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Signal Transduction
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ALX-162-034 Revised 03-Jul-08 New product
MALP-2 (BULK)
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SYNONYMS Macrophage-activating Lipopeptide-2
S-[2,3-bis(Palmityloxy)-(2R)-propyl-cysteinyl-GNNDESNISFKEK]
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY TLR Agonists Other Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-162-034-C500   500 µg 1'250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C99H167N19O30S
MW: 2135.2
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL: HPLC purified
FORMULATION: Liquid. Pyrogen-free, sterile solution in 33% (v/v) 2-propanol/water.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY: Stimulates macrophages, monocytes and other TLR2 and TLR6 expressing cells in vitro at pg/ml concentrations (e.g. mouse macrophages: 50pg/ml; fibroblasts: 2ng/ml) to release various mediators. Human monocytes require about 10-100x higher concentrations for optimal cytokine or chemokine release than mouse PECS (see [12]). In vivo active at 0.5-5μg (e.g 0.5μg/20g mouse). The presence of 50mM octyl glucoside as carrier gives rise to a higher activity.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: -20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 3 years when stored at -20°C. This stock solution is stable for many months when kept in the refrigerator. MALP-2 solutions in the presene of carrier (50mM octyl glucoside, see Background/Technical Information below) are stable at +4°C at least 6 weeks. Some (10%) decrease of activity may occur shortly after transfer into new vessels. This is not due to decomposition but to adsorption (see below). Storage at room temperature for short periods of time does not influence bioactivity. When deep-frozen, MALP-2 does not loose activity within years.
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. Avoid accidental injection, extreme care should be taken with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation and prevent this compound from entering the bloodstream.
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
MALP-2 was originally isolated from Mycoplasma fermentans. This MALP-2 corresponds to the originally isolated isomer, which expresses potent endotoxin-like activity and approaches in certain experimental systems the toxicity of LPS. For description of the stereochemistry of MALP-2 (see [7]). MALP-2 signalling, unlike that of LPS, is not transduced via TLR4, but is induced via TLR2 and TLR6 signalling.
For more information about MALP-2 see www.malp-research.de.
New BULK size (500μg) of biologically active, pyrogen-free and sterile MALP-2 for in vitro and animal in vivo studies.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a Mycoplasma fermentans-derived substance that activates macrophages to release nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6: P.F. Muhlradt and M. Frisch; Infect. Immun. 62, 3801 (1994) Abstract
[2] Isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis of a macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans acting at picomolar concentration: P.F. Mühlradt, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 185, 1951 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
[3] MALP-2, a Mycoplasma lipopeptide with classical endotoxic properties: end of an era of LPS monopoly?: C. Galanos, et al.; J. Endotox. Res. 6, 471 (2000) Abstract
[4] Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6: O. Takeuchi, et al.; Int. Immunol. 13, 933 (2001) Abstract
[5] In vivo effects of a synthetic 2-kilodalton macrophage-activating lipopeptide of Mycoplasma fermentans after pulmonary application: A. Luhrmann, et al.; Infect. Immun. 70, 3785 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[6] The Mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 is a potent mucosal adjuvant: F. Rharbaoui, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 2857 (2002) Abstract
[7] Differential recognition of structural details of bacterial lipopeptides by toll-like receptors: M. Morr, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3337 (2002) Abstract
[8] CD14 is required for MyD88-independent LPS signaling: Z. Jiang, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 565 (2005) Abstract
[9] The tumor suppressor CYLD Acts as a Negative Regulator for Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling via Negative Cross-talk with TRAF6 and TRAF7: H. Yoshida, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 41111 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
[10] IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses: K. Honda, et al.; Nature 434, 772 (2005) Abstract
[11] The role of TLR2 in the inflammatory activation of mouse fibroblasts by human antiphospholipid antibodies: N. Satta, et al.; Blood 109, 1507 (2007) Abstract
[12] Induction of cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes by Mycoplasma fermentans-derived lipoprotein MALP-2: A. Kaufmann, et al.; Infect. Immun. 67, 6303 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION MALP-2 sticks avidly to glass or plastic. Since it is active at very low concentrations, i.e. at high dilutions, these low amounts of material tend to become adsorbed to pipette tips and plastic or glass containers. To avoid this, prepare several dilution steps of the MALP-2 stock solution with medium containing 5% autologous serum or buffers with 2% HSA. The presence of 50mM octyl glucoside in the first dilution step is often beneficial and gives rise to higher activity. Avoid small volumes in large vessels. Do not filter.
Because of the ester-bound fatty acids, MALP-2 is sensitive to alkali or acid. The medium should be preconditioned in the CO2 incubator in order to ensure that the pH does not become alkaline. Add cells in preconditioned medium as soon as possible and incubate.
MANUFACTURER Licensed from GBF Braunschweig, Germany.
General Literature References
Synergic effects of mycoplasmal lipopeptides and extracellular ATP on activation of macrophages: T. Into, et al.; Infect. Immun. 70, 3586 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Site-specific proteolysis of the MALP-404 lipoprotein determines the release of a soluble selective lipoprotein-associated motif-containing fragment and alteration of the surface phenotype of Mycoplasma fermentans: K.L. Davis & K.S. Wise; Infect. Immun. 70, 1129 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
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Peptides
 
 
ALX-163-003 Revised 06-Jun-03
NPY (human)
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SYNONYMS Neuropeptide Y (human)
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Ca2+ Modulators
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ALX-163-003-PC05   0.5 mg* 140.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-163-003-P001   1 mg* 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Lys-Pro-Asp-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Glu-Asp-Met-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2
FORMULA: C189H285N55O57S
MW: 4271.7
CAS NUMBER: 90880-35-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6485
QUANTITY: *Sold as net peptide weight.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Specific Literature References
Cloning, characterization, and DNA sequence of a human cDNA encoding neuropeptide tyrosine: C.D. Minth, et al.; PNAS 81, 4577 (1984) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Leptin / Related Products • Peptides • Neuropeptides & Receptors Other Products
 
 
ALX-163-004 Revised 06-Jun-03
Neurogranin (28-43)
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY PKC Substrates
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ALX-163-004-M001   1 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ala-Ala-Lys-Ile-Gln-Ala-Ser-Phe-Arg-Gly-His-Met-Ala-Arg-Lys-Lys-OH
FORMULA: C78H134N28O19S
MW: 1800.2
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Peptide derived from the neurogranin phosphorylation domain. Highly selective substrate for protein kinase C (PKC), but very poor substrate for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA).
Product Specific Literature References
Studies with synthetic peptide substrates derived from the neuronal protein neurogranin reveal structural determinants of potency and selectivity for protein kinase C: S.-J. Chen, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 1032 (1993) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides
 
 
ALX-163-011 Revised 14-Jul-08
NBD Peptide /  NF-κB Blocker (cell permeable)
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
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ALX-163-011-1   1 Vial 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: GRKKRRQRRR-GG-TALDWSWLQTE-amide
FORMULA: C121H202N48O32
MW: 2841.2
QUANTITY: 50µl
CONCENTRATION: 10mM
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
FORMULATION: Liquid. In sterile PBS.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: -20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. Protect from moisture. Keep on ice at all times.
POSITIVE CONTROL: Prod. No. ALX-168-009/1
Product Description
For increased cell permeability the peptide was covalently linked to the 10 aa recognized by the TAT transporter.
Product Specific Literature References
Selective inhibition of NF-kappaB blocks osteoclastogenesis and prevents inflammatory bone destruction in vivo: E. Jimi, et al.; Nature Med. 10, 617 (2004) Abstract
Selective inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by a peptide that blocks the interaction of NEMO with the IkappaB kinase complex: M.J. May, et al.; Science 289, 1550 (2000) Abstract
Characterization of the Ikappa B-kinase NEMO binding domain: M.J. May, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 45992 (2002) Abstract
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Peptides
 
 
ALX-164-001 Revised 06-Jan-06
Orexin A (human, bovine, rat, mouse)
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PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Orexins / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-164-001-C100   100 µg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-164-001-C500   500 µg 370.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-164-001-M001   1 mg 690.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: Pyr-Pro-Leu-Pro-Asp-Cys-Cys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Thr-Cys-Ser-Cys-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Leu-Leu-His-Gly-Ala-Gly-Asn-His-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ile-Leu-Thr-Leu-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys6-Cys12 and Cys7-Cys14).
FORMULA: C152H243N47O44S4
MW: 3561.2
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Hypothalamic neuropeptide that stimulates food intake in rats with impressive potency. Binds specifically to the OX1 receptor.
Product Specific Literature References
Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypotalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behaviour: T. Sakurai, et al.; Cell 92, 573 (1998) Abstract
Orexins and appetite: the big picture of energy homeostasis gets a little bigger: M.W. Schwartz; Nature Medicine 4, 385 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides • Neuropeptides & Receptors Other Products
 
 
ALX-164-002 Revised 06-Jan-06
Orexin B (human)
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PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Orexins / Related Products
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ALX-164-002-C100   100 µg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Arg-Ser-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gly-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Ala-Ser-Gly-Asn-His-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ile-Leu-Thr-Met-NH2
FORMULA: C122H212N44O34S
MW: 2871.4
PURITY: ≥95%
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Like orexin A (Prod. No. ALX-164-001), orexin B is a hypothalamatic neuropeptide stimulating food intake in rats. Stimulates food consumption in a similar manner to orexin A, but the effect did not last as long as that of orexin A. The affinity of orexin B for the OX1 receptor is significantly lower than that of orexin A. Binding affinities for the OX2 receptor are similar for orexin A and B.
Product Specific Literature References
Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior: T. Sakurai, et al.; Cell 92, 573 (1998) Abstract
Orexins and appetite: the big picture of energy homeostasis gets a little bigger: M.W. Schwartz; Nature Medicine 4, 385 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides • Neuropeptides & Receptors Other Products
 
 
ALX-164-003 Revised 10-Jun-03
Orexin B (rat, mouse)
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PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Orexins / Related Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-164-003-C100   100 µg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gly-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Ala-Asn-Gly-Asn-His-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ile-Leu-Thr-Met-NH2
FORMULA: C125H215N45O33S
MW: 2908.5
PURITY: ≥97%
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Specific Literature References
Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior: T. Sakurai, et al.; Cell 92, 573 (1998) Abstract
Orexins and appetite: the big picture of energy homeostasis gets a little bigger: M.W. Schwartz; Nature Medicine 4, 385 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides • Neuropeptides & Receptors Other Products
 
 
ALX-164-004 Revised 04-Jul-08
Obestatin (human)
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PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Ghrelin / Related Products
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ALX-164-004-M001   1 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-164-004-M005   5 mg 480.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Phe-Asn-Ala-Pro-Phe-Asp-Val-Gly-Ile-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gly-Val-Gln-Tyr-Gln-Gln-His-Ser-Gln-Ala-Leu-NH2
FORMULA: C116H176N32O33
MW: 2546.9
PEPTIDE CONTENT: ≥80%
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Obestatin derives like ghrelin from proghrelin, but exhibits opposite physiological effects. Obestatin decreases food intake and body weight in rodents. Moreover, obestatin also counteracts ghrelin’s effect by decelerating gastric emptying and decreasing intestinal contractility. Obestatin binds to orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39. Amidation of the C-terminus seems to be important for obestatin’s activity.
Product Specific Literature References
Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin’s effects on food intake: J.V. Zhang, et al.; Science 310, 996 (2005) Abstract
Biomedicine. Separation of conjoined hormones yields appetite rivals: R. Nogueiras & M. Tschop; Science 310, 985 (2005), (Comment) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides
 
 
ALX-164-005 Revised 04-Jul-08
Obestatin (mouse, rat)
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PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Ghrelin / Related Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-164-005-M001   1 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-164-005-M005   5 mg 480.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Phe-Asn-Ala-Pro-Phe-Asp-Val-Gly-Ile-Lys-Leu-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gln-Tyr-Gln-Gln-His-Gly-Arg-Ala-Leu-NH2
FORMULA: C114H174N34O31
MW: 2516.8
PEPTIDE CONTENT: ≥80%
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Obestatin derives like ghrelin from proghrelin, but exhibits opposite physiological effects. Obestatin decreases food intake and body weight in rodents. Moreover, obestatin also counteracts ghrelin’s effect by decelerating gastric emptying and decreasing intestinal contractility. Obestatin binds to orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39. Amidation of the C-terminus seems to be important for obestatin’s activity.
Product Specific Literature References
Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin’s effects on food intake: J.V. Zhang, et al.; Science 310, 996 (2005) Abstract
Biomedicine. Separation of conjoined hormones yields appetite rivals: R. Nogueiras & M. Tschop; Science 310, 985 (2005), (Comment) Abstract
 
 
ALX-165-003 Revised 17-Sep-07
PACAP (1-27) (human, sheep, rat)
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Adenylyl Cyclase Activators
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ALX-165-003-MC05   0.5 mg 220.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-165-003-M001   1 mg 380.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-NH2
FORMULA: C142H224N40O39S
MW: 3147.7
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 5% acetic acid.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description