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Ion Channels & Transporters / Related Products
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ALX-450-001 Revised 23-Jul-08
A23187 (free acid)
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SYNONYMS Calcium Ionophore A23187
Calcimycin
Antibiotic A23187
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-450-001-M001   1 mg 28.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-001-M005   5 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-001-5001   5x1 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-001-M010   10 mg 92.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-001-M025   25 mg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-001-M050   50 mg 350.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C29H37N3O6
MW: 523.6
CAS NUMBER: 52665-69-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1639
RTECS: DM4676000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces chartreusis.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or methylene chloride; slightly soluble in water. Solubilize in DMSO or ethanol prior to preparing aqueous solutions of very low concentrations.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: In aqueous systems product may aggregate over time.
HANDLING: Protect from light. In aqueous systems, the product aggregates over time.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Antibiotic possessing weak in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria and fungi. Divalent cation ionophore commonly used to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels in intact cells.
Product Specific Literature References
A23187: a divalent cation ionophore: P. W. Reed & H. A. Lardy; J. Biol. Chem. 247, 6970 (1972) Abstract
Effects of antibiotic ionophore, A23187, on oxidative phosphorylation and calcium transport of liver mitochondria: D.T. Wong, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 156, 578 (1973) Abstract
Biological applications of ionophores: B.C. Pressman; Annu. Rev. Biochem. 45, 501 (1976), (Review) Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of endothelium-mediated vasodilation: R.R. Fiscus; Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 14 Suppl, 12 (1988), (Review) Abstract
Calcium ionophore A23187 action on cardiac myocytes is accompanied by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species: 1740, 481 (2005): T. Przygodzki, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1740, 481 (2005) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Nitric Oxide Pathway Other Products • Respiratory Chain Other Products • Antibiotics - ATPase Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-450-002 Revised 14-Nov-07
A23187 (Mixed Calcium-Magnesium Salt)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-450-002-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-002-M010   10 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-002-M050   50 mg 415.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MERCK INDEX: 13: 1639
SOURCE/HOST: Semisynthetic.
PURITY: ≥98% (molar ratio Ca:Mg ~1:1)
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, or diethyl ketone; also soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, and ethanol. Solubilize in DMSO or ethanol prior to preparing aqueous solutions of very low concentrations.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. In aqueous systems, product may aggregate over time.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Salt form of A23187 (Prod. No. ALX-450-001). Used in cell activation experiments when calcium dose-response data are not required.
 
 
ALX-151-020 Revised 10-Feb-05
N-Acetyl-Asp-Glu-OH
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SYNONYMS α-NAAG
Spaglumic acid
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic) / Related Products
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ALX-151-020-M010   10 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-151-020-M050   50 mg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H16N2O8
MW: 304.3
CAS NUMBER: 3106-85-2
PURITY: ≥98%
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
Product Description
Endogenous neurotransmitter with high affinity for the brain glutamate receptor. N-acetylated α-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase), a membrane-bound peptidase, hydrolyzes α-NAAG, a major brain peptide, to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate. Discriminates between mGluR2 and mGluR3. mGluR3 activator. NMDA receptor antagonist. Neuroprotective.
Product Specific Literature References
N-acetylaspartylglutamate: an endogenous peptide with high affinity for a brain glutamate receptor: R. Zaczek, et al.; PNAS 80, 1116 (1983) Abstract
Characterization of the interactions of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate with [3H]L-glutamate receptors: K.J. Koller & J.T. Coyle; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 98, 193 (1984) Abstract
The neurobiology of N-acetylaspartylglutamate: R.D. Blakely & J.T. Coyle; Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 30, 39 (1988) Abstract
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of a potent inhibitor of the neuropeptidase N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase: P.F. Jackson, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 39, 619 (1996) Abstract
The nagging question of the function of N-acetylaspartylglutamate: J.T. Coyle; Neurobiol. Dis. 4, 231 (1997) Abstract
N-acetylaspartylglutamate stimulates metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 to regulate expression of the GABA(A) alpha6 subunit in cerebellar granule cells: S. Ghose, et al.; J. Neurochem. 69, 2326 (1997) Abstract
N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) protects against rat striatal quinolinic acid lesions in vivo: L.R. Orlando, et al.; Neurosci. Lett. 236, 91 (1997) Abstract
N-acetylaspartylglutamate, N-acetylaspartate, and N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase in human brain and their alterations in Huntington and Alzheimer's diseases: L.A. Passani, et al.; Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 31, 97 (1997) Abstract
Distribution of N-acetylaspartylglutamate immunoreactivity in human brain and its alteration in neurodegenerative disease: L.A. Passani, et al.; Brain Res. 772, 9 (1997) Abstract
N-acetylaspartylglutamate selectively activates mGluR3 receptors in transfected cells: B. Wroblewska, et al.; J. Neurochem. 69, 174 (1997) Abstract
Neuroprotective activity of N-acetylaspartylglutamate in cultured cortical cells: V. Bruno, et al.; Neuroscience 85, 751 (1998) Abstract
N-acetylaspartylglutamate activates cyclic AMP-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors in cerebellar astrocytes: B. Wroblewska, et al.; Glia 24, 172 (1998) Abstract
A.P. Burlina, et al.; Eur. J. Pediatr. 158, 406 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NMDA Receptors / Related Products • NAALADase / Related Products • Peptides
 
 
ALX-550-232 Revised 13-May-08
Aconitine
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SYNONYMS (1α,3α,6α,14α,15α,16β)-20-Ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol 8-acetate 14-benzoate
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-232-M025   25 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H47NO11
MW: 645.7
CAS NUMBER: 302-27-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 118
RTECS: AR5960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aconitum karacolium.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (35mg/ml); almost insoluble in water (0.3mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
A lipid-soluble neurotoxin that acts as a sodium channel modulator. Blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels. Potent neurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at mouse neuromuscular junction: effects of elevated quantal release and aconitine: S.P. Yu & W. Van der Kloot; Neurosci. Lett. 117, 111 (1990) Abstract
Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids: M. Muroi, et al.; Neuropharmacology 29, 567 (1990) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Na+ Channels
 
 
ALX-550-017 Revised 17-Jan-05
cis-ACPD
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SYNONYMS (±)-1-Aminocyclopentane-cis-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic) / Related Products
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ALX-550-017-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H11NO4
MW: 173.2
CAS NUMBER: 39026-63-6
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in dilute aqueous base.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

(1S,3S)-ACPD
(1R,3R)-ACPD
Product Description
Potent NMDA agonist. Equimolar mixture of (1R,3R)-ACPD (Prod. No. ALX-550-018) and (1S,3S)-ACPD (Prod. No. ALX-550-019).
Product Specific Literature References
Receptors for the excitatory amino acids in the mammalian central nervous system: H. McLennan; Prog. Neurobiol. 20, 251 (1983) Abstract
Structure/activity relations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ligands as studied by their inhibition of [3H]D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid binding in rat brain membranes: H.J. Olverman, et al.; Neuroscience 26, 17 (1988) Abstract
In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of trans- and cis-(+-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid: dissociation of metabotropic and ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptor effects: D.D. Schoepp, et al.; J. Neurochem. 56, 1789 (1991) Abstract
Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors: D.D. Schoepp, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1431 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NMDA Receptors / Related Products • Excitatory Amino Acids
 
 
ALX-550-018 Revised 03-Mar-05
(1R,3R)-ACPD
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SYNONYMS (1R,3R)-1-Aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic) / Related Products
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ALX-550-018-M005   5 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H11NO4
MW: 173.2
CAS NUMBER: 111900-33-5
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or dilute aqueous base.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

(1R,3R)-ACPD
Product Description
Active isomer of cis-ACPD (Prod. No. ALX-550-017). Potent and specific NMDA receptor agonist.
Product Specific Literature References
Receptors for the excitatory amino acids in the mammalian central nervous system: H. McLennan; Prog. Neurobiol. 20, 251 (1983) Abstract
Synthesis, resolution, and absolute configuration of the isomers of the neuronal excitant 1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid: K. Curry, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 31, 864 (1988) Abstract
Differences in agonist and antagonist activities for two indices of metabotropic glutamate receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover: R. Mistry & R.A. Challiss; Br. J. Pharmacol. 117, 1735 (1996) Abstract
Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors: D.D. Schoepp, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1431 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NMDA Receptors / Related Products • Excitatory Amino Acids
 
 
ALX-480-066 Revised 20-May-08
Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) . tetralithium salt
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SYNONYMS ATP-γS . 4Li
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Adenosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-066-M001   1 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-066-M005   5 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H12N5O12P3S . 4Li
MW: 520.2 . 27.8
CAS NUMBER: 93889-89-5
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions may be stored at -80°C for up to 1 month. Product is not sterile.
HANDLING: Protect from moisture.

Product Description
ATP analog that can substitute ATP in various kinase reactions. Substrate and inhibitor of ATP-dependent enzyme systems. The resulting thiophosphorylated proteins are resistant to dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases. Increases the activity of Ca2+-activated K+ channels.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of recA protein-DNA filaments. 2 recA protein monomers unwind 17 base pairs of DNA by 11.5 degrees/base pair in the presence of adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): S. Chrysogelos, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12624 (1983) Abstract; Full Text
Regulation of phosphoinositide breakdown by guanine nucleotides: I. Litosch & J.N. Fain; Life Sci. 39, 187 (1986) Abstract
Regulation of protein serine-threonine phosphatase type-2A by tyrosine phosphorylation: J. Chen, et al.; Science 257, 1261 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
K+ Channel Activators
 
 
ALX-630-001 Revised 28-May-08
ω-Agatoxin IVA
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-001-C100   100 µg 580.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Lys-Lys-Lys-Cys-Ile-Ala-Lys-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Arg-Cys-Lys-Trp-Gly-Gly-Thr-Pro-Cys-Cys-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-Cys-Ile-Cys-Ser-Ile-Met-Gly-Thr-Asn-Cys-Glu-Cys-Lys-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ile-Met-Glu-Gly-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys4-Cys20, Cys12-Cys25, Cys19-Cys36 and Cys27-Cys34)
FORMULA: C217H360N68O60S10
MW: 5202.3
CAS NUMBER: 145017-83-0
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Agelenopsis aperta.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: POTENT NEUROTOXIN.
Product Description
Selective P-type Ca2+ channel blocker.
Product Specific Literature References
P-type calcium channels blocked by the spider toxin omega-Aga-IVA: I.M. Mintz, et al.; Nature 355, 827 (1992) Abstract
Calcium channels coupled to glutamate release identified by omega-Aga- IVA: T.J. Turner, et al.; Science 258, 310 (1992) Abstract
Synthesis of omega-agatoxin IVA and its related peptides: H. Nishio, et al.; BBRC 196, 1447 (1993) Abstract
Interactions of polyamines with neuronal ion channels: R.H. Scott, et al.; TINS 16, 153 (1993), (Review) Abstract
Different types of calcium channels mediate central synaptic transmission: T. Takahashi & A. Momiyama; Nature 366, 156 (1993) Abstract
Sequential assignment and structure determination of spider toxin omega- Aga-IVB: H. Yu, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 13123 (1993) Abstract
Calcium channel diversity and neurotransmitter release: the omega-conotoxins and omega-agatoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63, 823 (1994) Abstract
Exocytotic Ca2+ channels in mammalian central neurons: K. Dunlap, et al.; TINS 18, 89 (1995), (Review) Abstract
P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker omega-agatoxin IVA protects against brain injury after focal ischemia in rats: K. Asakura, et al.; Brain Res. 776, 140 (1997) Abstract
Agatoxin-IVA-sensitive calcium channels mediate the presynaptic and postsynaptic nicotinic activation of cardiac vagal neurons: J. Wang, et al.; J. Neurophysiol. 85, 164 (2001) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Ca2+ Channels (P / Q-type)
 
 
ALX-350-315 Revised 03-Apr-08
Agelasine D
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity
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ALX-350-315-M001   1 mg 185.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H40N5
MW: 422.6
CAS NUMBER: 92664-80-7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the sponge Agelas nakamurai.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.

Product Description
Displays broad spectrum of antibacterial activities. Antineoplastic compound. Associated with contractive responses of smooth muscles and inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase.
Product Specific Literature References
(+)-agelasine D: improved synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic activities: A. Vik, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 69, 381 (2006) Abstract
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of agelasine and agelasimine analogs: A. Vik, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 15, 4016 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ / K+-ATPase / Related Products • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Antibiotics - ATPase Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-550-001 Revised 20-Jun-07
Agmatine . sulfate
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SYNONYMS 1-Amino-4-guanidinobutane . sulfate
4-(Aminobutyl)guanidine . sulfate
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Imidazoline Binding Site Ligands
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ALX-550-001-M100   100 mg 22.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-001-M500   500 mg 44.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H14N4 . H2SO4
MW: 130.2 . 98.1
CAS NUMBER: 2482-00-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 188
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Decarboxylation product of L-arginine. Endogenous clonidine-displacing substance in the brain. Putative endogenous neurotransmitter at imidazoline receptors. Antagonist of NMDA receptor. Endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Antiproliferative by its suppresive effect on polyamine.
Product Specific Literature References
Agmatine: an endogenous clonidine-displacing substance in the brain: G. Li, et al.; Science 263, 966 (1994) Abstract
Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by agmatine: M. Auguet, et al.; Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 69, 285 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of mammalian nitric oxide synthases by agmatine, an endogenous polyamine formed by decarboxylation of arginine: E. Galea, et al.; Biochem. J. 316, 247 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
An emerging role for agmatine: J. Satriano, et al.; Kidney Int. 56, 1252 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Is agmatine a novel neurotransmitter in brain?: D.J. Reis & S. Regunathan; Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 21, 187 (2000) Abstract
Agmatine suppresses nitric oxide production in microglia: K. Abe, et al.; Brain Res. 872, 141 (2000) Abstract
Agmatine enhances the NADPH oxidase activity of neuronal NO synthase and leads to oxidative inactivation of the enzyme: D.R. Demady, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 59, 24 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and agmatine synthesis in macrophages and astrocytes: S. Regunathan & J.E. Piletz; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 20 (2003) Abstract
Agmatine: at the crossroads of the arginine pathways: J. Satriano; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 34 (2003), (Review) Abstract
Agmatine signaling: odds and threads: R. Berkels, et al.; Cardiovasc. Drug Rev. 22, 7 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NMDA Receptors / Related Products • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity)
 
 
ALX-380-046 Revised 08-Apr-08
Alamethicin
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SYNONYMS U-22324
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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Product Numbers: