ALEXIS Biochemicals: Auraptene

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ALX-270-102

Revised 10-Aug-07

Naproxen
SYNONYMS	(S)-6-Methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthalene acetic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs [NSAIDS]

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-102-G005		5 g	35.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₄H₁₄O₃
MW:	230.3
CAS NUMBER:	22204-53-1
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6417
PURITY:	≥98% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide and 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE MUTAGENIC. HARMFUL. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Product Specific Literature References

Perspectives in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: T.Y. Shen; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 11, 460 (1972) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

PPAR Agonists • COX Inhibitors

ALX-270-198

Revised 20-Jul-07

WY-14,643
SYNONYMS	Pirinixic acid (4-Chloro-6-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl)thioacetic acid
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PPAR Agonists

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-198-M010		10 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-270-198-M050		50 mg	70.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₄H₁₄ClN₃O₂S
MW:	323.8
CAS NUMBER:	50892-23-4
RTECS:	AG2915000
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; also soluble in PBS, pH 7.2.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in organic solvents will be stable for at least 6 months at +20°C. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC.

Product Description

Widely used activator of peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs). PPARs belong to the family of nuclear hormone receptor transcription factors.

Product Specific Literature References

Control of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway by a novel family of nuclear hormone receptors: C. Dreyer, et al.; Cell 68, 879 (1992) Abstract

ALX-270-255

Revised 14-Sep-07

Ciglitazone
SYNONYMS	(±)-5-[4-(1-Methylcyclohexylmethoxy)benzyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione U-63287
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PPAR Agonists

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-255-M001		1 mg	30.00 USD
ALX-270-255-M005		5 mg	80.00 USD
ALX-270-255-M025		25 mg	310.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₈H₂₃NO₃S
MW:	333.5
CAS NUMBER:	74772-77-3
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.

Product Description

Selective PPARγ agonist.

Product Specific Literature References

The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones: T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 39, 665 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Detection and functional characterisation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in lutein cells: B. Löhrke, et al.; J. Endocrinol. 159, 429 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo: X. Xin, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 9116 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Thiazolidinediones--the new insulin enhancers: R.J. Jha; Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 21, 157 (1999), (Review) Abstract
The nuclear receptor PPAR gamma and immunoregulation: PPAR gamma mediates inhibition of helper T cell responses: R.B. Clark, et al.; J. Immunol. 164, 1364 (2000) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products

ALX-270-256

Revised 28-Apr-05

Clofibrate
SYNONYMS	2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid ethyl ester
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PPAR Agonists

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-256-M500		500 mg	15.00 USD
ALX-270-256-G001		1 g	25.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₂H₁₅ClO₃
MW:	242.7
CAS NUMBER:	637-07-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2377
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Colorless oil.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Solutions are stable for up to 6 months when stored at –20°C.

Product Description

Activates PPARα and induces cytochrome P450 4A1 and 4A3.

Product Specific Literature References

Fatty acids activate a chimera of the clofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor: M. Göttlicher, et al.; PNAS 89, 4653 (1992) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-270-481	Fenofibrate
ALX-270-475	Ciprofibrate

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Cytochrome P450 [CYP450] / Related Products • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products

ALX-270-264

Revised 17-Apr-08

Carnosic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antioxidants

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-264-M010		10 mg	45.00 USD
ALX-270-264-M050		50 mg	140.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₈O₄
MW:	332.4
CAS NUMBER:	3650-09-7
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	Yellow powder.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Naturally occurring phenolic compound with antioxidant properties. Inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by NADH or NADPH oxidation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activator. Anti-inflammatory. Antimicrobial.

Product Specific Literature References

Antioxidative constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. II. Isolation of carnosic acid and formation of other phenolic diterpenes: K. Schwarz & W. Ternes; Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 195, 99 (1992) Abstract
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid: O.I. Aruoma, et al.; Xenobiotica 22, 257 (1992) Abstract
Radical intermediates and antioxidants: an ESR study of radicals formed on carnosic acid in the presence of oxidized lipids: M. Geoffroy, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 21, 247 (1994) Abstract
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis: H. Haraguchi, et al.; Planta Med. 61, 333 (1995) Abstract
Rosemary components inhibit benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity in human bronchial cells: E.A. Offord, et al.; Carcinogenesis 16, 2057 (1995) Abstract
Chemiluminescence determination of the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of RoseOx and carnosic acid: A.I. Kuzmenko, et al.; J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 48, 63 (1999) Abstract
Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: O. Rau, et al.; Planta Med. 72, 881 (2006) Abstract
Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis: K. Horiuchi, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 287 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Lipid Peroxidation • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • PPAR Agonists

ALX-270-355

Revised 14-Sep-07

Troglitazone
SYNONYMS	5-[[4-[(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PPAR Agonists

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-355-M001		1 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-270-355-M005		5 mg	30.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₄H₂₇NO₅S
MW:	441.5
CAS NUMBER:	97322-87-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 9769
RTECS:	XJ5813130
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to beige solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Potent and selective PPARγ ligand. Binds to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain and recruits ligand-specific transcriptional coactivators at 1µM [1]. In skeletal muscle and adipocyte cell cultures, the EC₅₀ of troglitazone is about 10µM [2].

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Ligand type-specific interactions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma with transcriptional coactivators: Y. Kodera, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33201 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
[2] Enhancing effect of troglitazone on porcine adipocyte differentiation in primary culture: a comparison with dexamethasone: Y.D. Tchoukalova, et al.; Obes. Res. 8, 664 (2000) Abstract
[3] 15-Deoxy-{delta}12,14-prostaglandin j2 inhibits interleukin-1{beta}-induced nuclear factor-{kappa}b in human amnion and myometrial cells: mechanisms and implications: T.M. Lindström & P.R. Bennett; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 3534 (2005) Abstract; Full Text

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Troglitazone is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, troglitazone should first be dissolved in DMSO and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice. Troglitazone has a solubility of 100µg/ml in a 1:6 solution of DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.

General Literature References

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products

ALX-270-367

Revised 25-Jul-07

Pioglitazone
SYNONYMS	5-[[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PPAR Agonists

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-367-M001		1 mg	48.00 USD
ALX-270-367-M005		5 mg	190.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₃S
MW:	356.4
CAS NUMBER:	111025-46-8
MERCK INDEX:	14: 7452
PURITY:	≥98% (¹H-NMR)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (2.5mg/ml) or dimethyl formamide (2.5mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Pioglitazone selectively activates PPARγ-1. It is about one tenth as potent as rosiglitazone (EC₅₀~500nM for human and mouse PPARγ). In a transactivation assay using COS-1 cells transfected with full length human PPARα and RXRα, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone exhibit low level activation of PPARα at 1µM and 5.4- and 4.2-fold activation, respectively, at a concentration of 10µM.

Not sold in the US.

Product Specific Literature References

[[omega-(Heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent antihyperglycemic agents: B.C. Cantello, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 37, 3977 (1994) Abstract
An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma): J.M. Lehmann, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12953 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones: T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 39, 665 (1996) Abstract
Activation of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes by pioglitazone: J. Sakamoto, et al.; BBRC 278, 704 (2000) Abstract
The PPARs: from orphan receptors to drug discovery: T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 43, 527 (2000) Abstract

General Information

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a group of structurally related PPARγ agonists with anti-diabetic actions in vivo. Rosiglitazone (Prod. No. ALX-350-103) is a prototypical TZD and has served as a reference compound for this class of PPARγ ligands.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products

ALX-270-475

Revised 17-Jan-08

Ciprofibrate
SYNONYMS	2-[4-(2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-475-M025		25 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-270-475-M100		100 mg	150.00 USD
ALX-270-475-M250		250 mg	300.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₃H₁₄Cl₂O₃
MW:	289.2
CAS NUMBER:	52214-84-3
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2313
RTECS:	UF0880000
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Hypolipidemic compound. PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) agonist.

Product Specific Literature References

Comparison of the effects of various peroxisome proliferators on peroxisomal enzyme activities, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis in rat and human hepatocyte cultures: V. Goll, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 160, 21 (1999) Abstract
Phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in rat Fao cells and stimulation by ciprofibrate: P. Passilly, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1001 (1999) Abstract
Differences in cell proliferation in rodent and human hepatic derived cell lines exposed to ciprofibrate: M.C. Clemencet, et al.; Cancer Lett. 222, 217 (2005) Abstract
P450 CYP2C epoxygenase and CYP4A ω-hydroxylase mediate ciprofibrate-induced PPARα-dependent peroxisomal proliferation: A. Gatica, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 48, 924 (2007) Abstract; Full Text

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₁ClO₄
MW:	360.8
CAS NUMBER:	49562-28-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3978
RTECS:	UA2453400
PURITY:	≥98% (UPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in acetone, ether, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.