ALEXIS Biochemicals: Tunicamycin

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ALX-380-030

Revised 17-Oct-07

Bafilomycin A1
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - ATPase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-030-C100		100 µg	70.00 USD
ALX-380-030-M001		1 mg	210.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₅H₅₈O₉
MW:	622.8
CAS NUMBER:	88899-55-2
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces griseus.
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Macrolide antibiotic that acts as a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase. Valuable tool for distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Inhibitor of endosomal acidification.

Product Specific Literature References

Metabolic products of microorganisms. 224. Bafilomycins, a new group of macrolide antibiotics. Production, isolation, chemical structure and biological activity: G. Werner, et al.; J. Antibiot. 37, 110 (1984) Abstract
Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells: E.J. Bowman, et al.; PNAS 85, 7972 (1988) Abstract
The evolution of H+-ATPases [see comments]: N. Nelson & L. Taiz; TIPS 14, 113 (1989), (Review) Abstract
Kinetic studies of chromaffin granule H+-ATPase and effects of bafilomycin A1: H. Hanada, et al.; BBRC 170, 873 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of osteoclast proton transport by bafilomycin A1 abolishes bone resorption: K. Sundqui, et al.; BBRC 168, 309 (1990) Abstract
The cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin and its degradation in intact Vero cells are inhibited by bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase: T. Umata, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 265, 21940 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the targeting of lysosomal acid hydrolases in cultured hepatocytes: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 178, 369 (1991) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells: T. Yoshimori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 17707 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Inhibitory effect of modified bafilomycins and concanamycins on P- and V-type adenosinetriphosphatases: S. Drose, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 3902 (1993) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, blocks lysosomal cholesterol trafficking in macrophages: T. Furuchi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 27345 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin inhibits proton flow through the H+ channel of vacuolar proton pumps: B.P. Crider, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17379 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Active vacuolar H+ATPase is required for both endocytic and exocytic processes during viral infection of BHK-21 cells: H. Palokangas, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17577 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Inositol trisphosphate-dependent and -independent Ca2+ mobilization pathways at the vacuolar membrane of Candida albicans: C.M. Calvert & D. Sanders; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7272 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 differentially affects proteolytic processing of mutant and wild-type beta-amyloid precursor protein: C. Haass, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6186 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Cell-type and amyloid precursor protein-type specific inhibition of A beta release by bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases: J. Knops, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2419 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Specific inhibitors of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases induce apoptotic cell death: T. Nishihara, et al.; BBRC 212, 255 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis by bafilomycin A1 in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: A.J. Saurin, et al.; Biochem. J. 313, 65 (1996) Abstract
Autophagy, bafilomycin and cell death: the "a-B-cs" of plecomacrolide-induced neuroprotection: J.J. Shacka, et al.; Autophagy 2, 228 (2006), Review Abstract
Bafilomycin A1-sensitive pathway is required for the maturation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: T. Okiyoneda, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1763, 1017 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ALX-350-019

Revised 16-Oct-08

(+)-Brefeldin A
SYNONYMS	BFA Ascotoxin Decumbin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M005		5 mg	80.00 USD
ALX-350-019-M010		10 mg	130.00 USD
ALX-350-019-M025		25 mg	270.00 USD
ALX-350-019-M050		50 mg	420.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₂₄O₄
MW:	280.4
CAS NUMBER:	20350-15-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1369
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum.
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, methanol, acetone or ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Inhibitor of intracellular protein transport and protein secretion, interfering with trafficking in the trans-Golgi network, leading to the accumulation of cycling proteins in ERGIC clusters. Blocks ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) in an inactive GDP-bound conformation and thereby prevents binding of COPI coats to ERGIC and Golgi membranes. Upon brefeldin A treatment the Golgi rapidly tubulates and fuses with the ER by an energy-, temperature-, and microtubule-dependent process. In contrast, the drug has little effect on the ERGIC, which keeps its identity, although the ERGIC clusters become larger and more uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cells. Inhibits intracellular collagen degradation. Also inhibits apical Na⁺ channels in epithelia. Induces apoptosis.

Product Specific Literature References

Decumbin, a new compound from a species of Penicillium: V.L. Singleton, et al.; Nature 181, 1072 (1958)
Über die Isolierung neuer Stoffwechselprodukte aus Penicillium brefeldianum Dodge.: E. Harri, et al.; Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1235 (1963)
Novel blockade by brefeldin A of intracellular transport of secretory proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes: Y. Misumi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 261, 11398 (1986) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A causes disassembly of the Golgi complex and accumulation of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum: T. Fujiwara, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18545 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A, thapsigargin, and AIF4- stimulate the accumulation of GRP78 mRNA in a cycloheximide dependent manner, whilst induction by hypoxia is independent of protein synthesis: B.D. Price, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 152, 545 (1992) Abstract
Brefeldin A and the endocytic pathway. Possible implications for membrane traffic and sorting: W. Hunziker, et al.; FEBS Lett. 307, 93 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibits degradation as well as production and secretion of collagen in human lung fibroblasts: C.R. Ripley, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3677 (1993) Abstract
Brefeldin A is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells independently of p53: R.G. Shao, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 227, 190 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibition of apical Na+ channels in epithelia: R.S. Fisher, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 270, C138 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A: deciphering an enigmatic inhibitor of secretion: A. Nebenfuhr, et al.; Plant Physiol. 130, 1102 (2002), Review Abstract
NKT cells provide help for dendritic cell-dependent priming of MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells in vivo: D. Stober, et al.; J. Immunol. 170, 2540 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Interaction of BIG2, a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein, with exocyst protein Exo70: K.F. Xu, et al.; PNAS 102, 2784 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products • Golgi Apparatus • Collagen / Related Products • Na+ Channels • Antitumor Antibiotics • Antibiotics - Antiviral / Anti-HIV • Antibiotics - Antifungal • Autophagy Other Products • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)

ALX-350-052

Revised 17-Nov-08

Dihydrocapsaicin
SYNONYMS	8-Methyl-N-vanillylnonanamide
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Neurotoxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-052-M010		10 mg	28.00 USD
ALX-350-052-M050		50 mg	70.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₈H₂₉NO₃
MW:	307.4
CAS NUMBER:	19408-84-5
RTECS:	RA5998000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Capsicum fruit.
PURITY:	≥85%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in chloroform, DMSO or 100% ethanol; sparingly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	IRRITANT. POTENT NEUROTOXIN.

Product Description

Dihydro-analog and congener of capsaicin (Prod. No. ALX-550-066) in chili peppers (Capsicum). Like capsaicin it is irritant. Dihydrocapsaicin accounts for about 22% of the total capsaicinoids mixture and has about the same pungency as capsaicin. Antioxidant. Reduces oxidation of serum lipids. Mutagenic.

Product Specific Literature References

The mutagenicity of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in V79 cells: T. Lawson & P. Gannett; Cancer Lett. 48, 109 (1989) Abstract
Dihydrocapsaicin treatment depletes peptidergic nerve fibers of substance P and alters mast cell density in the respiratory tract of neonatal sheep: R. Ramirez-Romero, et al.; Regul. Pept. 91, 97 (2000) Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage by capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the presence of Cu(II): S. Singh, et al.; Cancer Lett. 169, 139 (2001) Abstract
Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in capsicum fruits by liquid chromatography-electrospray/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A. Garces-Claver, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 9303 (2006) Abstract
Effects of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin on copper-induced oxidation of human serum lipids: K.D. Ahuja, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 6436 (2006) Abstract

General Literature References

Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), a saturated structural analog of capsaicin,induces autophagy in human cancer cells in a catalase-regulated manner: S.H. Oh, et al.; Autophagy 4, 1009 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products for Neurological Research • Autophagy Other Products • Alkaloids

ALX-550-084

Revised 13-Dec-04

Carbamazepine
SYNONYMS	5H-Dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide
PRODUCT LINE	Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Benzodiazepines / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-550-084-G001		1 g	10.00 USD
ALX-550-084-G005		5 g	30.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₁₂N₂O
MW:	236.3
CAS NUMBER:	298-46-4
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1781
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

Product Description

Anticonvulsant and analgesic.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Analgesic / Anti-nociceptive Agents / Related Products • Autophagy Other Products

ALX-270-078

Revised 16-Jun-06

L-690,330
SYNONYMS	[1-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)ethylidene]bisphosphonic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Lipoxygenases / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-078-M001		1 mg	30.00 USD
ALX-270-078-M005		5 mg	120.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₈H₁₂O₈P₂
MW:	298.1
PURITY:	≥96%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C

Product Description

Potent inositol monophosphatase inhibitor, resistant to hydrolysis.

Product Specific Literature References

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of inositol monophosphatase by the bisphosphonate L-690,330: J.R. Atack, et al.; J. Neurochem. 60, 652 (1993) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Autophagy Other Products

ALX-804-367

Revised 04-Nov-08

Monoclonal Antibody to Bif-1 (human) (30A882.1.1)
SYNONYMS	anti-Bax Interacting Factor-1 (human) MAb (30A882.1.1)
PRODUCT LINE	Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Bcl-2 Family Interacting Proteins / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-367-C100		100 µg	293.00 USD

Product Specification

SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:	Human
CLONE:	30A882.1.1
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgG
CONCENTRATION:	0.5mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL:	Protein G-affinity purified.
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In PBS containing 0.2% gelatin and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:	Recombinant human Bif-1 (Bax interacting factor-1).
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes human Bif-1.
APPLICATION:	Western Blot (1-2µg/ml)
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for 6 months when stored at +4°C.

Product Images

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Product Specific Literature References

Molecular cloning and characterization of Bif-1. A novel Src homology 3 domain-containing protein that associates with Bax: S.M. Cuddeback, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 20559 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Endophilin B1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology: M. Karbowski, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 166, 1027 (2004) Abstract

General Literature References

Bif-1 interacts with Beclin 1 through UVRAG and regulates autophagy and tumorigenesis: Y. Takahashi, et al.; Nat. Cell Biol. 9, 1142 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Monoclonal Antibodies • Autophagy Other Products

ALX-804-196

Revised 27-Aug-08

Monoclonal Antibody to Ceramide (MID 15B4)
PRODUCT LINE	Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Ceramides / Cerebrosides / Sphingolipids / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-196-T050		50 tests	315.00 USD

Product Specification

CLONE:	MID 15B4
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgM
SOURCE/HOST:	Purified from ascites by gel filtration on sephacryl S-300.
QUANTITY:	1ml (50 tests). Suggested amount: 20µl/test.
CONCENTRATION:	200µg/ml
PURITY:	≥95%
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In PBS, pH 7.2, containing 0.5M sodium chloride, 0.1% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:	Ceramide (sphingosine-[trans-D-erythro-2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol]) conjugated to BSA.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes C16- and C24-ceramide, dihydroceramide, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in highly artificial lipid overlay test systems. Under more physiological in vitro and in vivo conditions highly specific for ceramide and does not cross-react with sphingomyelin, cholesterol or other phospholipids (see lit. ref. [1], [2], [3]).
APPLICATION:	ELISA (1:10) Flow Cytometry (see [2]) Immunocytochemistry (see [11,12]) Immunohistochemistry (1:10)
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Structural determinants of sphingolipid recognition by commercially available anti-ceramide antibodies: L.A. Cowart, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 43, 2042 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[2] CD95 Signaling Via Ceramide-rich Membrane Rafts: H. Grassme, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 20589 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[3] Ceramide-Rich Membrane Rafts Mediate CD40 Clustering: H. Grassme, et al.; J. Immunol. 168, 298 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[4] Ceramide inhibits the potassium channel Kv1.3 by the formation of membrane platforms: J. Bock, et al.; BBRC 305, 890 (2003) Abstract
[5] Host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires ceramide-rich membrane rafts: H. Grassme, et al.; Nat. Med. 9, 322 (2003) Abstract
[6] Regulation of cell death in mitotic neural progenitor cells by asymmetric distribution of prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR-4) and simultaneous elevation of endogenous ceramide: E. Bieberich, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 162, 469 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
[7] PAF-mediated pulmonary edema: a new role for acid sphingomyelinase and ceramide: R. Goggel, et al.; Nat. Med 10, 155 (2004) Abstract
[8] Study on ceramide expression and DNA content in patients with healthy mucosa, leukoplakia, and carcinoma of the larynx: F.L. Chi, et al.; Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 130, 307 (2004) Abstract
[9] Involvement of ceramide in hyperosmotic shock-induced death of erythrocytes: K.S. Lang, et al.; Cell Death Differ. 11, 231 (2004) Abstract
[10] Inhibition of erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure by urea and Cl: K.S. Lang, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 286, F1046 (2004) Abstract
[11] Clustering of CD40 ligand is required to form a functional contact with CD40: H. Grassme, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30289 (2002) Abstract
[12] Caspase-dependent and -independent activation of acid sphingomyelinase signaling: J.A. Rotolo, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 26425 (2005) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Monoclonal Antibodies • Autophagy Other Products

ALX-804-239

Revised 05-Jun-07

Monoclonal Antibody to STAT6 (human) (8C12)
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	STATs / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-239-C100		100 µg	453.00 USD

Product Specification

SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:	Human
CLONE:	8C12
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgG1
PURITY DETAIL:	Purified from serum-free cell culture supernatant by subsequent thiophilic adsorption and size exclusion chromatography.
FORMULATION:	Lyophilized from 1ml 2x PBS, 0.09% sodium azide, PEG and sucrose.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with 1ml distilled water (15 min., RT).
IMMUNOGEN:	Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 630-650 of human STAT6.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes human STAT6. Detects a band of ~97kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION:	Immunohistochemistry Western Blot (1µg/ml for HRPO/ECL detection). Recommended blocking buffer CPPT: 10mM TRIS-HCl, pH 7.4, 0.5% (w/v) casein, 1% (w/v) PEG 4’000, 1% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20, 150mM sodium chloride.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Upon reconstitution, prepare aliquots and freeze in liquid nitrogen; reconstituted antibody can be stored frozen at -80°C up to 1 year. Thaw aliquots at +37°C. Thawed aliquots may be stored at +4°C up to 3 months.
HANDLING:	After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and freeze in liquid nitrogen. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
POSITIVE CONTROL:	Included (Prod. No. ALX-840-030).

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Monoclonal Antibodies • Autophagy Other Products

ALX-804-272

Revised 13-Jun-08

Monoclonal Antibody to STAT6 (phosphorylated) (pTyr641) (16E12)
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	STATs / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-272-C100		100 µg	453.00 USD

Product Specification

SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:	Human
CLONE:	16E12
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgG1
PURITY DETAIL:	Purified from serum-free cell culture supernatant by subsequent thiophilic adsorption and size exclusion chromatography.
FORMULATION:	Lyophilized from 1ml 2x PBS, 0.09% sodium azide, PEG and sucrose.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with 1ml distilled water (15 min., RT).
IMMUNOGEN:	Synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion of human STAT6 phophorylated at Tyr⁶⁴¹.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes the GRGpYVPA motif of human, mouse (weak) and rat (weak) activated STAT6 phosphorylated at Tyr⁶⁴¹. Does not cross-react with the non-phosphorylated form of STAT6 nor with unrel