raf-1 is activated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB203580: A. Kalmes, et al.; FEBS Lett. 444, 71 (1999) Abstract
SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, enhances constitutive apoptosis of cytokine-deprived human eosinophils: H. Kankaanranta, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290, 621 (1999) Abstract
[1] The pyridinyl imidazole inhibitor SB203580 blocks phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity, protein kinase B phosphorylation, and retinoblastoma hyperphosphorylation in interleukin-2-stimulated T cells independently of p38 mit: F.V. Lali, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 7395 (2000) Abstract; Full Text

ALX-270-237

Revised 23-Nov-07

U0126
SYNONYMS	1,4-Diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(2-aminophenylthio)-butadiene
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	MAPK Pathway Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-237-M001		1 mg	52.00 USD
ALX-270-237-M005		5 mg	185.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₈H₁₆N₆S₂
MW:	380.5
CAS NUMBER:	109522-58-2
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Selective and potent inhibitor of MEK (MAP kinase kinase). Inhibits AP-1 transcription activity. Blocks the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase blocks T cell proliferation but does not induce or prevent anergy: D.R. DeSilva, et al.; J. Immunol. 160, 4175 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
MEK inhibitors: the chemistry and biological activity of U0126, its analogs, and cyclization products: J.V. Duncia, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 2839 (1998) Abstract
Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase: M.F. Favata, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 18623 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
MEK Inhibition Enhances Paclitaxel-induced Tumor Apoptosis: J.P. MacKeigan, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 38953 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
MEK1/2 inhibitors sensitize Bcr/Abl+ human leukemia cells to the dual Abl/Src inhibitor BMS-354/825: T.K. Nguyen, et al.; Blood 109, 4006 (2007) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Apoptosis Detection & MAPK Kinase (MEK) Activation:
Binding of extracellular growth factors to cell surface receptors often results in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). MAPK is regulated by MAPK kinase, also called MEK. Deprivation of growth factors during cell culture or intracellular MEK inhibition leads to inhibition of proliferation and apoptotic cell death. N. Blank, et al. [1] have shown that U0126, a common used MEK inhibitor and compound that itself has no intrinsic fluorescence in vitro but develops an intensive fluorescence during cell culture which can be observed in all fluorescence channels with a predominance in the FL1 channel (525 nm). Therefore either the use of PD98,059 or PD184352 as an alternative for U0126 or nonfluorometric methods for detection of apoptosis should be considered.

General Literature References

[1] MEK inhibitor U0126 interferes with immunofluorescence analysis of apoptotic cell death: N. Blank, et al.; Cytometry 48, 179 (2002) Abstract

ALX-270-257

Revised 07-Feb-05

SC68376
SYNONYMS	2-Methyl-4-phenyl-5-(4-pyridyl)oxazole
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	MAPK Pathway Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-257-M001		1 mg	160.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₁₂N₂O
MW:	236.3
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (200mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

Product Description

Inhibitor of p38 (SAPK2a) (IC₅₀=2-5µM).

Product Specific Literature References

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase down-regulates nitric oxide and up-regulates prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis stimulated by interleukin-1beta: Z. Guan, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 8083 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by the activated MEKK1 --> SEK1/MKK4 --> p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway: Z. Guan, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12901 (1998) Abstract; Full Text

ALX-270-258

Revised 22-Jun-05

PD 169,316
SYNONYMS	4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	MAPK Pathway Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-258-M001		1 mg	82.00 USD
ALX-270-258-M005		5 mg	310.00 USD
ALX-270-258-M050		50 mg	1'300.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₁₃FN₄O₂
MW:	360.3
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Yellow to orange solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO; slightly soluble in methanol. Insoluble in water, ethyl acetate or diethyl ether.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Potent, cell permeable and selective inhibitor of p38 (SAPK2a).

Product Specific Literature References

Regulation of stress-induced cytokine production by pyridinylimidazoles; inhibition of CSBP kinase: T.F. Gallagher, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 5, 49 (1997) Abstract
Apoptosis induced by withdrawal of trophic factors is mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: J.L. Kummer, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 20490 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
The activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways protects HeLa cells from apoptosis following photodynamic therapy with hypericin: Z. Assefa, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8788 (1999) Abstract; Full Text

ALX-270-259

Revised 14-Jul-03

SB202190
SYNONYMS	FHPI 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	MAPK Pathway Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-259-M001		1 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-270-259-M005		5 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-270-259-M050		50 mg	420.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₁₄FN₃O
MW:	331.3
PURITY:	≥97%
APPEARANCE:	Light brown solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol, DMSO or acetone; slightly soluble in ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Potent and cell permeable inhibitor of p38 (SAPK2a). For a more water soluble form of this product see SB202190 . HCl (Prod. No. ALX-270-268).

Product Specific Literature References

A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis: J.C. Lee, et al.; Nature 372, 739 (1994) Abstract
Characterization of the structure and function of a new mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38beta): Y. Jiang, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 17920 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
The primary structure of p38 gamma: a new member of p38 group of MAP kinases: Z. Li, et al.; BBRC 228, 334 (1996) Abstract
Regulation of stress-induced cytokine production by pyridinylimidazoles; inhibition of CSBP kinase: T.F. Gallagher, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 5, 49 (1997) Abstract
The cellular response to oxidative stress: influences of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways on cell survival: X. Wang, et al.; Biochem. J. 333, 291 (1998) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products

ALX-270-260

Revised 08-Jun-06

SKF-86002
SYNONYMS	6-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazo-[2,1b]-thiazole
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	MAPK Pathway Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-260-M005		5 mg	160.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₁₂FN₃S
MW:	297.4
CAS NUMBER:	72873-74-6
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Blocks p38 (SAPK2a) activation.

Product Specific Literature References

Bicyclic imidazoles as a novel class of cytokine biosynthesis inhibitors: J.C. Lee, et al.; Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 696, 149 (1993) Abstract
A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis: J.C. Lee, et al.; Nature 372, 739 (1994) Abstract
Mechanism of action of bicyclic imidazoles defines a translational regulatory pathway for tumor necrosis factor alpha: W. Prichett, et al.; J. Inflamm. 45, 97 (1995) Abstract
Effects of SKF-86002 on cytokine-stimulated IL6 production in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria and SaOS2 osteoblastic cells: the role of prostaglandins and other mechanisms of action: R. Blanque, et al.; Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 23, 63 (1997) Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent intracellular signal transduction pathways leading to apoptosis in human neutrophils: S.C. Frasch, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8389 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
p38 Kinase is a negative regulator of angiotensin II signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle cells: effects on Na+/H+ exchange and ERK1/2: M. Kusuhara, et al.; Circ. Res. 83, 824 (1998) Abstract
Evaluation of the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in mouse macrophages: E.D. Chan, et al.; J. Immunol. 162, 415 (1999) Abstract

ALX-270-263

Revised 03-Apr-08

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate
SYNONYMS	EGCG (2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1[2H]-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol 3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antioxidants

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-263-M010		10 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-270-263-M050		50 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₁₈O₁₁
MW:	458.4
CAS NUMBER:	989-51-5
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3526
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from green tea.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in DMSO are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Keep under inert gas. Protect from light.

Product Description

Antitumor reagent. Antioxidant. Protects cells from lipid peroxidation and DNA damage induced by reactive free radicals. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II). Chemopreventive anticancer agent. Induces apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Inhibits MAP kinase mediated signalling pathways. Inhibits angiogenesis. Inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase. Anti-inflammatory agent.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibitory effect of topical application of a green tea polyphenol fraction on tumor initiation and promotion in mouse skin: M.T. Huang, et al.; Carcinogenesis 13, 947 (1992) Abstract
Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and other skin tumor-promoter-caused induction of epidermal interleukin-1 alpha mRNA and protein expression in SENCAR mice by green tea polyphenols: S.K. Katiyar, et al.; J. Invest. Dermatol. 105, 394 (1995) Abstract
Growth inhibition and regression of human prostate and breast tumors in athymic mice by tea epigallocatechin gallate: S. Liao, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 239 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced carcinogenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the rat glandular stomach: T. Yamane, et al.; Cancer Res. 55, 2081 (1995) Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic tea antioxidant, inhibits peroxynitrite-mediated formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine: E.S. Fiala, et al.; Experientia 52, 922 (1996) Abstract
Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcinoma cells: N. Ahmad, et al.; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89, 1881 (1997) Abstract
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and enzyme activity by epigallocatechin gallate, a natural product from green tea: M.M. Chan, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 54, 1281 (1997) Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate blocks the induction of nitric oxide synthase by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB: Y.L. Lin & J.K. Lin; Mol. Pharmacol. 52, 465 (1997) Abstract
Telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening, and senescence of cancer cells by tea catechins: I. Naasani, et al.; BBRC 249, 391 (1998) Abstract
Epigallocatechin suppression of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells: correlation with c-jun and JNK: L.H. Lu, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 124, 1227 (1998) Abstract
ESR study on the structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tea catechins and their epimers: Q. Guo, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1427, 13 (1999) Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of the green tea derivative, EGCG, by the topical route of administration in mouse and human skin: K. Dvorakova, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 43, 331 (1999) Abstract
Polyphenolic antioxidant (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin: S.K. Katiyar, et al.; Photochem. Photobiol. 69, 148 (1999) Abstract
Antioxidant chemistry of green tea catechins. Identification of products of the reaction of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate with peroxyl radicals: S. Valcic, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 12, 382 (1999) Abstract
Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols: Y. Kuroda & Y. Hara; Mutat. Res. 436, 69 (1999) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of green and black tea on tumor growth: A.H. Conney, et al.; Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 220, 229 (1999) Abstract
Green tea epigallocatechin gallate: a natural inhibitor of fatty-acid synthase: X. Wang & W. Tian; BBRC 288, 1200 (2001) Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, represses hepatic glucose production: M.E. Waltner-Law, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34933 (2002)