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Signal Transduction
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ALX-620-005 Revised 22-Feb-08
FURA 2/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-(5-Carboxyoxazol-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methyl-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxymethyl ester
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-620-005-M001   1 mg 135.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C44H47N3O24
MW: 1001.9
CAS NUMBER: 108964-32-5
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetonitrile or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR and fluorescence.

Product Description
Cell permeable analog of FURA 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-004). Fluorescent probe for Ca2+. After crossing the membrane, the product is quickly metabolized by cytoplasmic esterases to the membrane impermeant FURA 2.
Product Specific Literature References
Fura-2 measurement of cytosolic free Ca2+ in monolayers and suspensions of various types of animal cells: A. Malgaroli, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 105, 2145 (1987) Abstract
A Ca2+-insensitive form of fura-2 associated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Assessment and accurate Ca2+ measurement: M. Scanlon, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6308 (1987) Abstract; Full Text
Intracellular calibration of the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2: D.A. Williams & F.S. Fay; Cell Calcium 11, 75 (1990) Abstract
Stretch-induced increases in intracellular calcium of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells: M.J. Davis, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 263, H1292 (1992) Abstract
Positive and negative inotropic effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate: relationship to PKC-dependence and changes in [Ca2+]i: C.A. Ward & M.P. Moffat; J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 24, 937 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Other Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-450-005 Revised 04-Feb-05
INDO 1/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-Amino-5-(6-carboxyindol-2-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxymethylester
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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ALX-450-005-M001   1 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-005-M005   5 mg 520.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C47H51N3O22
MW: 1009.9
CAS NUMBER: 112926-02-0
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Cell permeable analog of INDO 1 (Prod. No. ALX-450-004). Fluorescent probe for Ca2+. After crossing the membrane, the product is rapidly hydrolyzed by cytoplasmic esterases to the membrane impermeant INDO 1.
Product Specific Literature References
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures: R.Y. Tsien; Biochemistry 19, 2396 (1980) Abstract
A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties: G. Grynkiewicz, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3440 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Measuring cytosolic free calcium concentration in endothelial cells with indo-1: the pitfall of using the ratio of two fluorescence intensities recorded at different wavelengths: A. Luckhoff; Cell Calcium 7, 233 (1986) Abstract
Cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin on B lymphocytes induces both intracellular Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx: analysis with indo-1: M.K. Bijsterbosch, et al.; BBRC 137, 500 (1986) Abstract
Heterogeneity among T cells in intracellular free calcium responses after mitogen stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3. Simultaneous use of indo-1 and immunofluorescence with flow cytometry: P.S. Rabinovitch, et al.; J. Immunol. 137, 952 (1986) Abstract
Cytosolic and vacuolar Ca2+ concentrations in yeast cells measured with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence dye indo-1: D. Halachmi & Y. Eilam; FEBS Lett. 256, 55 (1989) Abstract
Calcium mobilization in human platelets using indo-1 and flow cytometry: L.K. Jennings, et al.; Blood 74, 2674 (1989) Abstract
Analysis of cytosolic ionized calcium variation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes using flow cytometry and Indo-1 AM: M. Lopez, et al.; Cytometry 10, 165 (1989) Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ measurement with Indo-1 in substrate-attached cells: advantages and special considerations: M. Wahl, et al.; Cell Calcium 11, 487 (1990) Abstract
Calcium homeostasis in dissociated embryonic neurons: a flow cytometric analysis: J.P. Grierson, et al.; J. Neurophysiol. 67, 704 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Other Products • Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators • Calcium Indicators / Probes
 
 
ALX-620-009 Revised 24-May-07
RHOD 2/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-Amino-5-(3-dimethylamino-6-dimethylammonio-9-xanthenyl)phenoxy]-2-(2-amino-5-methylphenoxy)]ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxy methyl ester . Br
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-009-M001   1 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C52H59N4O19 . Br
MW: 1044.1 . 79.9
CAS NUMBER: 129787-64-0
PURITY: ≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.

Product Description
Membrane permeable form of RHOD 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-008). Fluorescent probe for intracellular Ca2+.
Product Specific Literature References
Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores: A. Minta, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8171 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists on the rise in [Ca2+]i following depolarization in aged rat brain synaptosomes: M. Okada, et al.; Brain Res. 584, 227 (1992) Abstract
Cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of the inositol-1,4,5- trisphosphate receptor inhibits Ca2+ release from platelet membranes: T.M. Quinton & W.L. Dean; BBRC 184, 893 (1992) Abstract
Mechanisms of cholecystokinin-induced protection of cultured cortical neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated glutamate cytotoxicity: Y. Tamura, et al.; Brain Res. 592, 317 (1992) Abstract
Confocal microscopy reveals coordinated calcium fluctuations and oscillations in synaptic boutons: N. Melamed, et al.; J. Neurosci. 13, 632 (1993) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Membrane permeable form may be loaded into cells directly via incubation. A mild detergent (e.g. Pluronic F-127) may be used to facilitate the loading process. RHOD 2/AM itself does not bind Ca2+, but once inside the cell it is readily hydrolyzed to RHOD 2 by endogenous esterases.

Includes 1 vial of Pluronic® (F127).
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calcium Indicators / Probes • MDR Other Products • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-300-006 Revised 03-Jul-06
1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine
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SYNONYMS rac-ET-18-OCH3
Edelfosine
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Phospholipids / Related Products
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ALX-300-006-M050   50 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-300-006-M250   250 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H58NO6P
MW: 523.7
CAS NUMBER: 70641-51-9
RTECS: YK0718000
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white amorphous solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform (50mg/ml), 100% ethanol (5mg/ml) or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Hygroscopic.
HAZARD: MAY BE MUTAGENIC. HARMFUL.
Product Description
Produces strong antitumor and antimetastatic activities. Inhibits phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C and protein kinase C (PKC). Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Antiinvasive effect of racemic 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycero-3- phosphocholine on MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in vitro: G.A. Storme, et al.; Cancer Res. 45, 351 (1985) Abstract
Cytotoxic ether phospholipids. Different affinities to lysophosphocholine acyltransferases in sensitive and resistant cells: D.B.J. Herrmann & H.A. Neumann; J. Biol. Chem. 261, 7742 (1986) Abstract; Full Text
Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase and sodium pump by anticancer ether lipids and protein kinase C inhibitors ET-18-OCH3 and BM 41.440: K. Oishi, et al.; BBRC 157, 1000 (1988) Abstract
Solubilization of the NADPH-oxidase from bone marrow derived macrophages by dialkylphospholipid and purification by HPLC-anion exchange chromatography: J. Storch & E. Ferber; Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 369, 403 (1988) Abstract
Molecular dynamics of antitumor ether-linked phospholipids in model membranes: a spin-label study: C.-S. Lai, et al.; BBRC 160, 1189 (1989) Abstract
The ether lipid 1-octadecyl-2-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine induces expression of fos and jun proto-oncogenes and activates AP-1 transcription factor in human leukaemic cells: F. Mollinedo, et al.; Biochem. J. 302, 325 (1994) Abstract
Ether lipids enhance the cytotoxic effect of teniposide and paclitaxel in liposomes against leukaemic cells in culture: B.B. Lundberg; Anticancer Drug Des. 12, 503 (1997) Abstract
Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by the ether lipid ET- 18-OCH3 (Edelfosine): molecular structure requirements, cellular uptake, and protection by Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L): F. Mollinedo, et al.; Cancer Res. 57, 1320 (1997) Abstract
The inhibition of cell signaling pathways by antitumor ether lipids: G. Arthur & R. Bittman; Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1390, 85 (1998) Abstract
Cytotoxic etherphospholipid analogues: D. Berkovic; Gen Pharmacol. 31, 511 (1998) Abstract
Involvement of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and c-Jun in the induction of apoptosis by the ether phospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O- methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine: C. Gajate, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 53, 602 (1998) Abstract
The anticancer drug edelfosine is a potent inhibitor of neovascularization in vivo: W.R. Vogler, et al.; Cancer Invest. 16, 549 (1998) Abstract
Liposomal ET-18-OCH(3) induces cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis independently of CD95 (APO-1/Fas) signaling: O. Cuvillier, et al.; Blood 94, 3583 (1999) Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in human mitogen-activated peripheral blood T- lymphocytes by the ether phospholipid ET-18-OCH3: involvement of the Fas receptor/ligand system: C. Cabaner, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 127, 813 (1999) Abstract
Alkyl-lysophospholipids activate the SAPK/JNK pathway and enhance radiation-induced apoptosis: G.A. Ruiter, et al.; Cancer Res. 59, 2457 (1999) Abstract
Intracellular triggering of Fas, independently of FasL, as a new mechanism of antitumor ether lipid-induced apoptosis: C. Gajate, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 85, 674 (2000) Abstract
Involvement of mitochondria and caspase-3 in ET-18-OCH(3)-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells: C. Gajate, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 86, 208 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phospholipase C / Related Products • PKC Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors)
 
 
ALX-480-094 Revised 07-Oct-08
ADP-HPD . ammonium salt . dihydrate
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SYNONYMS Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (hydroxymethyl) pyrrolidinediol . NH4 . 2H2O
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Adenosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-094-C060   60 µg 188.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H23N6O12P2 . NH4 . 2H2O
MW: 541.3 . 18.0 . 36.0
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white amorphous solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (5mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Packaged under inert gas. Hygroscopic.

Product Description
Potent, noncompetitive, and specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) (IC50=120nM) versus ADP-ribose (IC50=120µM). Does not affect the activities of either PARP-1 or NAD:arginine mono(ADP-ribosyl)-transferase A even at 1mM concentration.
Product Specific Literature References
Specific inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol: J.T. Slama, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 38, 389 (1995) Abstract
Mechanism of inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol: J.T. Slama, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 38, 4332 (1995) Abstract
A cellular defense pathway regulating transcription through poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in response to DNA damage: S. Vispe, et al.; PNAS 97, 9886 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products • PARG / Related Products
 
 
ALX-581-017 Revised 10-Sep-08
LPS from Salmonella minnesota R5 (Rc) (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use)
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SYNONYMS Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota R5 (Rc) (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Lipopolysaccharides [LPS] / Related Products
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ALX-581-017-L002   2 ml 155.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Rough (R)-form LPS isolated and purified from Salmonella minnesota R5 (Rc mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method [1,2], converted to the uniform sodium salt form [3] and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water.
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml
PURITY: Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity.
FORMULATION: Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water.
ACTIVITY: Strong activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. No further re-extraction required.
Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C.
HANDLING: Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation of LPS and prevent these compounds from entering the bloodstream. Keep sterile. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel.
HAZARD: HARMFUL. HIGHLY PYROGENIC.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969) Abstract
[2] Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Luderitz; Meth. Carbohydr. Chem. 9, 11 (1993)
[3] Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Luderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975) Abstract
[4] Newer aspects of the chemistry and biology of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, with special reference to their lipid A component: C. Galanos et al.; Int. Rev. Biochemistry 14, 239 (1977)
[5] R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-581-018 Revised 10-Sep-08
LPS from Salmonella minnesota R7 (Rd) (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use)
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SYNONYMS Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota R7 (Rd) (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Lipopolysaccharides [LPS] / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-581-018-L002   2 ml 155.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Rough (R)-form LPS isolated and purified from Salmonella minnesota R7 (Rd mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method [1,2], converted to the uniform sodium salt form [3] and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water.
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml
PURITY: Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity.
FORMULATION: Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water.
ACTIVITY: Strong activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. No further re-extraction required.
Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C.
HANDLING: Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation of LPS and prevent these compounds from entering the bloodstream. Keep sterile. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel.
HAZARD: HIGHLY PYROGENIC. HARMFUL.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969) Abstract
[2] Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Luderitz; Meth. Carbohydr. Chem. 9, 11 (1993)
[3] Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Luderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975) Abstract
[4] Newer aspects of the chemistry and biology of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, with special reference to their lipid A component: C. Galanos et al.; Int. Rev. Biochemistry 14, 239 (1977)
[5] R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-550-523 Revised 11-Apr-07
JP83
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SYNONYMS 3’-Carbamoyl-biphenyl-3-yl-hexylphenylcarbamate
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase [FAAH] / Related Products
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ALX-550-523-M005   5 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H28N2O3
MW: 416.5
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at -20°C.

Product Description
Irreversible inhibitor of human fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (IC50=14nM), when tested using radiolabelled oleamide as the substrate.
Product Specific Literature References
Mechanism of carbamate inactivation of FAAH: implications for the design of covalent inhibitors and in vivo functional probes for enzymes: J.P. Alexander and B.F. Cravatt; Chem. Biol. 12, 1179 (2005) Abstract
 
 
ALX-550-522 Revised 11-Apr-07
Leelamine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS Dehydroabietylamine . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists & Antagonists / Related Products
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ALX-550-522-M005   5 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-522-M025   25 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H31N . HCl
MW: 285.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 1446-61-3
RTECS: TP8701000
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) (IC50=9.5µM). Shows weak affinity to human CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Product Specific Literature References
Triterpene and diterpene inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK): T.D. Aicher, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 2223 (1999) Abstract
 
 
ALX-550-524 Revised 19-Jul-07
1,3-bis(4-Bromophenyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione