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Antiviral Agents/Related Products
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ALX-480-048 Revised 06-Mar-07
2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Adenosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-048-M001   1 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-048-M005   5 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H13N5O2
MW: 235.2
CAS NUMBER: 4097-22-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3101
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Inhibitor of adenylate cyclase. Useful tool in antiviral and anticancer studies. Blocks viral reverse transcription from RNA to DNA. Inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.
Product Specific Literature References
Interpretation of the roles of adenylosuccinate lyase and of AMP deaminase in the anti-HIV activity of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'- dideoxyinosine: V. Nair & T.B. Sells; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1119, 201 (1992) Abstract
Long-term inhibn. of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus DNA synthesis and RNA expression in T cells protected by 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides in vitro: H. Mitsuya, et al.; PNAS 84, 2033 (1987) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors • Antiviral Agents Other Products
 
 
ALX-480-049 Revised 03-Jun-08
2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Adenosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-049-M001   1 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-049-M005   5 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H13N5O2
MW: 235.2
CAS NUMBER: 6698-26-6
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (20mg/ml at 50°C) or DMSO (30mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.

Product Description
Cell permeable inhibitor of adenylate cyclase (ID50=250µM [1]; inhibition also reported at 1mM [2]). Inhibits growth and causes cell differentiation (1.5µM) in K562 cells [6].
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Role of adenylate cyclase in immunologic release of mediators from rat mast cells: agonist and antagonist effects of purine- and ribose- modified adenosine analogs: S.T. Holgate, et al.; PNAS 77, 6800 (1980) Abstract
[2] Inhibition of adenylate cyclase attenuates adenosine receptor-mediated relaxation in coronary artery: M.H. Sabouni, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 259, 508 (1991) Abstract
[3] Direct inhibitory effect of neurotensin on isolated gastric smooth muscle cells of guinea pig via the cyclic GMP system: Y. Chijiiwa, et al.; Digestion 54, 135 (1993) Abstract
[4] Isoproterenol antagonistic effect of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine in the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart: M. Hartmann & J. Schrader; J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 25, 331 (1993) Abstract
[5] Erythroid differentiation and growth inhibition of K562 cells by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine: synergism with interferon-alpha: K. Ogawa, et al.; Leuk. Res. 19, 749 (1995) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors • Antiviral Agents Other Products
 
 
ALX-380-201 Revised 27-Jun-08
Echinomycin
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SYNONYMS Quinomycin A
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors
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ALX-380-201-M001   1 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-201-M005   5 mg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C51H64N12O12S2
MW: 1101.3
CAS NUMBER: 512-64-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3497
RTECS: JW5250000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces echinatus (DSM 40013).
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Hygroscopic.
HAZARD: TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Antitumor antibiotic. Powerful, selective inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis in vitro. Potent inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) DNA binding activity. Induces apoptosis. Displays antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities.
Product Specific Literature References
A “quinoxaline antibiotic” similar to the triostins, q.v.: I. Kuroya, et al.; J. Antibiot. 14A, 324 (1961)
Identity of levomycin and quinomycin A (echimomycin): K. Katagiri, et al.; J. Antibiot. 15, 273 (1962) Abstract
The mode of action of quinoxaline antibiotics. Interaction of quinomycin A with deoxyribonucleic acid: K. Sato, et al.; J. Antibiot. 20, 270 (1967) Abstract
The binding of echinomycin to deoxyribonucleic acid: S.P. Wakelin & M.J. Waring; Biochem. J. 157, 721 (1976) Abstract; Full Text
Bifunctional intercalation and sequence specificity in the binding of quinomycin and triostin antibiotics to deoxyribonucleic acid: J.S. Lee & M.J. Waring; Biochem. J. 173, 115 (1978) Abstract; Full Text
Kinetics of the interaction between echinomycin and deoxyribonucleic acid: K.R. Fox, et al.; Biochemistry 20, 5768 (1981) Abstract
Sequence-specific binding of echinomycin to DNA: evidence for conformational changes affecting flanking sequences: C.M. Low, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 4865 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin binding sites on DNA: M.M. Van Dyke & P.B. Dervan; Science 225, 1122 (1984) Abstract
Kinetic evidence that echinomycin migrates between potential DNA binding sites: K.R. Fox & M.J. Waring; Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 595 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Effect of echinomycin on DNA methylation: R.L. Adams & A. Rinaldi; FEBS Lett. 215, 266 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of echinomycin with An.Tn. and (AT)n regions flanking its CG binding site: K. Waterloh & K.R. Fox; Nucl. Acids Res. 19, 6719 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Localized chemical reactivity in DNA associated with the sequence-specific bisintercalation of echinomycin: C. Bailly, et al.; Biochem. J. 300, 165 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Energetics of echinomycin binding to DNA: F. Leng, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 31, 6191 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin inhibits chromosomal DNA replication and embryonic development in vertebrates: L.G. May, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 32, 65 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin and a novel analogue induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells via the activation of MAP kinases pathway: J.Y. Park, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 50, 201 (2004) Abstract
Echinomycin, a small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 DNA-binding activity: D. Kong, et al.; Cancer Res. 65, 9047 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Molecular signaling cascade in DNA bisintercalator, echinomycin-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells: evidence of the apoptotic process via activation of the cytochrome c-ERK-caspase-3 pathway: J.Y. Park, et al.; Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 38, 244 (2006) Abstract
Synergistic effects of CoCl(2) and ROCK inhibition on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells: E. Pacary, et al.; J. Cell Sci. 119, 2667 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
Metabolic targeting of hypoxia and HIF1 in solid tumors can enhance cytotoxic chemotherapy: R.A. Cairns, et al.; PNAS 104, 9445 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - Antiviral/Anti-HIV • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF]/Related Products • Antibiotics - Antifungal • Antitumor Antibiotics
 
 
ALX-350-359 Revised 07-Apr-08
16-epi-Latrunculin B
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antiviral/anti-HIV Agents
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ALX-350-359-C100   100 µg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H29NO5S
MW: 395.5
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Negombata magnifica.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (25mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Has antiviral (herpes simplex type 1) activities and cytotoxic properties.
Product Specific Literature References
Latrunculin inhibits the microfilament-mediated processes during fertilization, cleavage and early development in sea urchins and mice: G. Schatten, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 166, 191 (1986) Abstract
Latrunculins--novel marine macrolides that disrupt microfilament organization and affect cell growth: I. Comparison with cytochalasin D: I. Spector, et al.; Cell Motility & Cytoskeleton 13, 127 (1989) Abstract
Effects of cytochalasin D and latrunculin B on mechanical properties of cells: T. Wakatsuki, et al.; J. Cell. Sci. 114, 1025 (2001) Abstract
Toward computing relative configurations: 16-epi-latrunculin B, a new stereoisomer of the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin B: T.R. Hoye, et al.; JACS 124, 7405 (2002) Abstract
General Literature References
Latrunculin inhibits the microfilament-mediated processes during fertilization, cleavage and early development in sea urchins and mice: G. Schatten, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 166, 191 (1986) Abstract
Inhibition of actin polymerization by latrunculin A: M. Coué, et al.; FEBS Lett. 213, 316 (1987) Abstract
Latrunculin A is a potent inhibitor of phagocytosis by macrophages: C.A. de Oliveira & B. Mantovani; Life Sci. 43, 1825 (1988) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Herpes Viruses/Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-113 Revised 28-May-08
Gossypol
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SYNONYMS 2,2’-bis[8-Formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-
methylnaphthalene]
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
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ALX-350-113-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H30O8
MW: 518.6
CAS NUMBER: 303-45-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4528
RTECS: DU3100000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Gossypium genus, Malvaceae.
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone or DMSO; sparingly soluble in 100% ethanol (2mg/ml) or methanol (2mg/ml). Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. HARMFUL.

Product Description
Mixture of ~65% (+)- and ~35% (-)-enantiomers. Male antifertility agent. Shows antitumor, antiviral and antioxidant actions. Small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL. Induces apoptosis. Synergizes with radiation and chemotherapy in vitro. Reversible inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B; calcineurin). Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor.
Product Specific Literature References
Binding of gossypol to purified tubulin and inhibition of its assembly into microtubules: F.J. Medrano and J.M. Andreu; Eur. J. Biochem. 158, 63 (1986) Abstract
Differential inhibition of protein kinase C subtypes: J.M. Pelosin, et al.; BBRC 169, 1040 (1990) Abstract
Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell death in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C: W.D. Jarvis, et al.; Cancer Res. 54, 1707 (1994) Abstract
Gossypol arrests human benign prostatic hyperplastic cell growth at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle: F. Shidaifat, et al.; Anticancer Res. 17, 1003 (1997) Abstract
Inhibition of huntingtin fibrillogenesis by specific antibodies and small molecules: implications for Huntington’s disease therapy: V. Heiser, et al.; PNAS 97, 6739 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Cytotoxic effect of gossypol on colon carcinoma cells: X. Wang, et al.; Life Sci. 67, 2663 (2000) Abstract
Reversible inhibition of calcineurin by the polyphenolic aldehyde gossypol: R. Baumgrass, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 47914 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to the plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani: L.S. Puckhaber, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 7017 (2002) Abstract
Telomerase inhibitors in anticancer therapy: gossypol as a potential telomerase inhibitor: M. Mego; Bratisl. Lek. Listy 103, 378 (2002) Abstract
An in vitro study of inhibitory activity of gossypol, a cottonseed extract, in human carcinoma cell lines: M. Le Blanc, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 46, 551 (2002) Abstract
Gossypol induces chloride secretion in rat proximal colon: G. Kuhn, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 457, 187 (2002) Abstract
Determination of the absolute configuration and solution conformation of gossypol by vibrational circular dichroism: T.B. Freedman, et al.; Chirality 15, 196 (2003) Abstract
In vitro effects of the BH3 mimetic, (-)-gossypol, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells: C.L. Oliver, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 7757 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
The inhibitory effects of gossypol on human prostate cancer cells-PC3 are associated with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) signal transduction pathway: J. Jiang, et al.; Anticancer Res. 24, 19 (2004) Abstract
(-)-Gossypol enhances response to radiation therapy and results in tumor regression of human prostate cancer: L. Xu, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 197 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Investigations on gossypol: past and present developments: K. Dodou; Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 14, 1419 (2005) Abstract
An in vitro study of cytotoxic effects of gossypol on human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell line (HEp-2): E. Konac, et al.; Exp. Oncol. 27, 81 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Bcl-2 Family Modulators • Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors • PKC Inhibitors • PP2B [Calcineurin]/Related Products • Natural Products - Antiviral/anti-HIV Agents • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)
 
 
ALX-350-138 Revised 05-Dec-06
Hexaprenylhydroquinone
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SYNONYMS HPH
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antiviral/anti-HIV Agents
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ALX-350-138-M001   1 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C36H54O2
MW: 518.8
CAS NUMBER: 119980-00-6
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Sarcotragus sp.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by MS, 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Potent inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA polymerase. Inhibitor of CDC25A. Similar compounds have shown inhibitory effects on phospholipase A2.
Product Specific Literature References
Three new heptaprenylhydroquinone derivatives from the sponge Ircinia fasciculata: Y. Venkateswarlu and M. Venkata Rami Reddy; J. Nat. Prod. 57, 1286 (1994)
Biological effects of prenylated hydroquinones: structure-activity relationship studies in antimicrobial, brine shrimp, and fish lethality assays: S. De Rosa, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 57, 1711 (1994) Abstract
Mode of inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase by 2-hexaprenylhydroquinone, a novel general inhibitor of RNA-and DNA-directed DNA polymerases: S. Loya, et al.; Biochem. J. 324, 721 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Polyprenyl-hydroquinones and -furans from three marine sponges inhibit the cell cycle regulating phosphatase CDC25A: I. Erdogan-Orhan, et al.; Nat. Prod. Res. 18, 1 (2004) Abstract
General Literature References
Effects of marine 2-polyprenyl-1,4-hydroquinones on phospholipase A2 activity and some inflammatory responses: B. Gil, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 285, 281 (1995) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Inhibitors • Natural Products - DNA Replication Inhibitors • HIV/AIDS/Related Products
 
 
ALX-380-059 Revised 16-Oct-07
Hygromycin B (liquid)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Antiviral/Anti-HIV
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ALX-380-059-UM01   1 MU 94.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H37N3O13
MW: 527.5
CAS NUMBER: 31282-04-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4852
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
QUANTITY: 1MU (1 million units) in 2.15ml. 350-450mg hygromycin B/ml.
PURITY: ≥80%
APPEARANCE: Dark brown solution.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Sterile and ready-to-use antibiotic with high activity. Inhibits growth of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms and mammalian cells. Inhibits protein synthesis at the translocation step on the 70S ribosome and causes misreading of the mRNA. Penetrates cells that have been permeabilized by virus infection, hence it can act as an effective antiviral agent.
Product Specific Literature References
The Isolation of a Second Antibiotic from Streptomyces hygroscopicus: R. L. Mann & W. W. Bromer; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 2714 (1958)
Antiviral effects of hygromycin B, a translation inhibitor nonpermeant to uninfected cells: J. C. Lacal & L. Carrasco; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 24, 273 (1983) Abstract
Induction of p53-independent apoptosis by hygromycin B: suppression by Bcl-2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein: G. Chen, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 221, 55 (1995) Abstract
The structural basis for the action of the antibiotics tetracycline, pactamycin, and hygromycin B on the 30S ribosomal subunit:: D.E. Brodersen, et al.; Cell 103, 1143 (2000) Abstract
A ribosomal ATPase is a target for hygromycin B inhibition on Escherichia coli ribosomes: M. C. Ganoza & M. C. Kiel; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 2813 (2001) Abstract
Hygromycin B inhibition of protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis in Escherichia coli: S. M. McGaha & W. S. Champney; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 591 (2007) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Microbiological assay: 350'000-500'000U/ml.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Protein Synthesis Other Products
 
 
ALX-350-030 Revised 07-Apr-08
Hypericin (native)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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ALX-350-030-M001   1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-030-M005   5 mg 200.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-030-M010   10 mg 370.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H16O8
MW: 504.4
CAS NUMBER: 548-04-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4863
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Hypericum perforatum.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Black to black-red powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethylmethylketone, pyridine or other organic solvents and bases.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: MAY BE TERATOGENIC. HARMFUL. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). Shows anti-viral and anti-retroviral activity. Displays antineoplastic and antitumor activities. Inhibits casein kinase II (CKII) and MAP kinase. Bright red fluorescence emission and photostability. Antidepressant.
Product Specific Literature References
Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin: D. Meruelo, et al.; PNAS 85, 5230 (1988) Abstract
Hypericin and pseudohypericin specifically inhibit protein kinase C: possible relation to their antiretroviral activity: I. Takahashi, et al.; BBRC 165, 1207 (1989) Abstract
Evaluation of the antiviral activity of anthraquinones, anthrones and anthraquinone derivatives against human cytomegalovirus: D.L. Barnard, et al.; Antiviral Res. 17, 63 (1992) Abstract
Photosensitized inhibition of growth factor-regulated protein kinases by hypericin: P. Agostinis, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 49, 1615 (1995) Abstract
Growth inhibition and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells induced by hypericin, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C: W. Zhang, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 31 (1995) Abstract
Hypericin-induced photosensitization of HeLa cells leads to apoptosis or necrosis. Involvement of cytochrome c and procaspase-3 activation in the mechanism of apoptosis: A. Vantieghem, et al.; FEBS Lett. 440, 19 (1998) Abstract
The activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways protects HeLa cells from apoptosis following photodynamic therapy with hypericin: Z. Assefa, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8788 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Over-expression of Bcl-2 does not protect cells from hypericin photo- induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, but delays subsequent events in the apoptotic pathway: R. Chaloupka, et al.; FEBS Lett. 462, 295 (1999) Abstract
Hypericin induces both differentiation and apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells: K.T. Lee, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 22, 1271 (1999) Abstract
Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways induced by photodynamic therapy with hypericin: P. Agostinis, et al.; Adv. Enzyme Regul. 40, 157 (2000) Abstract
Hypericin--a new antiviral and antitumor photosensitizer: mechanism of action and interaction with biological macromolecules: P. Miskovsky; Curr. Drug Targets 3, 55 (2002), (Review)