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Ion Channels & Transporters / Related Products
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ALX-550-211 Revised 29-Nov-04
1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
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SYNONYMS ACPC
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY NMDA Receptors / Related Products
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ALX-550-211-M050   50 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C4H7NO2
MW: 101.1
CAS NUMBER: 22059-21-8
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HANDLING: Hygroscopic.

Product Description
NMDA receptor partial agonist acting at the glycine site.
Product Specific Literature References
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) mimics the effects of glycine on the NMDA receptor ion channel: V. Nadler, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 157, 115 (1988) Abstract
[3H]1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, a novel probe for strychnine- insensitive glycine receptors: P. Popik, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 291, 221 (1995) Abstract
Effect of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid on N-methyl-D-aspartate- stimulated [3H]-noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal synaptosomes: M.V. Clos, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 118, 901 (1996) Abstract
 
 
ALX-400-045 Revised 31-Aug-07
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
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SYNONYMS 2-APB
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Ca2+ Modulators
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ALX-400-045-M100   100 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C14H16BNO
MW: 225.1
CAS NUMBER: 524-95-8
RTECS: ED6150000
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol; also soluble in PBS, pH 7.2.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C. Stock solutions are stable for 2 months at -20°C.
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Hygroscopic. Packaged under inert gas.

Product Description
Cell permeable modulator of Ins(1,4,5)-P3-induced Ca2+ release. A prototype drug for a group of structurally related calcium channel blockers in human platelets. Has been shown, in the absence of other stimuli, to activate TRPV1, V2 and V3, but not TRPV4, V5 and V6 expressed in HEK 293 cells.
Product Specific Literature References
2APB, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a membrane-penetrable modulator of Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release: T. Maruyama, et al.; J. Biochem. 122, 498 (1997) Abstract
Inhibition of SERCA Ca2+ pumps by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). 2-APB reduces both Ca2+ binding and phosphoryl transfer from ATP, by interfering with the pathway leading to the Ca2+-binding sites: J.G. Bilmen, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 269, 3678 (2002) Abstract
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is a reliable blocker of store-operated Ca2+ entry but an inconsistent inhibitor of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release: M.D. Bootman, et al.; FASEB J. 16, 1145 (2002) Abstract
Activation of TRPV4 channels (hVRL-2/mTRP12) by phorbol derivatives: H. Watanabe, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 13569 (2002) Abstract
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate is a common activator of TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV3: H.Z. Hu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 35741 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
TRPV4 calcium entry channel: a paradigm for gating diversity: B. Nilius, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 286, C195 (2004) Abstract
2APB- and JTV519(K201)-sensitive micro Ca2+ waves in arrhythmogenic Purkinje cells that survive in infarcted canine heart: P.A. Boyden, et al.; Heart Rhythm 1, 218 (2004) Abstract
Inhibition of glutamate-induced delayed calcium deregulation by 2-APB and La3+ in cultured cortical neurones: C. Chinopoulos, et al.; J. Neurochem. 91, 471 (2004) Abstract
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate activates and sensitizes the heat-gated ion channel TRPV3: M.K. Chung, et al.; J. Neurosci. 24, 5177 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
The blocking of capacitative calcium entry by 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate (2-APB) and carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) inhibits proliferation in Hep G2 and Huh-7 human hepatoma cells: A. Enfissi, et al.; Cell Calcium 36, 459 (2004) Abstract
Induction of cholestasis in the perfused rat liver by 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate, an inhibitor of the hepatocyte plasma membrane Ca2+ channels: R.B. Gregory, et al.; J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 1128 (2004) Abstract
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibits agonist-induced Ca2+ signals by blocking inositol trisphosphate formation in acutely dissociated mouse pancreatic acinar cells: J. Wu, et al.; Pflugers Arch. 448, 592 (2004) Abstract
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate stimulates pulmonary C neurons via the activation of TRPV channels: Q. Gu, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 288, L392 (2005) Abstract
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate perturbs hormone-sensitive calcium stores and blocks store-operated calcium influx pathways independent of cytoskeletal disruption in human A549 lung cancer cells: S. Padar, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 69, 1177 (2005) Abstract
Block of TRPC5 channels by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: a differential, extracellular and voltage-dependent effect: S.Z. Xu, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 145, 405 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) stimulates a conformationally coupled calcium release pathway in the NG115-401L neuronal cell line: D.D. Bose & D.W. Thomas; Neuropharmacology 50, 532 (2006) Abstract
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate as a prototype drug for a group of structurally related calcium channel blockers in human platelets: Y. Dobrydneva, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 69, 247 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4 / Related Products • TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • TRP Channels Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-121 Revised 01-Dec-04
N-(3-Aminopropyl)cyclohexylamine
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PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY NMDA Receptors / Related Products
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ALX-270-121-G001   1 g 25.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H20N2
MW: 156.3
CAS NUMBER: 3312-60-5
PURITY: ≥97% (contains traces of water)
APPEARANCE: Pale yellow clear liquid. d = 0.920.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Competitive inhibitor of spermine and spermidine synthases.
Product Specific Literature References
Putrescine or spermidine binding site of aminopropyltransferases and competitive inhibitors: A. Shirahata, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 41, 205 (1991) Abstract
N-(3-aminopropyl)-cyclohexylamine blocks facilitation by spermidine of N-methyl-DL-aspartate-induced seizure in mice in vivo: P.J. Chu, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 256, 155 (1994) Abstract
 
 
ALX-550-141 Revised 17-Jan-05
4-Aminopyridine
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SYNONYMS Fampridine
4-Pyridylamine
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY K+ Channel Blockers & Inhibitors
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ALX-550-141-G005   5 g 20.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H6N2
MW: 94.1
CAS NUMBER: 504-24-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3933
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Induces depolarization of GABA neurons. Non-selective K+ channel blocker. Reverses saxitoxin- and tetrodotoxin-induced cardiorespiratory depression. Increases stimulation-induced release of acetylcholine.
Product Specific Literature References
Effects of 4-aminopyridine on normal and demyelinated mammalian nerve fibres: R.M. Sherratt, et al.; Nature 283, 570 (1980) Abstract
The origin, structure, and pharmacological activity of botulinum toxin: L.L. Simpson; Pharmacol. Rev. 33, 155 (1981) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
GABA-ergics & GABA Receptors / Related Products
 
 
ALX-550-016 Revised 08-Nov-07
(S)-AMPA
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SYNONYMS (S)-α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY AMPA Receptors / Related Products
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ALX-550-016-M005   5 mg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-016-M025   25 mg 380.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H10N2O4
MW: 186.2
CAS NUMBER: 83643-88-3
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or dilute aqueous base.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Hygroscopic.

Product Description
Active enantiomer of (R,S)-AMPA (Prod. No. ALX-550-023).
Product Specific Literature References
Enzymic resolution and binding to rat brain membranes of the glutamic acid agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid: J.J. Hansen, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 26, 901 (1983) Abstract
Ibotenic acid analogues. Synthesis, molecular flexibility, and in vitro activity of agonists and antagonists at central glutamic acid receptors: J. Lauridsen, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 28, 668 (1985) Abstract
Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors: D.D. Schoepp, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1431 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Special Amino Acids
 
 
ALX-550-023 Revised 04-Apr-08
(R,S)-AMPA
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SYNONYMS (R,S)-α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY AMPA Receptors / Related Products
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ALX-550-023-M005   5 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-023-M025   25 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H10N2O4
MW: 186.2
CAS NUMBER: 74341-63-2
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (10mM).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR and MS.

Product Description
Potent and selective quisqualate analog that interacts with the AMPA subgroup of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Product Specific Literature References
New class of glutamate agonist structurally related to ibotenic acid: P. Krogsgaard-Larsen, et al.; Nature 284, 64 (1980) Abstract
The binding of [3H]AMPA, a structural analogue of glutamic acid, to rat brain membranes: T. Honoré, et al.; J. Neurochem. 38, 173 (1982) Abstract
Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors: D.D. Schoepp; Neuropharmacology 38, 1431 (1999), (Review) Abstract
 
 
ALX-350-106 Revised 29-Nov-07
Ampullosporin A
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-350-106-M001   1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: Ac-Trp-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Gln-Leu-Aib-Gln-Leucinol
FORMULA: C77H127N19O19
MW: 1623.0
SOURCE/HOST: Antibiotic isolated from Sepedonium ampullosporum.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohols, chloroform or dichloromethane. Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
Peptaibol-type polypeptide. Induces pigment formation by the fungus Phoma destructiva, causes hypothermia in mice, displays neuroleptic activity in rats and forms instable pores in artificial bilayer membranes.
Product Specific Literature References
Ampullosporin, a new peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum HKI-0053 with neuroleptic activity in mice: M. Ritzau, et al.; J. Antibiot. 50, 722 (1997) Abstract
Differences in ion permeability of an artificial bilayer membrane caused by ampullosporin and bergofungin, new 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotics: P. Grigoriev, et al.; Bioelectrochemistry 44, 155 (1997)
Differences in ion-channel formation by ampullosporins B, C, D and semisynthetic desacetyltryptophanyl ampullosporin A: P. Grigoriev, et al.; Bioelectrochemistry 57, 119 (2002) Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of the peptaibol ampullosporin A: H.H. Nguyen, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 45, 2781 (2002) Abstract
Crystal structure and conformational analysis of ampullosporin A: M. Kronen, et al.; J. Pept. Sci. 9, 729 (2003) Abstract
Membrane association and activity of 15/16-membered peptide antibiotics: zervamicin IIB, ampullosporin A and antiamoebin I: T.N. Kropacheva, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1715, 6 (2005) Abstract
Transcriptional response to the neuroleptic-like compound Ampullosporin A in the rat ketamine model: H. Krugel, et al.; J. Neurochem. 97, Suppl. 1, 74 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alzheimer Research Other Products • Ion Channels & Transporters Other Products • Peptides
 
 
ALX-350-112 Revised 29-Nov-07
Anabasine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 3-(2-Piperidinyl)pyridine
2-(3-Pyridyl)piperidine
Neonicotine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-350-112-M025   25 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-112-M100   100 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H14N2 . HCl
MW: 162.2 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 15251-47-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 619
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Anabasis aphylla.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohol or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Tobacco alkaloid. Potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Insecticide.
Product Specific Literature References
Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro: R.L. Barbieri, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 77, 1727 (1986) Abstract
Anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy: P. Jacob, 3rd, et al.; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11, 1668 (2002) Abstract
Anabasine, a selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, antagonizes MK-801-elicited mouse popping behavior, an animal model of schizophrenia: J. Mastropaolo, et al.; Behav. Brain Res. 153, 419 (2004) Abstract
Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of anabasine, nicotine, and nicotine metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: X. Xu, et al.; Clin. Chem. 50, 2323 (2004) Abstract
Anabasine toxicity from a topical folk remedy: N.G. Murphy, et al.; Clin. Pediatr. (Phila) 45, 669 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) / Related Products • Alkaloids • Pesticides / Related Products
 
 
ALX-340-029 Revised 08-Jul-08
Anandamide
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SYNONYMS AEA
N-Arachidonoylethanolamine
(all-Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Anandamide & Anandamide Analogs
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ALX-340-029-M005   5 mg 51.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H37NO2
MW: 347.5
CAS NUMBER: 94421-68-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 624
RTECS: JX3842500
CONCENTRATION: 50mg/ml 
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY: 10mg/ml soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C. Stable for at least 6 months in other organic solvents when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Protect from light and oxygen.

Product Description
Endogenous [1] ligand for the CB1 receptor (CB1: Ki=52nm; CB2: Ki=1930nm [2]) and TRPV1 (Ki=5.78µM [3,4]). Inhibits NF-κB activation through direct binding to IKKβ [5] and induces apoptosis independently of cannabinoid or vanilloid receptors [6]. Activates the MAP kinase (MAPK/ERK) signalling pathway [7].
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor: W.A. Devane, et al.; Science 258, 1946 (1992) Abstract
[2] Novel analogues of arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide): affinities for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and metabolic stability: S. Lin, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 41, 5353 (1998) Abstract
[3] Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide: P.M. Zygmunt, et al.; Nature 400, 452 (1999) Abstract
[4] Structure-activity relationship for the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, and certain of its analogues at vanilloid receptors in transfected cells and vas deferens: R.A. Ross, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 132, 631 (2001) Abstract
[5] Anandamide inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation through a cannabinoid receptor-independent pathway: R. Sancho, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 63, 429 (2003) Abstract
[6] Anandamide induces cell death independently of cannabinoid receptors or vanilloid receptor 1: possible involvement of lipid rafts: K.P. Sarker, et al.; Cell Mol. Life Sci. 60, 1200 (2003) Abstract
[7] The MAP kinase signal transduction pathway is activated by the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide: M. Wartmann, et al.; FEBS Lett. 359, 133 (1995) Abstract
Biochemistry and pharmacology of arachidonylethanolamide, a putative endogenous cannabinoid: C.J. Hillard & W.B. Campbell; J. Lipid Res. 38, 2383 (1997), (Review) Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation: L. De Petrocellis, et al.; PNAS 95, 8375 (1998) Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonist, anandamide: J. Axelrod & C.C. Felder; Neurochem. Res. 23, 575 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Endocannabinoids: endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands with neuromodulatory action: V. Di Marzo, et al.; TINS 21, 521 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Endocannabinoids: a new class of vasoactive substances: M.D. Randall & D.A. Kendall; TIPS 19, 55 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Metabolism of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol: an historical overview and some recent developments: V. Di Marzo, et al.; Lipids 34, S319 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Anandamide: a candidate neurotransmitter heads for the big leagues: D.W. Self; Nat. Neurosci. 2, 303 (1999), (Review) Abstract
New perspectives on enigmatic vanilloid receptors: A. Szallasi & V. Di Marzo; TINS 23, 491 (2000), (Review) Abstract
Anandamide: some like it hot: V. Di Marzo, et al.; TIPS 22, 346 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Anandamide is an endogenous inhibitor for the migration of tumor cells and T lymphocytes: J. Joseph, et al.; Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 53, 723 (2004) Abstract
Anandamide-induced cell death in primary neuronal cultures: role of calpain and caspase pathways: V.A. Movsesyan, et al.; Cell Death Differ. 11, 1121 (2004) Abstract
Arachidonylethanolamide induces apoptosis of human glioma cells through vanilloid receptor-1: E. Contassot, et al.; J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 63, 956 (2004) Abstract
Preferred conformations of endogenous cannabinoid ligand anandamide: J.Z. Chen, et al.; Life Sci. 76, 2053 (2005) Abstract
The cardiovascular actions of anandamide: more targets?: M.D. Randall; Br. J. Pharmacol. 145, 565 (2005) Abstract;