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Alkaloids
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ALX-350-104 Revised 10-May-07
Aaptamine
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SYNONYMS 8,9-Dimethoxy-1H-benzo[de][1,6]naphtyridine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-104-M001   1 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H12N2O2
MW: 228.3
CAS NUMBER: 85547-22-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the sponge Aaptos aaptos.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Oil.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Competitive antagonist of α-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Inhibits cancer cell growth.
Product Specific Literature References
Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action of aaptamine, a novel marine natural product, in vascular smooth muscle: Y. Ohizumi, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36, 785 (1984) Abstract
Antineoplastic agents 491. Synthetic conversion of aaptamine to isoaaptamine, 9-demethylaaptamine, and 4-methylaaptamine: G.R. Pettit, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 69, 2251 (2004) Abstract
Aaptamine, a spongean alkaloid, activates p21 promoter in a p53-independent manner: S. Aoki, et al.; BBRC 342, 101 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors / Related Products • Alkaloids • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-550-232 Revised 13-May-08
Aconitine
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SYNONYMS (1α,3α,6α,14α,15α,16β)-20-Ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol 8-acetate 14-benzoate
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-232-M025   25 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H47NO11
MW: 645.7
CAS NUMBER: 302-27-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 118
RTECS: AR5960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aconitum karacolium.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (35mg/ml); almost insoluble in water (0.3mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
A lipid-soluble neurotoxin that acts as a sodium channel modulator. Blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels. Potent neurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at mouse neuromuscular junction: effects of elevated quantal release and aconitine: S.P. Yu & W. Van der Kloot; Neurosci. Lett. 117, 111 (1990) Abstract
Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids: M. Muroi, et al.; Neuropharmacology 29, 567 (1990) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ Channels • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-350-156 Revised 18-Feb-08
Aerophobin-2
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Alkaloids
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ALX-350-156-M001   1 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C16H19Br2N5O4
MW: 505.2
CAS NUMBER: 87075-23-8
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aplysina aerophoba.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white amorphous solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Cytotoxic alkaloid. Shows antibiotic properties.
Product Specific Literature References
The bromo-compounds of the true sponge Verongia aerophoba: G. Cimino, et al.; Tetrahedron Lett. 24, 3029 (1983)
Antibiotic and cytotoxic activity of brominated compounds from the marine sponge Verongia aerophoba: R. Teeyapant, et al.; Z. Naturforsch. 48, 939 (1993) Abstract
Approaches to the synthesis of some tyrosine-derived marine sponge metabolites: synthesis of verongamine and purealidin N: T.R. Boehlow, et al.; J.Org. Chem. 66, 3111 (2001) Abstract
Two unprecedented dibromotyrosine-derived alkaloids from the Brazilian endemic marine sponge Aplysina caissara: B.M. Saeki, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 65, 796 (2002) Abstract
Chemical defense of Mediterranean sponges Aplysina cavernicola and Aplysina aerophoba: C. Thoms, et al.; Z. Naturforsch. 59, 113 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-326 Revised 29-May-07
Agelongine
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-350-326-M001   1 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H11BrN2O4
MW: 339.1
CAS NUMBER: 163564-84-9
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the sponge Agelas longissima.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow to brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.

Product Description
Alkaloid exhibiting antagonistic activity on serotonin receptors.
Product Specific Literature References
A novel bromopyrrole alkaloid from the sponge agelas longissima with antiserotonergic activity: F. Cafieri, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 5, 799 (1995)
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases, GSK-3beta and CK1 by hymenialdisine, a marine sponge constituent: L. Meijer, et al.; Chem. Biol. 7, 51 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Serotonergics & Serotonin Receptors / Related Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-350-112 Revised 29-Nov-07
Anabasine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 3-(2-Piperidinyl)pyridine
2-(3-Pyridyl)piperidine
Neonicotine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-350-112-M025   25 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-112-M100   100 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H14N2 . HCl
MW: 162.2 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 15251-47-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 619
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Anabasis aphylla.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohol or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Tobacco alkaloid. Potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Insecticide.
Product Specific Literature References
Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro: R.L. Barbieri, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 77, 1727 (1986) Abstract
Anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy: P. Jacob, 3rd, et al.; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11, 1668 (2002) Abstract
Anabasine, a selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, antagonizes MK-801-elicited mouse popping behavior, an animal model of schizophrenia: J. Mastropaolo, et al.; Behav. Brain Res. 153, 419 (2004) Abstract
Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of anabasine, nicotine, and nicotine metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: X. Xu, et al.; Clin. Chem. 50, 2323 (2004) Abstract
Anabasine toxicity from a topical folk remedy: N.G. Murphy, et al.; Clin. Pediatr. (Phila) 45, 669 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) / Related Products • Pesticides / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-047 Revised 26-Sep-07
Aristolochic acid
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SYNONYMS 8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthrol(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxide-5-carboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-047-M025   25 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H11NO7
MW: 341.3
CAS NUMBER: 313-67-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 786
RTECS: CF3325000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aristolochia clematis.
PURITY: ≥97% (~1:1 mixture of aristolochic acids I (A) and II (B))
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor active against the enzymes found in many snake venoms as well as those of human platelets and synovial fluids. Inhibits ionophore-stimulated PLA2 activity in human neutrophils. Has been shown to be nephropathic and carcinogenic.
Product Specific Literature References
Characterization of three edema-inducing phospholipase A2 enzymes from habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom and their interaction with the alkaloid aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 501 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of aristolochic acid with Vipera russelli phospholipase A2: its effect on enzymatic and pathological activities: B.S. Vishwanath & T.V. Gowda; Toxicon 25, 929 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom with aristolochic acid: a circular dichroism study: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 939 (1987) Abstract
Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Inflammation 12, 549 (1988) Abstract
Effects of aristolochic acid on phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonate metabolism of human neutrophils: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1001, 3 (1989) Abstract
Suramin alters phosphoinositide synthesis and inhibits growth factor receptor binding in HT-29 cells: R. Kopp & A. Pfeiffer; Cancer Res. 50, 6490 (1990) Abstract
The effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors aristolochic acid and PGBx on A23187-stimulated mobilization of arachidonate in human neutrophils are overcome by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1126, 319 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for different mechanisms involved in the formation of lyso platelet-activating factor and the calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils: J.D. Winkler, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 2055 (1992) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy: H.H. Schmeiser, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2025 (1996) Abstract
Aristolochic acid and ’Chinese herbs nephropathy’: a review of the evidence to date: J.P. Cosyns; Drug Saf. 26, 33 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of aristolochic acid on intracellular calcium concentration and its links with apoptosis in renal tubular cells: Y.H. Hsin, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2167 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Inhibitors • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Other Toxins • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-270-157 Revised 03-Apr-08
Australine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS (1R,2R,3R,7S,7aR)-3-Hydroxymethyl-1,2,7-trihydroxypyrrolizidine . HCI
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-157-M001   1 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C8H15NO4. HCl
MW: 189.2 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 186766-07-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Castanospermum australe seeds.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, methanol and 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Alkaloid. Inhibitor of α-glucosidase, amyloglucosidase and glucosidase I. Does not inhibit glucosidase II, and is reported to be the first glucosidase inhibitor which differentiates glucosidase I from glucosidase II. Does not inhibit α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-mannosidase and β-mannosidase.
Product Specific Literature References
Australine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid that inhibits amyloglucosidase and glycoprotein processing: J.E. Tropea, et al.; Biochemistry 28, 2027 (1989) Abstract
Calystegins, a novel class of alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors: R.J. Molyneux, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 304, 81 (1993) Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of the glycosidase inhibitor australine through a one-pot, double-cyclization strategy: C. Ribes, et al.; Org. Lett. 9, 77 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Glycosidases / Related Products • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-350-094 Revised 24-Jul-08
Berberine . hemisulfate
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SYNONYMS Natural Yellow 18
5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]quinolizinium
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity
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ALX-350-094-G001   1 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H18NO4 . 0.5SO4
MW: 336.4 . 48.0
CAS NUMBER: 633-66-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1154
RTECS: DR9867000
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: 50mg/ml soluble in methanol:water 2:1.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
IDENTITY: Determined by IR: Identical to standard reference.

Product Description
Alkaloid which exhibits relatively weak antibiotic properties, because of its efflux by multidrug resistance pumps. The antimicrobial action of berberine is potentiated by 5’-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor. Lowers cholesterol levels through a mechanism different from that of statins. Upregulates the expression of liver low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) resulting in improved clearance of plasma LDL cholesterol through receptor mediated endocytosis. Possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-angiogenic effects. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Berberine sulfate: antimicrobial activity, bioassay, and mode of action: A.H. Amin, et al.; Can. J. Microbiol. 15, 1067 (1969) Abstract
Bacteria lacking a multidrug pump: a sensitive tool for drug discovery: P.C. Hsieh, et al.; PNAS 95, 6602 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Synergy in a medicinal plant: antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5’-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor: F.R. Stermitz, et al.; PNAS 97, 1433 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins: W. Kong, et al.; Nat. Med. 10, 1344 (2004) Abstract
The anti-inflammatory potential of berberine in vitro and in vivo: C.L. Kuo, et al.; Cancer Lett. 203, 127 (2004) Abstract
Therapeutic effects of berberine in impaired glucose tolerance rats and its influence on insulin secretion: S.H. Leng, et al.; Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 25, 496 (2004) Abstract
Berberine inhibits HIF-1alpha expression via enhanced proteolysis: S. Lin, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 612 (2004) Abstract
Apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells and murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells induced by berberine through the activation of caspase-3: C.C. Lin, et al.; Anticancer Res. 26, 227 (2006) Abstract
Berberine acutely inhibits insulin secretion from beta cells through cAMP signaling pathway: L. Zhou, et al.; Endocrinology (2008) Abstract
Berberine modifies cysteine 179 of IkappaBalpha kinase, suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic gene products, and potentiates apoptosis.: M.K. Pandey, et al.; Cancer Res. 68, 5370 (2008) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products • Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-550-322 Revised 11-Nov-08
Caffeine
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SYNONYMS 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine
3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-550-322-G005   5 g 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C8H10N4O2
MW: 194.2
CAS NUMBER: 58-08-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1636
SOURCE/HOST: Found in tea leaves, coffee beans, cocoa beans, maté leaves, guarana paste and kola nuts.
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to colorless powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform, 100% alcohol or hot water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by NIR.

Product Description
CNS stimulant. Blocks adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Interferes with the uptake and storage of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. Prevents apoptosis and cell cycle effects induced by various chemicals. Inhibits cellular DNA repair mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory.
Product Specific Literature References
Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors: J.W. Daly, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 29, 1305 (1986) Abstract
Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant: a review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action: J. Sawynok & T.L. Yaksh; Pharmacol. Rev. 45, 43 (1993) Abstract
Caffeine prevents apoptosis and cell cycle effects induced by camptothecin or topotecan in HL-60 cells: F. Traganos, et al.; Cancer Res. 53, 4613 (1993) Abstract
Multiple effects of caffeine on calcium current in rat ventricular myocytes: I. Zahradnik & P. Palade; Pfluegers Arch. 424, 129 (1993) Abstract
Acute effects of caffeine on arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and central aortic pressures: T.G. Papaioannou, et al.; Am. J. Hypertens. 18, 129 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Caffeine and the dopaminergic system: O. Cauli & M. Morelli; Behav. Pharmacol. 16, 63 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of caffeine: friend or foe: L. A. Horrigan, et al.; Pharmacol. Ther. 111, 877 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Novel neuroprotection by caffeine and adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson’s disease: A. Kalda, et al.; J. Neurol. Sci. 248, 9 (2006), (Review) Abstract
The enigmatic effects of caffeine in cell cycle and cancer: A. M. & Bode and Z. Dong; Cancer Lett. 247, 26 (2007), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • Ca2+ Modulators • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Neuroactive Agents Other Products • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • DNA Repair Other Products • Alkaloids • Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription • Natural Products for Cell Cycle Research • Phosphodiesterases / Related Products