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Vesicles & Membrane Trafficking
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ALX-380-030 Revised 17-Oct-07
Bafilomycin A1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - ATPase Inhibitors
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-030-C100   100 µg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-030-M001   1 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C35H58O9
MW: 622.8
CAS NUMBER: 88899-55-2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces griseus.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Macrolide antibiotic that acts as a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. Valuable tool for distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Inhibitor of endosomal acidification.
Product Specific Literature References
Metabolic products of microorganisms. 224. Bafilomycins, a new group of macrolide antibiotics. Production, isolation, chemical structure and biological activity: G. Werner, et al.; J. Antibiot. 37, 110 (1984) Abstract
Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells: E.J. Bowman, et al.; PNAS 85, 7972 (1988) Abstract
The evolution of H+-ATPases [see comments]: N. Nelson & L. Taiz; TIPS 14, 113 (1989), (Review) Abstract
Kinetic studies of chromaffin granule H+-ATPase and effects of bafilomycin A1: H. Hanada, et al.; BBRC 170, 873 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of osteoclast proton transport by bafilomycin A1 abolishes bone resorption: K. Sundqui, et al.; BBRC 168, 309 (1990) Abstract
The cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin and its degradation in intact Vero cells are inhibited by bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase: T. Umata, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 265, 21940 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the targeting of lysosomal acid hydrolases in cultured hepatocytes: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 178, 369 (1991) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells: T. Yoshimori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 17707 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Inhibitory effect of modified bafilomycins and concanamycins on P- and V-type adenosinetriphosphatases: S. Drose, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 3902 (1993) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, blocks lysosomal cholesterol trafficking in macrophages: T. Furuchi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 27345 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin inhibits proton flow through the H+ channel of vacuolar proton pumps: B.P. Crider, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17379 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Active vacuolar H+ATPase is required for both endocytic and exocytic processes during viral infection of BHK-21 cells: H. Palokangas, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17577 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Inositol trisphosphate-dependent and -independent Ca2+ mobilization pathways at the vacuolar membrane of Candida albicans: C.M. Calvert & D. Sanders; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7272 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 differentially affects proteolytic processing of mutant and wild-type beta-amyloid precursor protein: C. Haass, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6186 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Cell-type and amyloid precursor protein-type specific inhibition of A beta release by bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases: J. Knops, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2419 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Specific inhibitors of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases induce apoptotic cell death: T. Nishihara, et al.; BBRC 212, 255 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis by bafilomycin A1 in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: A.J. Saurin, et al.; Biochem. J. 313, 65 (1996) Abstract
Autophagy, bafilomycin and cell death: the "a-B-cs" of plecomacrolide-induced neuroprotection: J.J. Shacka, et al.; Autophagy 2, 228 (2006), Review Abstract
Bafilomycin A1-sensitive pathway is required for the maturation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: T. Okiyoneda, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1763, 1017 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-350-019 Revised 16-Oct-08
(+)-Brefeldin A
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SYNONYMS BFA
Ascotoxin
Decumbin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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ALX-350-019-M005   5 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M010   10 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M025   25 mg 270.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M050   50 mg 420.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C16H24O4
MW: 280.4
CAS NUMBER: 20350-15-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1369
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, methanol, acetone or ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Inhibitor of intracellular protein transport and protein secretion, interfering with trafficking in the trans-Golgi network, leading to the accumulation of cycling proteins in ERGIC clusters. Blocks ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) in an inactive GDP-bound conformation and thereby prevents binding of COPI coats to ERGIC and Golgi membranes. Upon brefeldin A treatment the Golgi rapidly tubulates and fuses with the ER by an energy-, temperature-, and microtubule-dependent process. In contrast, the drug has little effect on the ERGIC, which keeps its identity, although the ERGIC clusters become larger and more uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cells. Inhibits intracellular collagen degradation. Also inhibits apical Na+ channels in epithelia. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Decumbin, a new compound from a species of Penicillium: V.L. Singleton, et al.; Nature 181, 1072 (1958)
Über die Isolierung neuer Stoffwechselprodukte aus Penicillium brefeldianum Dodge.: E. Harri, et al.; Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1235 (1963)
Novel blockade by brefeldin A of intracellular transport of secretory proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes: Y. Misumi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 261, 11398 (1986) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A causes disassembly of the Golgi complex and accumulation of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum: T. Fujiwara, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18545 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A, thapsigargin, and AIF4- stimulate the accumulation of GRP78 mRNA in a cycloheximide dependent manner, whilst induction by hypoxia is independent of protein synthesis: B.D. Price, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 152, 545 (1992) Abstract
Brefeldin A and the endocytic pathway. Possible implications for membrane traffic and sorting: W. Hunziker, et al.; FEBS Lett. 307, 93 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibits degradation as well as production and secretion of collagen in human lung fibroblasts: C.R. Ripley, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3677 (1993) Abstract
Brefeldin A is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells independently of p53: R.G. Shao, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 227, 190 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibition of apical Na+ channels in epithelia: R.S. Fisher, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 270, C138 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A: deciphering an enigmatic inhibitor of secretion: A. Nebenfuhr, et al.; Plant Physiol. 130, 1102 (2002), Review Abstract
NKT cells provide help for dendritic cell-dependent priming of MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells in vivo: D. Stober, et al.; J. Immunol. 170, 2540 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Interaction of BIG2, a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein, with exocyst protein Exo70: K.F. Xu, et al.; PNAS 102, 2784 (2005) Abstract
 
 
ALX-201-269 Revised 18-Mar-08
Calreticulin (rabbit) (recombinant)
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calreticulin / Related Products
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ALX-201-269-C025   25 µg 170.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in E. coli.
CONCENTRATION: 1.2mg/ml
PURITY: ≥99%
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 100mM HEPES, pH 7.5, containing 150mM NaCl and 5mM CaCl2.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Specific Literature References
Delineation of the lectin site of the molecular chaperone calreticulin: S.P. Thomson and D.B. Williams; Cell Stress Chaperones 10, 242 (2005) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P15253: Calreticulin (rabbit)
 
 
ALX-153-064 Revised 31-Aug-07
Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide
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SYNONYMS Cavtratin
AP-Cav
Pen-C1-SD
PRODUCT LINE Protein Synthesis, Modification & Degradation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Caveolae / Related Products
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ALX-153-064-M001   1 mg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-153-064-M005   5 mg 560.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Arg-Gln-Ile-Lys-Ile-Trp-Phe-Gln-Asn-Arg-Arg-Met-Lys-Trp-Lys-Lys-Asp-Gly-Ile-Trp-Lys-Ala-Ser-Phe-Thr-Thr-Phe-Thr-Val-Thr-Lys-Tyr-Trp-Phe-Tyr-Arg-OH
FORMULA: C228H335N61O49S
MW: 4746.6
APPEARANCE: ≥97% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or acentonitrile:water (50:50).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Hygroscopic. Protect from light.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. HARMFUL.
Product Description
Cell permeable peptide that blocks eNOS (NOS III) activity and cellular nitric oxide (NO) release in vitro and reduces inflammation and tumorigenesis in vivo. Caveolin-1 interacts with several lipid-modified signalling ligands, such as EGFR, eNOS, G-protein α-subunits, PKCα, H-Ras, and Src, via the C1-SD82-101 sequence.
Product Specific Literature References
Caveolins, a family of scaffolding proteins for organizing "preassembled signaling complexes" at the plasma membrane: T. Okamoto, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4519 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
In vivo delivery of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain inhibits nitric oxide synthesis and reduces inflammation: M. Bucci, et al.; Nat. Med. 6, 1362 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Selective inhibition of tumor microvascular permeability by cavtratin blocks tumor progression in mice: J.P. Gratton, et al.; Cancer Cell 4, 31 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Caveolin-1 gene disruption promotes mammary tumorigenesis and dramatically enhances lung metastasis in vivo. Role of Cav-1 in cell invasiveness and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2/9) secretion: T.M. Williams, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 51630 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Dissecting the molecular control of endothelial NO synthase by caveolin-1 using cell-permeable peptides: P.N. Bernatchez, et al.; PNAS 102, 761 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PeptidesNOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity)NOS RegulationCancer Other Products
 
 
ALX-350-240 Revised 05-Dec-07
Ilimaquinone
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SYNONYMS 3-[(Decahydro-1β,2β,4αβ-trimethyl-5-methylene-1-naphthyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoquinone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-350-240-C100   100 µg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H30O4
MW: 358.5
CAS NUMBER: 71678-03-0
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Displays antimicrobial, anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory properties. Induces reversible breakdown of Golgi membranes. Inhibits the association of β-COP and ADP-ribosylation factor to Golgi membranes. Interacts with methylation enzymes. Shows anticancer activity.
Product Specific Literature References
R.T. Luibrand, et al.; Tetrahedron 35, 609 (1979)
Complete vesiculation of Golgi membranes and inhibition of protein transport by a novel sea sponge metabolite, ilimaquinone: P.A. Takizawa, et al.; Cell 73, 1079 (1993) Abstract
Interactions of (-)-ilimaquinone with methylation enzymes: implications for vesicular-mediated secretion: H.S. Radeke, et al.; Chem. Biol. 6, 639 (1999) Abstract
Ilimaquinone inhibits gap-junctional communication prior to Golgi fragmentation and block in protein transport: V. Cruciani, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 287, 130 (2003) Abstract
Natural products with anti-HIV activity from marine organisms: L.A. Tziveleka, et al.; Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 3, 1512 (2003), Review Abstract
Interaction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria: J.G. Goetz & I.R. Nabi; Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34, 370 (2006), Review Abstract
Ilimaquinone, a marine sponge metabolite, displays anticancer activity via GADD153-mediated pathway: P.H. Lu, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 556, 45 (2007) Abstract
 
 
ALX-630-027 Revised 09-Oct-08
α-Latrotoxin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-027-C040   40 µg 450.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~130kDa.
CAS NUMBER: 65988-34-3
RTECS: OE9020000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Latrodectus tredecimguttatus.
QUANTITY: Determined by Lowry and Pierce method.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
PURITY DETAIL: Migrates as one distinct band when run on a 5-25% gradient polyacrylamide gel according to the method of Laemmli (Nature 227, 680 (1970)).
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute in 0.5ml of distilled cold water. Stir very gently. Do not shake or vortex. Add 0.5 ml glycerol. Stock solution received contains 50% glycerol and 300nM α-latrotoxin.
QUALITY CONTROL: Bioassay: Test of the ability to stimulate neurotransmitter release in both Ca2+-free and Ca2+-containing media according to Valtorta. Effective concentration: 100pM-1nM.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solution is stable for 1 week when stored at +4°C or for at least one year at -20°C.
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
Causes massive neurotransmitter release from a wide variety of central and peripheral synaptic junctions of vertebrates using Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent pathways. A useful pharmacological tool in the studies of synaptic vesicles exocytosis of different neutrotransmitters.
Product Specific Literature References
Purification from black widow spider venom of a protein factor causing the depletion of synaptic vesicles at neuromuscular junctions: N. Frontali, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 68, 462 (1976) Abstract
Preparation and properties of a neurotoxin purified from the venom of black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus): A. Grasso; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 439, 406 (1976) Abstract
Synaptophysin (p38) at the frog neuromuscular junction: its incorporation into the axolemma and recycling after intense quantal secretion: F. Valtorta, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 107, 2717 (1988) Abstract
The effect of alpha-latrotoxin on a synaptic connection between identified neurons in the brain of the mollusc Helix pomatia L: O.N. Osipenko, et al.; Toxicon 31, 1123 (1993) Abstract
GTP cleavage by the small GTP-binding protein Rab3A is associated with exocytosis of synaptic vesicles induced by alpha-latrotoxin: B. Stahl, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 24770 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Alpha-latrotoxin stimulates glutamate release from cortical astrocytes in cell culture: V. Parpura, et al.; FEBS Lett. 360, 266 (1995) Abstract
Mechanisms of alpha-latrotoxin action: A. W. Henkel & S. Sankaranarayanan; Cell Tissue Res. 296, 229 (1999), (Review) Abstract
alpha-Latrotoxin and its receptors: neurexins and CIRL/latrophilins: T.C. Sudhof; Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 933 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Alpha-latrotoxin induces exocytosis by inhibition of voltage-dependent K+ channels and by stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels via latrophilin in beta-cells: S. Lajus, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 281, 5522 (2006) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Attention: For best results, only proceed according to the given instructions. Dissolution and/or storage of this toxin contrary to these instructions may affect the stability and biological activity of this compound.

Further Categories Containing This Product:
Ca2+ ModulatorsExocytosis
 
 
ALX-380-026 Revised 26-Jun-08
Monensin . sodium salt
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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ALX-380-026-M100   100 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-026-G001   1 g 63.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C36H61O11 . Na
MW: 669.9 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 22373-78-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6246
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform or DMSO. Clear solution (5%) in methanol with heat. Slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Antibiotic that functions as Na+ ionophore. Blocks glycoprotein secretion. Inhibits proliferation of several lymphoma cell lines through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Monensin, a new biologically active compound. I. Discovery and isolation: M. E. Haney, Jr. & M. M. Hoehn; Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. (Bethesda) 7, 349 (1967) Abstract
Solution chemistry of monensin and its alkali metal ion complexes. Potentiometric and spectroscopic studies
:
P.G. Gertenbach & A.I. Popov; JACS 97, 4738 (1975)
Undersulfated proteoglycans are secreted by cultured chondrocytes in the presence of the ionophore monensin: K. Tajiri, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6036 (1980) Abstract; Full Text
Expression of membrane IGM by a human B lymphoblastoid cell line in the presence of monensin: R.T. Kubo and M.L. Pigeon; Mol. Immunol. 20, 345 (1983) Abstract
Alteration of intracellular traffic by monensin; mechanism, specificity and relationship to toxicity: H. H. Mollenhauer, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1031, 225 (1990), Review Abstract
Monensin-mediated growth inhibition in human lymphoma cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis: W. H. Park, et al.; Br. J. Haematol. 119, 400 (2002) Abstract
 
 
ALX-804-027 Revised 11-Jan-05
Monoclonal Antibody to α-Adaptin (AC1-M11)
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PRODUCT LINE Protein Synthesis, Modification & Degradation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Endocytosis
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ALX-804-027-R500   500 µl 379.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Mouse
Rat
Pig
Monkey
Others
CLONE: AC1-M11
ISOTYPE: Mouse IgG2a
FORMULATION: Liquid. Ascites diluted in PBS containing 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Purified adaptors.
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human, mouse, rat, pig, monkey, bovine, chicken and frog α-adaptin. Recognizes the products of both α-adaptin genes, α-A and α-C as well as an alternatively spliced isoform of α-A found in neurons.
APPLICATION: Immunocytochemistry (1:100)
Immunoprecipitation
Western Blot (1:100)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Specific Literature References
100-kD coated vesicle proteins: molecular heterogeneity and intracellular distribution studied with monoclonal antibodies: M.S. Robinson; J. Cell. Biol. 104, 887 (1987) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Monoclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-804-110 Revised 19-Oct-06
Monoclonal Antibody to α-Adaptin (AP6)
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SYNONYMS anti-AP2 MAb (AP6)
PRODUCT LINE Protein Synthesis, Modification & Degradation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Endocytosis
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-804-110-R100   100 µl 379.00 USD