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ALX-270-245

Revised 14-Feb-07

(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal
SYNONYMS	4-HNE
PRODUCT LINE	Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-245-M005		5 mg	128.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₉H₁₆O₂
MW:	156.2
CAS NUMBER:	128946-65-6
RTECS:	RA8510000
PURITY:	≥85% (HPLC) (precursor diethylacetal)
FORMULATION:	Liquid. Solution in n-hexane.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (washed with nitrogen) or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C
USE/STABILITY:	Store solutions on ice and use within 6 hours of preparation.
HANDLING:	Protect from light and oxygen. Keep under inert gas. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Product Description

Among the aldehydes formed, 4-HNE is the major product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been suggested to play a major role in liver toxicity associated with lipid peroxidation. Prevents NF-κB activation and TNF expression by inhibiting IκB phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis.

Product Specific Literature References

Suggested mechanisms for the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal from the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: W.A. Pryor & N.A. Porter; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 8, 541 (1990) Abstract
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81 (1991) Abstract
Quantitation of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts: K. Uchida & E.R. Stadtman; Meth. Enzymol. 233, 371 (1994) Abstract
Histochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein in Alzheimer amyloid: Y. Ando, et al.; J. Neurol. Sci. 156, 172 (1998) Abstract
Genotoxic lipid peroxidation products: their DNA damaging properties and role in formation of endogenous DNA adducts: P.C. Burcham; Mutagenesis 13, 287 (1998) Abstract
Roles of lipid peroxidation in modulation of cellular signaling pathways, cell dysfunction, and death in the nervous system: J.N. Keller & M.P. Mattson; Rev. Neurosci. 9, 105 (1998) Abstract
4-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, is increased in the brain in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery and M.A. Lovell; Neurobiol. Aging 19, 33 (1998) Abstract
Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity: M.P. Mattson; TINS 21, 53 (1998) Abstract
Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, on dopamine transport and Na+/K+ ATPase in rat striatal synaptosomes: P. Morel, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 33, 531 (1998) Abstract
Metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal, a cytotoxic lipid peroxidation product, in thymocytes as an effective secondary antioxidative defense mechanism: W.G. Siems, et al.; J. Biochem. 123, 534 (1998) Abstract
Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery & J.M. Carney; Brain Pathol. 9, 133 (1999) Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal prevents NF-kappaB activation and tumor necrosis factor expression by inhibiting IkappaB phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis: S. Page, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11611 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal impairs glutamate and glucose transport and choline acetyltransferase activity in NSC-19 motor neuron cells: W.A. Pedersen, et al.; Exp. Neurol. 155, 1 (1999) Abstract
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal inhibits neurite outgrowth, disrupts neuronal microtubules, and modifies cellular tubulin: M.D. Neely, et al.; J. Neurochem. 72, 2323 (1999) Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein MRP1 protects against the toxicity of the major lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal: J. Renes, et al.; Biochem. J. 350, 555 (2000) Abstract
The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal inhibits constitutive and inducible activity of nuclear factor kappa B in neurons: S. Camandola, et al.; Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 85, 53 (2000) Abstract
IkappaB kinase, a molecular target for inhibition by 4-hydroxy-2- nonenal: C. Ji, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 18223 (2001) Abstract; Full Text

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal (Prod. No. ALX-270-375) can be used for making a fresh preparation of HNE.

Related Products

ALX-270-407	4-Oxo-2-nonenal
ALX-270-405	(E)-4-Hydroxyhexenal
ALX-270-406	(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-d₃
ALX-270-375	(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal
ALX-210-767	Polyclonal Antibody to (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal
ALX-270-447	4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
ALX-210-767	Polyclonal Antibody to (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Lipid Peroxidation

ALX-270-253

Revised 18-Mar-08

Rosmarinic acid
SYNONYMS	(R)-α-[[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2E-propenyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antioxidants

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-253-M010		10 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-270-253-M050		50 mg	80.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₈H₁₆O₈
MW:	360.3
CAS NUMBER:	537-15-5, 20283-92-5
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to brown solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; also soluble in PBS.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C

Product Description

Naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Anticarcinogenic. Inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, TCR-induced T cell activation and proliferation.

Product Specific Literature References

Modification of endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the rabbit by methylprednisolone, F(ab')2 fragments and rosmarinic acid: H. Bult, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 84, 317 (1985) Abstract
Complement-dependent stimulation of prostacyclin biosynthesis: inhibition by rosmarinic acid: M. Rampart, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 35, 1397 (1986) Abstract
Studies on the activities of tannins and related compounds, X. Effects of caffeetannins and related compounds on arachidonate metabolism in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Y. Kimura, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 50, 392 (1987) Abstract
Protective action of seven natural phenolic compounds against peroxidative damage to biomembranes: G.T. Liu, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 43, 147 (1992) Abstract
Metabolism of rosmarinic acid in rats: T. Nakazawa & K. Ohsawa; J. Nat. Prod. 61, 993 (1998) Abstract
Rosmarinic acid inhibits TCR-induced T cell activation and proliferation in an Lck-dependent manner: J. Won, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 870 (2003) Abstract
Rosmarinic acid inhibits Ca2+-dependent pathways of T-cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling by inhibiting the PLC-gamma 1 and Itk activity: M.A. Kang, et al.; Blood 101, 3534 (2003) Abstract
Rosmarinic acid inhibits epidermal inflammatory responses: anticarcinogenic effect of Perilla frutescens extract in the murine two-stage skin model: N. Osakabe, et al.; Carcinogenesis 25, 549 (2004) Abstract
Effects of rosmarinic acid against aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin-A-induced cell damage in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2): C. Renzulli, et al.; J. Appl. Toxicol. 24, 289 (2004) Abstract
Rosmarinic acid inhibits angiogenesis and its mechanism of action in vitro: S.S. Huang & R.L. Zheng; Cancer Lett. 239, 271 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

T Cell Regulation Other Products • Lipid Peroxidation • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Polyphenols Other Products • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents

ALX-270-254

Revised 22-Sep-08

Carnosol
SYNONYMS	1,3,4,9,10,10aS-Hexahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2H-9S,4aR-(epoxymethano)phenanthren-12-one
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antioxidants

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-254-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-270-254-M005		5 mg	269.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₆O₄
MW:	330.4
CAS NUMBER:	5957-80-2
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY:	≥96%
APPEARANCE:	White to beige solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol (8mg/ml), DMSO (250mg/ml) or dimethyl formamide (35mg/ml); sparingly soluble in aqueous PBS, pH 7.2 (<30μg/ml).
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 1 year when stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing aqueous solutions for more than one day.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Naturally occurring phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) gene expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Inhibits lipid peroxidation. Antimicrobial. Anticarcinogenic. Inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Product Specific Literature References

Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid: O.I. Aruoma, et al.; Xenobiotica 22, 257 (1992) Abstract
Effects of three dietary phytochemicals from tea, rosemary and turmeric on inflammation-induced nitrite production: M.M. Chan, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 23 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis: H. Haraguchi, et al.; Planta Med. 61, 333 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition by rosemary and carnosol of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis and in vivo DMBA-DNA adduct formation: K. Singletary, et al.; Cancer Lett. 104, 43 (1996) Abstract
Development of in vitro models for cellular and molecular studies in toxicology and chemoprevention: K. Macé, et al.; Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 20, 227 (1998) Abstract
Carnosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse macrophages: A.H. Lo, et al.; Carcinogenesis 23, 983 (2002) Abstract
Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: O. Rau, et al.; Planta Med. 72, 881 (2006) Abstract
Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis: K. Horiuchi, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 287 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Lipid Peroxidation • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • COX Inhibitors

ALX-270-264

Revised 17-Apr-08

Carnosic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antioxidants

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-264-M010		10 mg	45.00 USD
ALX-270-264-M050		50 mg	140.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₈O₄
MW:	332.4
CAS NUMBER:	3650-09-7
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	Yellow powder.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Naturally occurring phenolic compound with antioxidant properties. Inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by NADH or NADPH oxidation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activator. Anti-inflammatory. Antimicrobial.

Product Specific Literature References

Antioxidative constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. II. Isolation of carnosic acid and formation of other phenolic diterpenes: K. Schwarz & W. Ternes; Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 195, 99 (1992) Abstract
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid: O.I. Aruoma, et al.; Xenobiotica 22, 257 (1992) Abstract
Radical intermediates and antioxidants: an ESR study of radicals formed on carnosic acid in the presence of oxidized lipids: M. Geoffroy, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 21, 247 (1994) Abstract
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis: H. Haraguchi, et al.; Planta Med. 61, 333 (1995) Abstract
Rosemary components inhibit benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity in human bronchial cells: E.A. Offord, et al.; Carcinogenesis 16, 2057 (1995) Abstract
Chemiluminescence determination of the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of RoseOx and carnosic acid: A.I. Kuzmenko, et al.; J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 48, 63 (1999) Abstract
Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: O. Rau, et al.; Planta Med. 72, 881 (2006) Abstract
Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis: K. Horiuchi, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 287 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Lipid Peroxidation • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • PPAR Agonists

ALX-270-265

Revised 29-Jan-05

U-74389G
SYNONYMS	21-(4-(2,6-di-1-Pyrrolidinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione . (Z)-2-butenedioate
PRODUCT LINE	Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Lipid Peroxidation

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-265-M010		10 mg	15.00 USD
ALX-270-265-M050		50 mg	63.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₇H₅₀N₆O₂. C₄H₄O₄
MW:	610.8 . 116.1
CAS NUMBER:	153190-29-5
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol. Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Store solutions of U-74389G on ice and use within 6 hours of preparation. We strongly recommend using fresh solution for each experiment.
HANDLING:	Hygroscopic.

Product Description

Lazaroid inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant.

Product Specific Literature References

Hydrogen peroxide induces 21-aminosteroid-inhibitable F2-isoprostane production and cytolysis in renal tubular epithelial cells: A. Salahudeen, et al.; J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6, 1300 (1995) Abstract
21-aminosteroid and 2-(aminomethyl)chromans inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced lipid peroxidation and permeability enhancement in bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers: F. Shi, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 19, 349 (1995) Abstract
Protection of ischemic and reperfused rat myocardium by the nonglucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid U-74389G, a new inhibitor of lipid peroxidation: G.M. Campo, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 277, 333 (1996) Abstract
Protection of rat heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury by the 21-aminosteroid U-74389G: A.M. Perna, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 34, 25 (1996) Abstract
Comparison of various lazaroid compounds for protection against ischemic liver injury: N. Ishizaki, et al.; Transplantation 63, 202 (1997) Abstract
Protein oxidation biomarkers in hyperoxic lung injury in rats: effects of U-74389: S. Awasthi, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 95, 47 (1998) Abstract
The 21-aminosteroid U-74389G reduces cerebral superoxide anion concentration following fluid percussion injury of the brain: R.H. Fabian, et al.; J. Neurotrauma 15, 433 (1998) Abstract
Novel 21-aminosteroid U-74389G inhibits low-density lipoprotein peroxidation induced by .OH and O2-. free radicals: A. Khalil, et al.; Life Sci. 63, 769 (1998) Abstract
Intrahippocampal injection of paraquat produces apoptotic cell death which is prevented by the lazaroid U74389G, in rats: D. Melchiorri, et al.; Life Sci. 62, 1927 (1998) Abstract
The lazaroid, U-74389G, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, reverses vascular failure and protects against endotoxin shock:: D. Altavilla, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 369, 49 (1999) Abstract
Effect of lazaroid U-74389G and methylprednisolone on endotoxin-induced shock in mice: K. Fukuma, et al.; Surgery 125, 421 (1999) Abstract
Neuroprotective efficacy of combination therapy with two different antioxidants in rats subjected to transient focal ischemia: R. Schmid-Elsaesser, et al.; Brain Res. 816, 471 (1999) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products

ALX-270-375

Revised 04-Feb-05

(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal
SYNONYMS	HNE-DA
PRODUCT LINE	Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-375-1		1 Vial	98.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₁H₂₂O₃
MW:	202.3
PURITY:	≥85% (HPLC)
FORMULATION:	Liquid. 6.8mg in 1ml n-hexane. Yields ~5.2mg aldehyde after hydrolysis.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Unopened vial is stable for at least one year after receipt.
HANDLING:	Keep cool and dry.

Product Images

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Product Description

Derivative from (E)-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245). Can be used to freshly prepare HNE.

Product Specific Literature References

Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer, R.J. Schaur & H. Zollner; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81 (1991) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Preparation and use of (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) from the Acetal (HNE-DA):
- Evaporate the n-hexane under a gentle stream of nitrogen at RT. Continue to work at +4°C.
- Add 1ml of 1mM HCl (+4°C) and stir for about 45 minutes or close the vial and shake for 30 minutes.
- The initially cloudy suspension becomes almost clear as saponification proceeds.
- The resulting aqueous HNE solution has a pH of 3 and contains ~5.2mg of aldehyde.
- This solution, if kept at +4°C, is stable for at least 24 hours.
- If neutralized (see Note) this product is stable for 6 hours.
- We recommend to use the in situ prepared HNE immediately.
Note: HNE decomposes (polymerizes) in basic solution within a few minutes. Never use alkalies to neutralize the pH, but rather appropriately concentrated buffers. During saponification, methanol is generated. If methanol is undesirable, HNE can be extracted in chloroform or dichloromethane. HNE is only sparingly soluble in water.

FORMULA:	C₆H₁₀O₂
MW:	114.1
CAS NUMBER:	160708-91-8
CONCENTRATION:	10mg/ml
PURITY:	≥98%
FORMULATION:	Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or acetonitrile.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C.