ALEXIS Biochemicals: Gramicidin A (high purity)

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ALX-270-111

Revised 31-Jul-08

Patulin
SYNONYMS	4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one Clairformin Clavacin Clavatin Claviformin Leucopin Mycoin C3 Mycosin Penicidin Terinin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-111-M001		1 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-270-111-M005		5 mg	80.00 USD
ALX-270-111-M025		25 mg	320.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₇H₆O₄
MW:	154.1
CAS NUMBER:	149-29-1
MERCK INDEX:	14: 7053
RTECS:	LV2625000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Penicillium expansum.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, ethyl acetate or DMSO (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC.

Product Description

Inhibitor of protein farnesylation in a cell free assay. Inhibits incorporation of tritiated mevalonate into proteins in whole cells. Mycotoxin with anti-bacterial, potassium uptake inhibitory and possibly carcinogenic activities. Known contaminant of spoiled apples.

Product Specific Literature References

M. Birkinshaw, et al.; Lancet 245, 625 (1943)
J. Kahn; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 121, 234 (1957)
IARC Monographs 10, 205 (1976)
Chronology of patulin-induced alterations in membrane function of cultured renal cells, LLC-PK: R.T. Riley, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 102, 128 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of protein prenylation by patulin: S. Miura, et al.; FEBS Lett. 318, 88 (1993) Abstract
Aneuploidogenic and clastogenic potential of the mycotoxins citrinin and patulin: E. Pfeiffer, et al.; Carcinogenesis 19, 1313 (1998) Abstract
Hplc detection of patulin in apple juice with GC/MS confirmation of patulin identity: J.A. Roach, et al.; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 504, 135 (2002), Review Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Mycotoxins • Farnesylation / Isoprenylation Reagents

ALX-350-241

Revised 07-Dec-07

Manumycin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-241-M001		1 mg	58.00 USD
ALX-350-241-M005		5 mg	170.00 USD
ALX-350-241-M010		10 mg	260.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₁H₃₈N₂O₇
MW:	550.7
CAS NUMBER:	52665-74-4
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces parvulus.
PURITY:	≥96% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Yellow to brown powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol or DMSO; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
IDENTITY:	Determined by ¹H-NMR.

Product Description

Potent, selective and competitive inhibitor of Ras farnesyltransferase. Does not affect geranylgeranyltransferase. Inhibition is competitive with respect to farnesyl pyrophosphate and non-competitive with respect to Ras. Inhibits neutral sphingomyelinase.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibitors of Ras farnesyltransferases: F. Tamanoi; TIBS 18, 349 (1993), (Review) Abstract
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: Ras research yields a potential cancer therapeutic: J.B. Gibbs, et al.; Cell 77, 175 (1994) Abstract
Manumycin inhibits ras signal transduction pathway and induces apoptosis in COLO320-DM human colon tumour cells: A. Di Paolo, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 82, 905 (2000) Abstract
Manumycin A and its analogues are irreversible inhibitors of neutral sphingomyelinase: C. Arenz, et al.; ChemBioChem 2, 141 (2001) Abstract
Enhancement of manumycin A-induced apoptosis by methoxyamine in myeloid leukemia cells: M. She, et al.; Leukemia 19, 595 (2005) Abstract
Binding of manumycin A inhibits IkappaB kinase beta activity: M. Bernier, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 281, 2551 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Farnesylation / Isoprenylation Reagents • Ceramides / Cerebrosides / Sphingolipids / Related Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-380-005

Revised 03-Apr-08

Ascomycin
SYNONYMS	Immunomycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-005-M001		1 mg	125.00 USD
ALX-380-005-M005		5 mg	540.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₄₃H₆₉NO₁₂
MW:	792.0
CAS NUMBER:	11011-38-4
RTECS:	CI75700000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Ethyl analog of FK506 (Prod. No. ALX-380-008) with similar immunosuppressant properties. Inhibits calcineurin phosphatase.

Product Specific Literature References

Ascomycin, an antifungal antibiotic: T. Arai, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 15, 23 (1962) Abstract
NMR studies of an FK-506 analog, [U-13C]ascomycin, bound to FK-506-binding protein: A.M. Petros, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 35, 2467 (1992) Abstract
Structure-activity profiles of macrolactam immunosuppressant FK-506 analogues: M. Kawai, et al.; FEBS Lett. 316, 107 (1993) Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of novel desmethylated immunomycins (ascomycins): A. Shafiee, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 46, 1397 (1993) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

PP2B [Calcineurin] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

ALX-380-007

Revised 16-Jun-08

Enniatin B
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Ionophores

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-007-M001		1 mg	130.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₃H₅₇N₃O₉
MW:	639.8
CAS NUMBER:	917-13-5
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3585
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Fusarium orthoceras var. enniatum.
PURITY:	≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or other organic solvents; almost insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Ionophore antibiotic. Inhibitor of the S. cerevisiae ABC transporter Pdr5p.
Inhibitor of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase and of phosphodiesterase. Potential anticancer compound.

Product Specific Literature References

Ionophore antibiotics produced by the fungus Fusarium orthoceras var. enniatum and other Fusaria: E. Gaumann, et al.; Experientia 3, 202 (1947)
"Sandwich" complexation in cyclopeptides and its implications in membrane processes: V.T. Ivanov; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 221 (1975) Abstract
Interaction of cyclic peptides and depsipeptides with calmodulin: K.A. Mereish, et al.; Pept. Res. 3, 233 (1990) Abstract
Enniatin has a new function as an inhibitor of Pdr5p, one of the ABC transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: K. Hiraga, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 328, 1119 (2005) Abstract
Enniatin exerts p53-dependent cytostatic and p53-independent cytotoxic activities against human cancer cells: R. Dornetshuber, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20, 465 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MDR Inhibitors • Other Toxins • Antitumor Antibiotics • Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

ALX-380-032

Revised 19-Mar-08

Decoyinine
SYNONYMS	Angustmycin A U-7984 9-(6-Deoxy-D-β-erythro-hex-5-en-2-ulofuranosyl)-adenine
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-032-M001		1 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-380-032-M005		5 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₁H₁₃N₅O₄
MW:	279.3
CAS NUMBER:	2004-04-8
RTECS:	AU6256000
SOURCE/HOST:	Natural fermentation product.
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (warm), water or 100% ethanol; poorly soluble in methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. Stock solutions are stable for 3 months when stored at -20°C.

Product Description

Nucleoside antibiotic. Antitumor compound. Inhibitor of xanthosin monophosphate (XMP) aminase. Inhibitor of RNA synthesis. Specific inhibitor of GMP synthase. Reduces intracellular GTP levels.

Product Specific Literature References

Studies on a new antibiotic, angustmycin: H. Sakai, et al.; J. Antibiot. 7, 116 (1954) Abstract
Studies on a new antibiotic, angustmycin. I: H. Yuntsen, et al.; J. Antibiot. 7, 113 (1954) Abstract
Studies on angustmycin. III: H. Yuntsen, et al.; J. Antibiot. 9, 195 (1956) Abstract
On the studies of angustmycins. VI. Chemical structure of angustmycin A: H. Yuntsen; J. Antibiot. 11, 79 (1958) Abstract
Purine nucleosides. XXII. The synthesis of angustmycin A (decoyinine) and related unsaturated nucleosides: J.R. McCarthy, Jr., et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 4993 (1968) Abstract
Effects of several tumor-inhibitory antibiotics on immunological responses: H. Yamaki, et al.; J. Antibiot. 22, 315 (1969) Abstract
Halo sugar nucleosides. 5. Synthesis of angustmycin A and some base analogues: E.J. Prisbe, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 41, 1836 (1976) Abstract
A decrease in GTP content is associated with aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces MA406-A-1: K. Ochi; J. Gen. Microbiol. 132, 299 (1986) Abstract
Extracellular control of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis: A.D. Grossman & R. Losick; PNAS 85, 4369 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Nucleoside antibiotics: structure, biological activity, and biosynthesis: K. Isono; J. Antibiot. 41, 1711 (1988) Abstract
A target for carbon source-dependent negative regulation of the citB promoter of Bacillus subtilis: A. Fouret & A.L. Sonenshein; J. Bacteriol. 172, 835 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Sporulation of Streptomyces venezuelae in submerged cultures: M.A. Glazebrook, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 581 (1990) Abstract
Conformational studies on some Cl’-branched beta-D-nucleosides by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations: J. Plavec, et al.; J. Biochem. Biophys. Meth. 26, 317 (1993) Abstract
Biochemical characterization of human GMP synthetase: J. Nakamura & L. Lou; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7347 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Guanine nucleotides guanosine 5’-diphosphate 3’-diphosphate and GTP co-operatively regulate the production of an antibiotic bacilysin in Bacillus subtilis: T. Inaoka, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 2169 (2003) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antitumor Antibiotics • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors)

ALX-380-035

Revised 08-Apr-08

Neomycin . sulfate
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-035-G005		5 g	12.00 USD
ALX-380-035-G010		10 g	18.00 USD
ALX-380-035-G025		25 g	30.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₃H₄₆N₆O₁₃ . 3H₂SO₄
MW:	614.7 . 294.2
CAS NUMBER:	1405-10-3
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6454
RTECS:	QP4375000
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light and moisture.
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits translation by binding to the small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes. Inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC) due to binding to inositol phospholipids. Neomycin inhibits phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D activity. Blocks voltage sensitive Ca²⁺ channels without affecting Na⁺/Ca²⁺ antiporters in nerve cells.

Product Specific Literature References

Effects of neomycin on calcium and polyphosphoinositide metabolism of guinea pig synaptosomes: H.D. Griffin, et al.; J. Neurochem. 34, 750 (1980) Abstract
Phosphoinositides in mitogenesis: neomycin inhibits thrombin-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover and initiation of cell proliferation: D.H. Carney, et al.; Cell 42, 479 (1985) Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate: a possible chemical link in excitation- contraction coupling in muscle: J. Vergara, et al.; PNAS 82, 6352 (1985) Abstract
Neomycin is a potent agent for arachidonic acid release in human platelets: S. Nakashima, et al.; BBRC 146, 820 (1987) Abstract
Binding of neomycin to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2): E. Gabev, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 979, 105 (1989) Abstract
Inhibition of neural phospholipase D activity by aminoglycoside antibiotics: M. Liscovitch, et al.; Biochem. J. 279, 319 (1991) Abstract
Gadolinium and neomycin block voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels without interfering with the Na(+)-Ca2+ antiporter in brain nerve endings: L.M. Canzoniero, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 245, 97 (1993) Abstract
Neomycin inhibition of hormone-stimulated smooth muscle contractions in myometrial tissue: M. Philippe; BBRC 205, 245 (1994) Abstract
Nerve extracts and substance P activate the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway and mitogenesis in newt forelimb regenerates: M.J. Smith, et al.; Dev. Biol. 167, 239 (1995) Abstract
Antiproliferative action of neomycin is associated with inhibition of cyclin D1 activation in glioma cells: P. Cuevas, et al.; Neurol. Res. 25, 961 (2003) Abstract
Neomycin inhibits glioma cell migration: P. Cuevas, et al.; Neurol. Res. 26, 273 (2004) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Phospholipase C / Related Products • Phospholipase D / Related Products • Ca2+ Channels Other Products

ALX-380-041

Revised 08-Aug-08

Tautomycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-041-C025		25 µg	180.00 USD
ALX-380-041-C050		50 µg	235.00 USD
ALX-380-041-C100		100 µg	440.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₄₁H₆₆O₁₃
MW:	767.0
CAS NUMBER:	109946-35-2
RTECS:	WX1000000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces spiroverticillatus.
PURITY:	≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate or DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light and moisture.
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.

Product Description

Cell permeable, potent protein phosphatase inhibitor. Apoptosis inducer. Mixture of two isomers.

Product Specific Literature References

A new antibiotic, tautomycin: X.C. Cheng, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 40, 907 (1987) Abstract
Comparison of the effect of tautomycin and phorbol ester on protein kinase C in a cell-free system: J. Magae, et al.; J. Antibiot. 42, 1290 (1989) Abstract
Tautomycin from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillatus. Another potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A: C. MacKintosh & S. Klumpp; FEBS Lett. 277, 137 (1990) Abstract
Myosin light chain phosphatase activities and the effects of phosphatase inhibitors in tonic and phasic smooth muscle: M.C. Gong, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 14662 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
Structurally different members of the okadaic acid class selectively inhibit protein serine/threonine but not tyrosine phosphatase activity: M. Suganuma, et al.; Toxicon 30, 873 (1992) Abstract
Molecular shape analysis and activity of tautomycin, a protein phosphatase inhibitor: Y. Sugiyama, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6, 3 (1996)
The apoptosis-inducing activity of the two protein phosphatase inhibitors, tautomycin and thyrsiferyl 23-acetate, is not due to the inhibition of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A: K. Kikuchi, et al.; Int. J. Mol. Med. 4, 395 (1999), Review Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Protein Serine / Threonine Phosphatases Other Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-380-051

Revised 20-Jun-08

Anisomycin
SYNONYMS	2-(p-Methoxybenzyl)-3,4-pyrrolidinediol-3-acetate
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-051-M010		10 mg	35.00 USD
ALX-380-051-M050		50 mg	140.00 USD
ALX-380-051-M100		100 mg	250.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₄H₁₉NO₄
MW:	265.3
CAS NUMBER:	22862-76-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 670
RTECS:	BZ9800000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces griseolus.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), 100% ethanol, methanol or ethyl acetate (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Activator of p38 and MAP kinases. Synergistic with growth factors and phorbol esters to superinduce cFos and cJun, by acting as a potent signalling agonist. Induces apoptosis in the human monoblastoid cell line. Used in the eradication of bean mildew. Inhibits other pathogenic fungi in plants.

Product Specific Literature References

Anisomycin, a new anti-protozoan antibiotic: B. A. Sobin & F. W. Tanner; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 4053 (1954)
DNA fragmentation and cytolysis in U937 cells treated with diphtheria toxin or other inhibitors of protein synthesis: S.K. Kochi & R.J. Collier; Exp. Cell. Res. 208, 296 (1993) Abstract
The stress-activated protein kinase subfamily of c-Jun kinases: J.M. Kyriakis, et al.; Nature 369, 156 (1994) Abstract
Role of SAPK/ERK kinase-1 in the stress-activated pathway regulating transcription factor c-Jun: I. Sanchez, et al.; Nature 372, 794 (1994) Abstract
Anisomycin and rapamycin define an area upstream of p70/85S6k containing a bifurcation to histone H3-HMG-like protein phosphorylation and c-fos-c-jun induction: E. Kardalinou, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 1066 (1994) Abstract
Protein synthesis inhibitor phase shifts vasopressin rhythms in long- term suprachiasmatic cultures: K. Shinohara & T. Oka; NeuroReport 5, 2201 (1994) Abstract
Anisomycin selectively desensitizes signalling components involved in stress kinase activation and fos and jun induction: C.A. Hazzalin, et al.; Mol Cell Biol 18, 1844 (1998) Abstract
Anisomycin treatment paradigm affects duration of long-term potentiation in slices of the amygdala: P. Okulski, et al.; Neuroscience 114, 1 (2002) Abstract
Downregulation of Ski and SnoN co-repressors by anisomycin: A. Vazquez-Macias, et al.; FEBS Lett. 579, 3701 (2005) Abstract
Anisomycin and the reconsolidation hypothesis: J.W. Rudy, et al.; Learn. Mem. 13, 1 (2006), Review Abstract
A chemical screen identifies anisomycin as an anoikis sensitizer that functions by decreasing FLIP protein synthesis: I.A. Mawji, et al.; Cancer Res. 67, 8307 (2007) Abstract
Anisomycin abrogates repression of protooncogene c-fos transcription in E1A + cHa-ras-transformed cells through activation of MEK/ERK kinase cascade: A. N. Kukushkin, et al.; J. Cell. Biochem. 103, 1005 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product: