ALEXIS Biochemicals: α-Guanidinoglutaric acid

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ALX-153-064

Revised 31-Aug-07

Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide
SYNONYMS	Cavtratin AP-Cav Pen-C1-SD
PRODUCT LINE	Protein Synthesis, Modification & Degradation
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Caveolae / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-153-064-M001		1 mg	140.00 USD
ALX-153-064-M005		5 mg	560.00 USD

Product Specification

SEQUENCE:	H-Arg-Gln-Ile-Lys-Ile-Trp-Phe-Gln-Asn-Arg-Arg-Met-Lys-Trp-Lys-Lys-Asp-Gly-Ile-Trp-Lys-Ala-Ser-Phe-Thr-Thr-Phe-Thr-Val-Thr-Lys-Tyr-Trp-Phe-Tyr-Arg-OH
FORMULA:	C₂₂₈H₃₃₅N₆₁O₄₉S
MW:	4746.6
APPEARANCE:	≥97% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or acentonitrile:water (50:50).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	Hygroscopic. Protect from light.
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. HARMFUL.

Product Description

Cell permeable peptide that blocks eNOS (NOS III) activity and cellular nitric oxide (NO) release in vitro and reduces inflammation and tumorigenesis in vivo. Caveolin-1 interacts with several lipid-modified signalling ligands, such as EGFR, eNOS, G-protein α-subunits, PKCα, H-Ras, and Src, via the C1-SD82-101 sequence.

Product Specific Literature References

Caveolins, a family of scaffolding proteins for organizing "preassembled signaling complexes" at the plasma membrane: T. Okamoto, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4519 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
In vivo delivery of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain inhibits nitric oxide synthesis and reduces inflammation: M. Bucci, et al.; Nat. Med. 6, 1362 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Selective inhibition of tumor microvascular permeability by cavtratin blocks tumor progression in mice: J.P. Gratton, et al.; Cancer Cell 4, 31 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Caveolin-1 gene disruption promotes mammary tumorigenesis and dramatically enhances lung metastasis in vivo. Role of Cav-1 in cell invasiveness and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2/9) secretion: T.M. Williams, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 51630 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Dissecting the molecular control of endothelial NO synthase by caveolin-1 using cell-permeable peptides: P.N. Bernatchez, et al.; PNAS 102, 761 (2005) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • NOS Regulation • Cancer Other Products • Peptides

ALX-270-171

Revised 30-Jun-08

Chlorpromazine . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	2-Chloro-10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine . HCl
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Calmodulin Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-171-G001		1 g	22.00 USD
ALX-270-171-G005		5 g	66.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₉ClN₂S . HCl
MW:	318.9 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	69-09-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2185
RTECS:	SO1750000
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or water (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Not stable in aqueous solution. We strongly recommend always to use freshly prepared solutions.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.

Product Description

Inhibits calmodulin stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Dopamine antagonist. D₂antagonist. H₁antagonist. Inhibits TNF-α production. Potent PLA₂inhibitor. Inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in mouse brain and prevents lipopolysaccharide induction of NOS in mouse lung. Antipsychotic.

Product Specific Literature References

Chlorpromazine as a substitute for ortho-dianisidine and ortho-tolidine in the determination of chlorine, hemoglobin, and peroxidase activity: H.B. Collier; Clin. Biochem. 7, 331 (1974) Abstract
Drug-protein interactions: binding of chlorpromazine to calmodulin, calmodulin fragments, and related calcium binding proteins: D.R. Marshak, et al.; Biochemistry 24, 144 (1985) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Chlorpromazine inhibits both the constitutive nitric oxide synthase and the induction of nitric oxide synthase after LPS challenge: M. Palacios, et al.; BBRC 196, 280 (1993) Abstract
Protective effect of calmodulin inhibitors against acute cyanide- induced lethality and convulsions in mice: H. Yamamoto; Toxicol. Lett. 66, 73 (1993) Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor production exert differential effects in lethal endotoxemia and in infection with live microorganisms in mice: M.G. Netea, et al.; J. Infect. Dis. 171, 393 (1995) Abstract
Pharmacological regulation of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase: A. Boveris, et al.; Methods Enzymol. 359, 328 (2002) Abstract
Brain mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase: in vitro and in vivo inhibition by chlorpromazine: S. Lores-Arnaiz, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 430, 170 (2004) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Dopaminergics & Dopamine Receptors / Related Products • Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • TNF-alpha & TNF Receptors Other Products • PLA2 Inhibitors • Chemopreventive Agents Other Products • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity)

ALX-106-003

Revised 06-Jun-06

L-Citrulline
PRODUCT LINE	Nitric Oxide Pathway
PRODUCT CATEGORY	NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity)

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-106-003-G005		5 g	20.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆H₁₃N₃O₃
MW:	175.2
CAS NUMBER:	372-75-8
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2331
PURITY:	≥99%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C

Product Description

Essential intermediate in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine.

Product Specific Literature References

A novel citrulline-forming enzyme implicated in the formation of nitric oxide by vascular endothelial cells: R.M.J. Palmer and S. Moncada; BBRC 158, 348 (1989) Abstract
The metabolism of L-arginine and its significance for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor: cultured endothelial cells recycle L-citrulline to L-arginine: M. Hecker, et al.; PNAS 87, 8612 (1990) Abstract
N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine: D.J. Stuehr, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 6259 (1991) Abstract; Full Text

ALX-550-516

Revised 21-May-08

Compound A
SYNONYMS	CpdA 2-((4-Acetophenyl)-2-chloro-N-methyl)ethylammonium chloride
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-550-516-M005		5 mg	40.00 USD
ALX-550-516-M025		25 mg	120.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₁H₁₄ClNO₂ . HCl
MW:	227.7 . 36.5
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or water.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in ethanol are stable for up to 1 month when stored at -80°C.
HANDLING:	Protect from moisture. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.

Product Description

Cell permeable, nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor modulator with high binding affinity. Exerts anti-inflammatory potential by down-modulating TNF-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, such as IL-6 and E-selectin. Unlike dexamethasone (Prod. No. ALX-370-002) it does not enhance glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-driven gene expression or induce glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding to GRE-dependent genes in vivo.

Product Specific Literature References

A fully dissociated compound of plant origin for inflammatory gene repression: K. De Bosscher, et al.; PNAS 102, 15827 (2005) Abstract
A plant-derived ligand favoring monomeric glucocorticoid receptor conformation with impaired transactivation potential attenuates collagen-induced arthritis: P. Dewint, et al.; J. Immunol. 180, 2608 (2008) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-370-002

Dexamethasone

Further Categories Containing This Product:

GITR & GITRL Other Products • Glucocorticoids & Glucocorticoid Receptors / Related Products • RANK & RANKL / OPG Other Products • DNA & RNA Methyl & Alkyl Transferases / Related Products • Antitumor Agents (Hormone-related) • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription • Natural Products for Cell Cycle Research

ALX-380-305

Revised 07-Oct-08

Curvularin
SYNONYMS	4,5,6,7,8,9-Hexahydro-11,13-dihydroxy-4-methyl-2H-3-benzoxacyclododecin-2,10(1H)-dione
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-305-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-380-305-M005		5 mg	240.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₂₀O₅
MW:	292.3
CAS NUMBER:	10140-70-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2676
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Brown crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol, dioxane or pyridine; insoluble in water, benzene or hexane.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Inhibits expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOSII). Has antifungal and antibiotic activity. Inhibits cell division.

Product Specific Literature References

Curvularin from penicillium baradicum Baghdadi NRRL 3754, and biological effects: R.F. Vesonder, et al.; J. Environ. Sci. Health B. 11, 289 (1976) Abstract
Cytotoxic activity of macrocyclic metabolites from fungi: K. Horakova & V. Betina; Neoplasma 24, 21 (1977) Abstract
Sporogen, S14-95, and S-curvularin, three inhibitors of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression isolated from fungi: Y. Yao, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 63, 383 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Birch reduction and its application in the total synthesis of natural products: G.S.R. Subba Rao; Pure Appl. Chem. 75, 1443 (2003)
Inhibitors of inducible NO synthase expression: total synthesis of (S)-curvularin and its ring homologues: S. Elzner, et al.; ChemMedChem 3, 924 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Antibiotics - Antifungal

ALX-270-089

Revised 25-May-07

D609 . potassium salt
SYNONYMS	Tricyclodecan-9-yl xanthogenate . K
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Phospholipase C / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-089-M001		1 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-270-089-M005		5 mg	80.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₁H₁₅OS₂ . K
MW:	227.4 . 39.1
CAS NUMBER:	83373-60-8
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	We recommend to prepare fresh solutions each day.

Product Description

Selective inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C. Has been used to study the coupling of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C with sphingomyelinase. Shows antitumor and antiviral activity. Inhibits basement membrane collagen synthesis, which is the last step in the development of a new blood vessel. Inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Induces apoptosis.

Product Specific Literature References

DNA and RNA virus species are inhibited by xanthates, a class of antiviral compounds with unique properties: G. Sauer, et al.; PNAS 81, 3263 (1984) Abstract
Interruption of growth signal transduction by an antiviral and antitumoral xanthate compound: K. Muller-Decker, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 177, 295 (1988) Abstract
Interruption of TPA-induced signals by an antiviral and antitumoral xanthate compound: inhibition of a phospholipase C-type reaction: K. Muller-Decker; BBRC 162, 198 (1989) Abstract
TNF activates NF-kappa B by phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C-induced "acidic" sphingomyelin breakdown: S. Schütze, et al.; Cell 71, 765 (1992) Abstract
Inhibitors of basement membrane collagen synthesis prevent endothelial cell alignment in matrigel in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo: G.C. Haralabopoulos, et al.; Lab. Invest. 71, 575 (1994) Abstract
Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in phagocytic cells inhibited by tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609): K. Tschaikowsky, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 113, 664 (1994) Abstract
Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by targeting nitric oxide and peroxynitrite: implications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: D.C. Hooper, et al.; PNAS 94, 2528 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
The antiviral xanthate compound D609 inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 replication and protein phosphorylation: D.G. Walro & K.S. Rosenthal; Antiviral. Res. 36, 63 (1997) Abstract
Induction of apoptosis and potentiation of TNF- and Fas-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells by the xanthogenate compound D609: M.I. Porn-Ares, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 235, 48 (1997) Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase inhibitor D609 differentially affects MAP kinases and immediate-early genes in PC12 cells: P.J. Kahle, et al.; Cell Signal. 10, 321 (1998) Abstract
Stimulation of DNA synthesis in untransformed cells by the antiviral and antitumoral compound tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609): Z. Kiss, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 55, 915 (1998) Abstract
A phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C inhibitor, D609, blocks interleukin-3 (IL-3)-induced bcl-2 expression but not c-myc expression in human IL-3-dependent cells: R.A. Mufson, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 240, 228 (1998) Abstract
D609-phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor attenuates thapsigargin-induced sodium influx in human lymphocytes: J.R. Nofer, et al.; Cell Signal. 12, 289 (2000) Abstract
D609 inhibits ionizing radiation-induced oxidative damage by acting as a potent antioxidant: D. Zhou, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298, 103 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
D609-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in Fas-mediated phospholipase D activation: J.G. Kim, et al.; Exp. Mol. Med. 33, 303 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Synthesis and phospholipase C inhibitory activity of D609 diastereomers: A. Gonzalez-Roura, et al.; Lipids 37, 401 (2002) Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase as a potential target for D609-induced apoptosis in U937 human monocytic leukemia cells: A. Meng, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 292, 385 (2004) Abstract
Protective effect of the xanthate, D609, on Alzheimer´s amyloid beta-peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress in primary neuronal cells: R. Sultana, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 38, 449 (2004) Abstract
Two distinct Fas-activated signaling pathways revealed by an antitumor drug D609: L. Zhang, et al.; Oncogene 24, 2954 (2005) Abstract
Protection against amyloid beta-peptide (1-42)-induced loss of phospholipid asymmetry in synaptosomal membranes by tricyclodecan-9-xanthogenate (D609) and ferulic acid ethyl ester: implications for Alzheimer´s disease: H. Mohmmad Abdul & D.A. Butterfield; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1741, 140 (2005) Abstract
D609 blocks cell survival and induces apoptosis in neural stem cells: N. Wang, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett 16, 4780 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors) • Angiogenesis Modulators Other Products • Antiviral Agents Other Products

ALX-370-002

Revised 19-Sep-06

Dexamethasone
SYNONYMS	9α-Fluoro-16α-methylprednisolone
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Glucocorticoids & Glucocorticoid Receptors / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-370-002-M250		250 mg	22.00 USD
ALX-370-002-G001		1 g	45.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₂₉FO₅
MW:	392.5
CAS NUMBER:	50-02-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2943
RTECS:	TU3980000
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol. Slightly soluble in acetone or chloroform. Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	HARMFUL. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description

Inhibits constitutive OPG mRNA steady-state levels in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, promoting osteoclast formation. Glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity. Inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthases (NOS).

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibition of the induction of nitric oxide synthase by glucocorticoids: yet another explanation for their anti-inflammatory effects?: S. Moncada & R.M.J. Palmer; TIPS 12, 130 (1991), (Review) Abstract
Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and the related cell damage in adenocarcinoma cells: K.J. O'Connor & S. Moncada; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1097, 227 (1991) Abstract
Nitric oxide mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytotoxicity in endothelial cells: C. Estrada, et al.; BBRC 186, 475 (1992) Abstract
Dexamethasone inhibits the expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase in infarcted rabbit myocardium: R.R. Dudek, et al.; BBRC 202, 1120 (1994) Abstract
Induction of the alkyltransferase (MGMT) gene by DNA damaging agents and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone and comparison with the response of base excision repair genes: T. Grombacher, et al.; Carcinogenesis 17, 2329 (1996) Abstract
Activation of human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene by glucocorticoid hormone: T. Biswas, et al.; Oncogene 18, 525 (1999) Abstract
Dexamethasone-induced thymocyte apoptosis: apoptotic signal involves the sequential activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, acidic sphingomyelinase, and caspases: M.G. Cifone, et al.; Blood 93, 2282 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Dexamethasone induces apoptosis in human T cell clones expressing low levels of Bcl-2: M.S. Montani, et al.; Cell Death Differ 6, 79 (1999) Abstract
Dexamethasone inhibits the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein in the suppression of human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation: T.D. Reil, et al.; J. Surg. Res. 92, 108 (2000) Abstract
Dexamethasone suppresses iNOS gene expression by inhibiting NF-kappaB in vascular smooth muscle cells: M. Matsumura, et al.; Life Sci. 69, 1067 (2001) Abstract
Dexamethasone inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production by destabilizing mRNA in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages: R. Korhonen, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 62, 698 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Molecular mechanisms underlying dexamethasone inhibition of iNOS expression and activity in C6 glioma cells: J. Shinoda, et al.; Glia 42, 68 (2003) Abstract
Dexamethasone prevents granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in a skin dendritic cell line: A.L. Vital, et al.; Mediators Inflamm. 12, 71 (2003) Abstract
Dexamethasone suppresses eNOS and CAT-1 and induces oxidative stress in mouse resistance arterioles: S.C. Schafer, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288, H436 (2005) Abstract; Full Text

FORMULA:	C₄H₆N₄O
MW:	126.2
CAS NUMBER:	56-06-4
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2981
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or methanol; slightly soluble in hot water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C